{
    "content": [
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "# modprobe (man)\n\n## NAME\n\nmodprobe - Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel\n\n## SYNOPSIS\n\nmodprobe [-v] [-V] [-C config-file] [-n] [-i] [-q] [-b] [modulename] [module parameters...]\nmodprobe [-r] [-v] [-n] [-i] [modulename...]\nmodprobe [-c]\nmodprobe [--dump-modversions] [filename]\n\n## DESCRIPTION\n\nmodprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux kernel: note that for\nconvenience, there is no difference between  and - in module names (automatic underscore\nconversion is performed).  modprobe looks in the module directory /lib/modules/`uname -r` for\nall the modules and other files, except for the optional configuration files in the\n/etc/modprobe.d directory (see modprobe.d(5)).  modprobe will also use module options\nspecified on the kernel command line in the form of <module>.<option> and blacklists in the\nform of modprobe.blacklist=<module>.\n\n## TLDR\n\n> Add or remove modules from the Linux kernel.\n\n- Pretend to load a module into the kernel, but don't actually do it:\n  `modprobe {{-n|--dry-run}} {{module_name}}`\n- Load a module into the kernel:\n  `sudo modprobe {{module_name}}`\n- Remove a module from the kernel:\n  `sudo modprobe {{-r|--remove}} {{module_name}}`\n- Remove a module and those that depend on it from the kernel:\n  `sudo modprobe {{-r|--remove}} --remove-holders {{module_name}}`\n- Show a kernel module's dependencies:\n  `sudo modprobe {{-D|--show-depends}} {{module_name}}`\n\n*Source: tldr-pages*\n\n## Sections\n\n- **NAME**\n- **SYNOPSIS**\n- **DESCRIPTION**\n- **OPTIONS** (20 subsections)\n- **ENVIRONMENT**\n- **COPYRIGHT**\n- **SEE ALSO**\n- **AUTHORS**\n\nUse structuredContent.sections for detailed options, examples, and full documentation.\n"
        }
    ],
    "structuredContent": {
        "command": "modprobe",
        "section": "",
        "mode": "man",
        "summary": "modprobe - Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel",
        "synopsis": "modprobe [-v] [-V] [-C config-file] [-n] [-i] [-q] [-b] [modulename] [module parameters...]\nmodprobe [-r] [-v] [-n] [-i] [modulename...]\nmodprobe [-c]\nmodprobe [--dump-modversions] [filename]",
        "tldr_summary": "Add or remove modules from the Linux kernel.",
        "tldr_examples": [
            {
                "description": "Pretend to load a module into the kernel, but don't actually do it",
                "command": "modprobe {{-n|--dry-run}} {{module_name}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Load a module into the kernel",
                "command": "sudo modprobe {{module_name}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Remove a module from the kernel",
                "command": "sudo modprobe {{-r|--remove}} {{module_name}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Remove a module and those that depend on it from the kernel",
                "command": "sudo modprobe {{-r|--remove}} --remove-holders {{module_name}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Show a kernel module's dependencies",
                "command": "sudo modprobe {{-D|--show-depends}} {{module_name}}"
            }
        ],
        "tldr_source": "official",
        "flags": [
            {
                "flag": "-a",
                "long": "--all",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Insert all module names on the command line."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-b",
                "long": "--use-blacklist",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option causes modprobe to apply the blacklist commands in the configuration files (if any) to module names as well. It is usually used by udev(7)."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-C",
                "long": "--config",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option overrides the default configuration directory (/etc/modprobe.d). This option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-c",
                "long": "--showconfig",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Dump out the effective configuration from the config directory and exit."
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--dump-modversions",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Print out a list of module versioning information required by a module. This option is commonly used by distributions in order to package up a Linux kernel module using module versioning deps."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-d",
                "long": "--dirname",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Root directory for modules, / by default."
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--first-time",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Normally, modprobe will succeed (and do nothing) if told to insert a module which is already present or to remove a module which isn't present. This is ideal for simple scripts; however, more complicated scripts often want to know whether modprobe really did something: this option makes modprobe fail in the case that it actually didn't do anything."
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--force-vermagic",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Every module contains a small string containing important information, such as the kernel and compiler versions. If a module fails to load and the kernel complains that the \"version magic\" doesn't match, you can use this option to remove it. Naturally, this check is there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous unless you know what you're doing. This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and any modules on which it depends."
