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LESSKEY(1)                           General Commands Manual                           LESSKEY(1)

NAME
       lesskey - specify key bindings for less

SYNOPSIS (deprecated)
       lesskey [-o output] [--] [input]
       lesskey [--output=output] [--] [input]
       lesskey -V
       lesskey --version

SCOPE
       This  document describes the format of the lesskey source file, which is used by less ver-
       sion 582 and later.  In previous versions of less, a separate program called  lesskey  was
       used  to  compile the lesskey source file into a format understood by less.  This compila-
       tion step is no longer required and the lesskey program is therefore  deprecated  although
       the file format remains supported by less itself.

FILE FORMAT
       The  input  file  consists  of one or more sections.  Each section starts with a line that
       identifies the type of section.  Possible sections are:

       #command
              Defines new command keys.

       #line-edit
              Defines new line-editing keys.

       #env   Defines environment variables.

       Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are ignored, except for  the  spe-
       cial section header lines.

COMMAND SECTION
       The command section begins with the line

       #command

       If  the  command  section is the first section in the file, this line may be omitted.  The
       command section consists of lines of the form:

            string <whitespace> action [extra-string] <newline>

       Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs.  The string is  the  command
       key(s)  which invoke the action.  The string may be a single command key, or a sequence of
       up to 15 keys.  The action is the name of the less action, from the list below.  The char-
       acters in the string may appear literally, or be prefixed by a caret to indicate a control
       key.  A backslash followed by one to three octal digits may be used to specify a character
       by its octal value.  A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input characters
       as follows:

       \b     BACKSPACE

       \e     ESCAPE

       \n     NEWLINE

       \r     RETURN

       \t     TAB

       \ku    UP ARROW

       \kd    DOWN ARROW

       \kr    RIGHT ARROW

       \kl    LEFT ARROW

       \kU    PAGE UP

       \kD    PAGE DOWN

       \kh    HOME

       \ke    END

       \kx    DELETE

       A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be taken liter-
       ally.   Characters  which  must be preceded by backslash include caret, space, tab and the
       backslash itself.

       An action may be followed by an "extra" string.  When such a command is entered while run-
       ning  less,  the  action  is performed, and then the extra string is parsed, just as if it
       were typed in to less.  This feature can be used in certain cases to extend the  function-
       ality of a command.  For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below.  The
       extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action: when less quits, the first char-
       acter of the extra string is used as its exit status.

EXAMPLE
       The following input file describes the set of default command keys used by less:

            #command
            \r         forw-line
            \n         forw-line
            e          forw-line
            j          forw-line
            \kd        forw-line
            ^E         forw-line
            ^N         forw-line
            k          back-line
            y          back-line
            ^Y         back-line
            ^K         back-line
            ^P         back-line
            J          forw-line-force
            K          back-line-force
            Y          back-line-force
            d          forw-scroll
            ^D         forw-scroll
            u          back-scroll
            ^U         back-scroll
            \40        forw-screen
            f          forw-screen
            ^F         forw-screen
            ^V         forw-screen
            \kD        forw-screen
            b          back-screen
            ^B         back-screen
            \ev        back-screen
            \kU        back-screen
            z          forw-window
            w          back-window
            \e\40      forw-screen-force
            F          forw-forever
            \eF        forw-until-hilite
            R          repaint-flush
            r          repaint
            ^R         repaint

            ^L         repaint
            \eu        undo-hilite
            \eU        clear-search
            g          goto-line
            \kh        goto-line
            <          goto-line
            \e<        goto-line
            p          percent
            %          percent
            \e[        left-scroll
            \e]        right-scroll
            \e(        left-scroll
            \e)        right-scroll
            \kl        left-scroll
            \kr        right-scroll
            \e{        no-scroll
            \e}        end-scroll
            {          forw-bracket {}
            }          back-bracket {}
            (          forw-bracket ()
            )          back-bracket ()
            [          forw-bracket []
            ]          back-bracket []
            \e^F       forw-bracket
            \e^B       back-bracket
            G          goto-end
            \e>        goto-end
            >          goto-end
            \ke        goto-end
            \eG        goto-end-buffered
            =          status
            ^G         status
            :f         status
            /          forw-search
            ?          back-search
            \e/        forw-search *
            \e?        back-search *
            n          repeat-search
            \en        repeat-search-all
            N          reverse-search
            \eN        reverse-search-all
            &          filter
            m          set-mark
            M          set-mark-bottom
            \em        clear-mark
            '          goto-mark
            ^X^X       goto-mark
            E          examine
            :e         examine
            ^X^V       examine
            :n         next-file
            :p         prev-file
            t          next-tag
            T          prev-tag
            :x         index-file
            :d         remove-file
            -          toggle-option
            :t         toggle-option t
            s          toggle-option o
            _          display-option
            |          pipe
            v          visual
            !          shell
            +          firstcmd
            H          help
            h          help

