od(1) - man - phpMan

OD(1)                                       User Commands                                      OD(1)



NAME
       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS
       od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
       od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION
       Write  an  unambiguous  representation,  octal  bytes by default, of FILE to standard output.
       With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand
       begins  with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET.  LA‐
       BEL is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is  progressing.   For
       OFFSET  and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b
       for multiply by 512.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -A, --address-radix=RADIX
              output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for  Decimal,  Octal,  Hex  or
              None

       --endian={big|little}
              swap input bytes according the specified order

       -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
              skip BYTES input bytes first

       -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
              limit dump to BYTES input bytes

       -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
              output  strings of at least BYTES graphic chars; 3 is implied when BYTES is not speci‐
              fied

       -t, --format=TYPE
              select output format or formats

       -v, --output-duplicates
              do not use * to mark line suppression

       -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
              output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified

       --traditional
              accept arguments in third form above

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
       -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit

       -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

       -c     same as -t c,  select printable characters or backslash escapes

       -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

       -f     same as -t fF, select floats

       -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

       -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

       -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

       -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

       -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
       a      named character, ignoring high-order bit

       c      printable character or backslash escape

       d[SIZE]
              signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       f[SIZE]
              floating point, SIZE bytes per float

       o[SIZE]
              octal, SIZE bytes per integer

       u[SIZE]
              unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       x[SIZE]
              hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       SIZE is a number.  For  TYPE  in  [doux],  SIZE  may  also  be  C  for  sizeof(char),  S  for
       sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long).  If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for
       sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).

       Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
       b      512

       KB     1000

       K      1024

       MB     1000*1000

       M      1024*1024

       and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES
       od -A x -t x1z -v
              Display hexdump format output

       od -A o -t oS -w16
              The default output format used by od

AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3  or  later
       <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This  is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to
       the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/od>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'



GNU coreutils 8.32                          January 2026                                       OD(1)