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--force-modversion",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "When modules are compiled with CONFIGMODVERSIONS set, a section detailing the versions of every interfaced used by (or supplied by) the module is created. If a module fails to load and the kernel complains that the module disagrees about a version of some interface, you can use \"--force-modversion\" to remove the version information altogether. Naturally, this check is there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous unless you know what you're doing. This applies any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and any modules on which it depends."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-f",
                "long": "--force",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Try to strip any versioning information from the module which might otherwise stop it from loading: this is the same as using both --force-vermagic and --force-modversion. Naturally, these checks are there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous unless you know what you are doing. This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and any modules it on which it depends."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-i",
                "long": "--ignore-remove",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option causes modprobe to ignore install and remove commands in the configuration file (if any) for the module specified on the command line (any dependent modules are still subject to commands set for them in the configuration file). Both install and remove commands will currently be ignored when this option is used regardless of whether the request was more specifically made with only one or other (and not both) of --ignore-install or --ignore-remove. See modprobe.d(5)."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-n",
                "long": "--show",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option does everything but actually insert or delete the modules (or run the install or remove commands). Combined with -v, it is useful for debugging problems. For historical reasons both --dry-run and --show actually mean the same thing and are interchangeable."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-q",
                "long": "--quiet",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "With this flag, modprobe won't print an error message if you try to remove or insert a module it can't find (and isn't an alias or install/remove command). However, it will still return with a non-zero exit status. The kernel uses this to opportunistically probe for modules which might exist using requestmodule."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-R",
                "long": "--resolve-alias",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Print all module names matching an alias. This can be useful for debugging module alias problems."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-r",
                "long": "--remove",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option causes modprobe to remove rather than insert a module. If the modules it depends on are also unused, modprobe will try to remove them too. Unlike insertion, more than one module can be specified on the command line (it does not make sense to specify module parameters when removing modules). There is usually no reason to remove modules, but some buggy modules require it. Your distribution kernel may not have been built to support removal of modules at all."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-S",
                "long": "--set-version",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to decide on the kernel version (which dictates where to find the modules)."
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--show-depends",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including the module itself. This produces a (possibly empty) set of module filenames, one per line, each starting with \"insmod\" and is typically used by distributions to determine which modules to include when generating initrd/initramfs images. Install commands which apply are shown prefixed by \"install\". It does not run any of the install commands. Note that modinfo(8) can be used to extract dependencies of a module from the module itself, but knows nothing of aliases or install commands."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-s",
                "long": "--syslog",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "This option causes any error messages to go through the syslog mechanism (as LOGDAEMON with level LOGNOTICE) rather than to standard error. This is also automatically enabled when stderr is unavailable. This option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-V",
                "long": "--version",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Show version of program and exit."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-v",
                "long": "--verbose",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Print messages about what the program is doing. Usually modprobe only prints messages if something goes wrong. This option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable."
            }
        ],
        "examples": [],
        "see_also": [
            {
                "name": "modprobe.d",
                "section": "5",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/modprobe.d/5/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "insmod",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/insmod/8/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "rmmod",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rmmod/8/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "lsmod",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lsmod/8/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "modinfo",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/modinfo/8/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "depmod",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/depmod/8/json"
            }
        ],
        "section_outline": [
            {
                "name": "NAME",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SYNOPSIS",
                "lines": 8,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "DESCRIPTION",
                "lines": 21,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "OPTIONS",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "-a --all",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-a",
                        "long": "--all"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-b --use-blacklist",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-b",
                        "long": "--use-blacklist"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-C --config",
                        "lines": 5,
                        "flag": "-C",
                        "long": "--config"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-c --showconfig",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-c",
                        "long": "--showconfig"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--dump-modversions",
                        "lines": 4,
                        "long": "--dump-modversions"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-d --dirname",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-d",