            V          version
            0          digit
            1          digit
            2          digit
            3          digit
            4          digit
            5          digit
            6          digit
            7          digit
            8          digit
            9          digit
            q          quit
            Q          quit
            :q         quit
            :Q         quit
            ZZ         quit

PRECEDENCE
       Commands  specified  by lesskey take precedence over the default commands.  A default com-
       mand key may be disabled by including it in the input file with the action "invalid".  Al-
       ternatively,  a  key  may be defined to do nothing by using the action "noaction".  "noac-
       tion" is similar to "invalid", but less will give an error beep for an "invalid"  command,
       but  not  for  a "noaction" command.  In addition, ALL default commands may be disabled by
       adding this control line to the input file:

       #stop

       This will cause all default commands to be ignored.  The #stop line  should  be  the  last
       line in that section of the file.

       Be  aware  that #stop can be dangerous.  Since all default commands are disabled, you must
       provide sufficient commands before the #stop line to enable all  necessary  actions.   For
       example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to frustration.

LINE EDITING SECTION
       The line-editing section begins with the line:

       #line-edit

       This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing commands, in a manner similar
       to the way key bindings for ordinary commands are specified in the #command section.   The
       line-editing  section consists of a list of keys and actions, one per line as in the exam-
       ple below.

EXAMPLE
       The following input file describes the set of default line-editing keys used by less:

            #line-edit
            \t           forw-complete
            \17          back-complete
            \e\t         back-complete
            ^L           expand
            ^V           literal
            ^A           literal
            \el          right
            \kr          right
            \eh          left
            \kl          left
            \eb          word-left
            \e\kl        word-left
            \ew          word-right
            \e\kr        word-right
            \ei          insert
            \ex          delete

            \kx          delete
            \eX          word-delete
            \ekx         word-delete
            \e\b         word-backspace
            \e0          home
            \kh          home
            \e$          end
            \ke          end
            \ek          up
            \ku          up
            \ej          down
            ^G           abort

LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The environment variable section begins with the line

       #env

       Following this line is a list of environment variable assignments.  Each line consists  of
       an environment variable name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be assigned to the envi-
       ronment variable.  White space before and after the equals sign is ignored.  Variables as-
       signed in this way are visible only to less.  If a variable is specified in the system en-
       vironment and also in a lesskey file, the value in the lesskey file takes precedence.  Al-
       though the lesskey file can be used to override variables set in the environment, the main
       purpose of assigning variables in the lesskey file is simply to have all  less  configura-
       tion information stored in one file.

EXAMPLE
       The  following input file sets the -i option whenever less is run, and specifies the char-
       acter set to be "latin1":

                 #env
                 LESS = -i
                 LESSCHARSET = latin1

SEE ALSO
       less(1)

WARNINGS
       On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of characters which start with  a
       NUL character (0).  This NUL character should be represented as \340 in a lesskey file.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 1984-2021  Mark Nudelman

       less is part of the GNU project and is free software.  You can redistribute it and/or mod-
       ify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU General Public License as  published  by  the
       Free  Software  Foundation; or (2) the Less License.  See the file README in the less dis-
       tribution for more details regarding redistribution.  You should have received a  copy  of
       the  GNU  General Public License along with the source for less; see the file COPYING.  If
       not, write to the Free Software  Foundation,  59  Temple  Place,  Suite  330,  Boston,  MA
       02111-1307,  USA.   You should also have received a copy of the Less License; see the file
       LICENSE.

       less is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without
       even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
       GNU General Public License for more details.

AUTHOR
       Mark Nudelman
       Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues.

                                     Version 590: 03 Jun 2021                          LESSKEY(1)

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