                        "long": "--dirname"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--first-time",
                        "lines": 6,
                        "long": "--first-time"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--force-vermagic",
                        "lines": 9,
                        "long": "--force-vermagic"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--force-modversion",
                        "lines": 10,
                        "long": "--force-modversion"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-f --force",
                        "lines": 8,
                        "flag": "-f",
                        "long": "--force"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-i --ignore-install --ignore-remove",
                        "lines": 7,
                        "flag": "-i",
                        "long": "--ignore-remove"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-n --dry-run --show",
                        "lines": 5,
                        "flag": "-n",
                        "long": "--show"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-q --quiet",
                        "lines": 5,
                        "flag": "-q",
                        "long": "--quiet"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-R --resolve-alias",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-R",
                        "long": "--resolve-alias"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-r --remove",
                        "lines": 8,
                        "flag": "-r",
                        "long": "--remove"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-S --set-version",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-S",
                        "long": "--set-version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--show-depends",
                        "lines": 8,
                        "long": "--show-depends"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-s --syslog",
                        "lines": 7,
                        "flag": "-s",
                        "long": "--syslog"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-V --version",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-V",
                        "long": "--version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-v --verbose",
                        "lines": 6,
                        "flag": "-v",
                        "long": "--verbose"
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "ENVIRONMENT",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "COPYRIGHT",
                "lines": 3,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SEE ALSO",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "AUTHORS",
                "lines": 12,
                "subsections": []
            }
        ],
        "sections": {
            "NAME": {
                "content": "modprobe - Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "SYNOPSIS": {
                "content": "modprobe [-v] [-V] [-C config-file] [-n] [-i] [-q] [-b] [modulename] [module parameters...]\n\nmodprobe [-r] [-v] [-n] [-i] [modulename...]\n\nmodprobe [-c]\n\nmodprobe [--dump-modversions] [filename]\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "DESCRIPTION": {
                "content": "modprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux kernel: note that for\nconvenience, there is no difference between  and - in module names (automatic underscore\nconversion is performed).  modprobe looks in the module directory /lib/modules/`uname -r` for\nall the modules and other files, except for the optional configuration files in the\n/etc/modprobe.d directory (see modprobe.d(5)).  modprobe will also use module options\nspecified on the kernel command line in the form of <module>.<option> and blacklists in the\nform of modprobe.blacklist=<module>.\n\nNote that unlike in 2.4 series Linux kernels (which are not supported by this tool) this\nversion of modprobe does not do anything to the module itself: the work of resolving symbols\nand understanding parameters is done inside the kernel. So module failure is sometimes\naccompanied by a kernel message: see dmesg(8).\n\nmodprobe expects an up-to-date modules.dep.bin file as generated by the corresponding depmod\nutility shipped along with modprobe (see depmod(8)). This file lists what other modules each\nmodule needs (if any), and modprobe uses this to add or remove these dependencies\nautomatically.\n\nIf any arguments are given after the modulename, they are passed to the kernel (in addition\nto any options listed in the configuration file).\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "OPTIONS": {
                "content": "",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "-a --all",
                        "content": "Insert all module names on the command line.\n",
                        "flag": "-a",
                        "long": "--all"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-b --use-blacklist",
                        "content": "This option causes modprobe to apply the blacklist commands in the configuration files\n(if any) to module names as well. It is usually used by udev(7).\n",
                        "flag": "-b",
                        "long": "--use-blacklist"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-C --config",
                        "content": "This option overrides the default configuration directory (/etc/modprobe.d).\n\nThis option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in\nthe MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable.\n",
                        "flag": "-C",
                        "long": "--config"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-c --showconfig",
                        "content": "Dump out the effective configuration from the config directory and exit.\n",
                        "flag": "-c",
                        "long": "--showconfig"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--dump-modversions",
                        "content": "Print out a list of module versioning information required by a module. This option is\ncommonly used by distributions in order to package up a Linux kernel module using module\nversioning deps.\n",
                        "long": "--dump-modversions"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-d --dirname",
                        "content": "Root directory for modules, / by default.\n",
                        "flag": "-d",
                        "long": "--dirname"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--first-time",
                        "content": "Normally, modprobe will succeed (and do nothing) if told to insert a module which is\nalready present or to remove a module which isn't present. This is ideal for simple\nscripts; however, more complicated scripts often want to know whether modprobe really did\nsomething: this option makes modprobe fail in the case that it actually didn't do\nanything.\n",
                        "long": "--first-time"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--force-vermagic",
                        "content": "Every module contains a small string containing important information, such as the kernel\nand compiler versions. If a module fails to load and the kernel complains that the\n\"version magic\" doesn't match, you can use this option to remove it. Naturally, this\ncheck is there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous unless you know\nwhat you're doing.\n\nThis applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and\nany modules on which it depends.\n",
                        "long": "--force-vermagic"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--force-modversion",
                        "content": "When modules are compiled with CONFIGMODVERSIONS set, a section detailing the versions\nof every interfaced used by (or supplied by) the module is created. If a module fails to\nload and the kernel complains that the module disagrees about a version of some\ninterface, you can use \"--force-modversion\" to remove the version information altogether.\nNaturally, this check is there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous\nunless you know what you're doing.\n\nThis applies any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and any\nmodules on which it depends.\n",
                        "long": "--force-modversion"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-f --force",
                        "content": "Try to strip any versioning information from the module which might otherwise stop it\nfrom loading: this is the same as using both --force-vermagic and --force-modversion.\nNaturally, these checks are there for your protection, so using this option is dangerous\nunless you know what you are doing.\n\nThis applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on the command line and\nany modules it on which it depends.\n",
                        "flag": "-f",
                        "long": "--force"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-i --ignore-install --ignore-remove",
                        "content": "This option causes modprobe to ignore install and remove commands in the configuration\nfile (if any) for the module specified on the command line (any dependent modules are\nstill subject to commands set for them in the configuration file). Both install and\nremove commands will currently be ignored when this option is used regardless of whether\nthe request was more specifically made with only one or other (and not both) of\n--ignore-install or --ignore-remove. See modprobe.d(5).\n",
                        "flag": "-i",
                        "long": "--ignore-remove"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-n --dry-run --show",
                        "content": "This option does everything but actually insert or delete the modules (or run the install\nor remove commands). Combined with -v, it is useful for debugging problems. For\nhistorical reasons both --dry-run and --show actually mean the same thing and are\ninterchangeable.\n",
                        "flag": "-n",
                        "long": "--show"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-q --quiet",
                        "content": "With this flag, modprobe won't print an error message if you try to remove or insert a\nmodule it can't find (and isn't an alias or install/remove command). However, it will\nstill return with a non-zero exit status. The kernel uses this to opportunistically probe\nfor modules which might exist using requestmodule.\n",
                        "flag": "-q",
                        "long": "--quiet"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-R --resolve-alias",
                        "content": "Print all module names matching an alias. This can be useful for debugging module alias\nproblems.\n",
                        "flag": "-R",
                        "long": "--resolve-alias"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-r --remove",
                        "content": "This option causes modprobe to remove rather than insert a module. If the modules it\ndepends on are also unused, modprobe will try to remove them too. Unlike insertion, more\nthan one module can be specified on the command line (it does not make sense to specify\nmodule parameters when removing modules).\n\nThere is usually no reason to remove modules, but some buggy modules require it. Your\ndistribution kernel may not have been built to support removal of modules at all.\n",
                        "flag": "-r",
                        "long": "--remove"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-S --set-version",
                        "content": "Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to decide on the kernel version (which\ndictates where to find the modules).\n",
                        "flag": "-S",
                        "long": "--set-version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--show-depends",
                        "content": "List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including the module itself. This produces\na (possibly empty) set of module filenames, one per line, each starting with \"insmod\" and\nis typically used by distributions to determine which modules to include when generating\ninitrd/initramfs images.  Install commands which apply are shown prefixed by \"install\".\nIt does not run any of the install commands. Note that modinfo(8) can be used to extract\ndependencies of a module from the module itself, but knows nothing of aliases or install\ncommands.\n",
                        "long": "--show-depends"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-s --syslog",
                        "content": "This option causes any error messages to go through the syslog mechanism (as LOGDAEMON\nwith level LOGNOTICE) rather than to standard error. This is also automatically enabled\nwhen stderr is unavailable.\n\nThis option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in\nthe MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable.\n",
                        "flag": "-s",
                        "long": "--syslog"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-V --version",
                        "content": "Show version of program and exit.\n",
                        "flag": "-V",
                        "long": "--version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-v --verbose",
                        "content": "Print messages about what the program is doing. Usually modprobe only prints messages if\nsomething goes wrong.\n\nThis option is passed through install or remove commands to other modprobe commands in\nthe MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable.\n",
                        "flag": "-v",
                        "long": "--verbose"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "ENVIRONMENT": {
                "content": "The MODPROBEOPTIONS environment variable can also be used to pass arguments to modprobe.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "COPYRIGHT": {
                "content": "This manual page originally Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation. Maintained by Jon\nMasters and others.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "SEE ALSO": {
                "content": "modprobe.d(5), insmod(8), rmmod(8), lsmod(8), modinfo(8) depmod(8)\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "AUTHORS": {
                "content": "Jon Masters <jcm@jonmasters.org>\nDeveloper\n\nRobby Workman <rworkman@slackware.com>\nDeveloper\n\nLucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>\nDeveloper\n\n\n\nkmod                                         04/30/2026                                  MODPROBE(8)",
                "subsections": []
            }
        }
    }
}