# phpman > man > ip(8) [IP(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/IP/8/markdown) Linux [IP(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/IP/8/markdown) ## NAME ip - show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels ## SYNOPSIS **ip** [ _OPTIONS_ ] _OBJECT_ { _COMMAND_ | **help** } **ip** [ **-force** ] **-batch** _filename_ _OBJECT_ := { **link** | **address** | **addrlabel** | **route** | **rule** | **neigh** | **ntable** | **tunnel** | **tuntap** | **maddress** | **mroute** | **mrule** | **monitor** | **xfrm** | **netns** | **l2tp** | **tcp**___**metrics** | **token** | **macsec** | **vrf** | **mptcp** | **ioam** } _OPTIONS_ := { **-V**[_ersion_] | **-h**[_uman-readable_] | **-s**[_tatistics_] | **-d**[_etails_] | **-r**[_esolve_] | **-iec** | **-f**[_amily_] { **inet** | **inet6** | **link** } | **-4** | **-6** | **-B** | **-0** | **-l**[_oops_] { **maximum-addr-** **flush-attempts** } | **-o**[_neline_] | **-rc**[_vbuf_] [**size**] | **-t**[_imestamp_] | **-ts**[_hort_] | **-n**[_etns_] name | **-N**[_umeric_] | **-a**[_ll_] | **-c**[_olor_] | **-br**[_ief_] | **-j**[son] | **-p**[retty] } ## OPTIONS ### -V -Version Print the version of the **ip** utility and exit. ### -h -human -human-readable output statistics with human readable values followed by suffix. ### -b -batch Read commands from provided file or standard input and invoke them. First failure will cause termination of ip. ### -force of the commands, the application return code will be non zero. ### -s -stats -statistics Output more information. If the option appears twice or more, the amount of informa‐ tion increases. As a rule, the information is statistics or some time values. ### -d -details Output more detailed information. ### -l -loops Specify maximum number of loops the 'ip address flush' logic will attempt before giv‐ ing up. The default is 10. Zero (0) means loop until all addresses are removed. ### -f -family Specifies the protocol family to use. The protocol family identifier can be one of **inet**, **inet6**, **bridge**, **mpls** or **link**. If this option is not present, the protocol family is guessed from other arguments. If the rest of the command line does not give enough information to guess the family, **ip** falls back to the default one, usually **inet** or **any**. **link** is a special family identifier meaning that no networking protocol is in‐ volved. ### -4 -family ### -6 -family ### -B -family ### -M -family ### -0 -family ### -o -oneline output each record on a single line, replacing line feeds with the **'\'** character. This is convenient when you want to count records with [**wc**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/wc/1/markdown) or to [**grep**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grep/1/markdown) the output. ### -r -resolve use the system's name resolver to print DNS names instead of host addresses. ### -n -netns switches **ip** to the specified network namespace _NETNS_. Actually it just simplifies ex‐ ecuting of: **ip** **netns** **exec** _NETNS_ **ip** [ _OPTIONS_ ] _OBJECT_ { _COMMAND_ | **help** } to **ip** -n[etns] _NETNS_ [ _OPTIONS_ ] _OBJECT_ { _COMMAND_ | **help** } ### -N -Numeric Print the number of protocol, scope, dsfield, etc directly instead of converting it to human readable name. ### -a -all executes specified command over all objects, it depends if command supports this op‐ tion. ### -c Configure color output. If parameter is omitted or **always**, color output is enabled re‐ gardless of stdout state. If parameter is **auto**, stdout is checked to be a terminal be‐ fore enabling color output. If parameter is **never**, color output is disabled. If speci‐ fied multiple times, the last one takes precedence. This flag is ignored if **-json** is also given. Used color palette can be influenced by **COLORFGBG** environment variable (see **ENVIRON**‐‐ **MENT**). ### -t -timestamp display current time when using monitor option. ### -ts -tshort Like **-timestamp**, but use shorter format. ### -rc -rcvbuf Set the netlink socket receive buffer size, defaults to 1MB. ### -iec ### -br -brief Print only basic information in a tabular format for better readability. This option is currently only supported by **ip** **addr** **show** , **ip** **link** **show** & **ip** **neigh** **show** commands. ### -j -json Output results in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). ### -p -pretty The default JSON format is compact and more efficient to parse but hard for most users to read. This flag adds indentation for readability. ## IP - COMMAND SYNTAX _OBJECT_ ### address - protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device. ### addrlabel - label configuration for protocol address selection. **ioam** - manage IOAM namespaces and IOAM schemas. **l2tp** - tunnel ethernet over IP (L2TPv3). **link** - network device. ### maddress - multicast address. ### monitor - watch for netlink messages. **mptcp** - manage MPTCP path manager. **mroute** - multicast routing cache entry. **mrule** - rule in multicast routing policy database. ### neighbour - manage ARP or NDISC cache entries. **netns** - manage network namespaces. **ntable** - manage the neighbor cache's operation. **route** - routing table entry. **rule** - rule in routing policy database. **tcp**___**metrics/tcpmetrics** - manage TCP Metrics **token** - manage tokenized interface identifiers. **tunnel** - tunnel over IP. **tuntap** - manage TUN/TAP devices. **vrf** - manage virtual routing and forwarding devices. **xfrm** - manage IPSec policies. The names of all objects may be written in full or abbreviated form, for example **address** can be abbreviated as **addr** or just **a.** _COMMAND_ Specifies the action to perform on the object. The set of possible actions depends on the object type. As a rule, it is possible to **add**, **delete** and **show** (or **list** ) objects, but some objects do not allow all of these operations or have some additional commands. The **help** com‐ mand is available for all objects. It prints out a list of available commands and argument syntax conventions. If no command is given, some default command is assumed. Usually it is **list** or, if the ob‐ jects of this class cannot be listed, **help**. ## ENVIRONMENT **COLORFGBG** If set, it's value is used for detection whether background is dark or light and use contrast colors for it. COLORFGBG environment variable usually contains either two or three values separated by semicolons; we want the last value in either case. If this value is 0-6 or 8, chose colors suitable for dark background: COLORFGBG=";0" ip -c a ## EXIT STATUS Exit status is 0 if command was successful, and 1 if there is a syntax error. If an error was reported by the kernel exit status is 2. ## EXAMPLES ip addr Shows addresses assigned to all network interfaces. ip neigh Shows the current neighbour table in kernel. ip link set x up Bring up interface x. ip link set x down Bring down interface x. ip route Show table routes. ## HISTORY **ip** was written by Alexey N. Kuznetsov and added in Linux 2.2. ## SEE ALSO [**ip-address**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-address/8/markdown), [**ip-addrlabel**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-addrlabel/8/markdown), [**ip-ioam**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-ioam/8/markdown), [**ip-l2tp**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-l2tp/8/markdown), [**ip-link**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-link/8/markdown), [**ip-maddress**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-maddress/8/markdown), **ip-moni**‐‐ [**tor**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tor/8/markdown), [**ip-mptcp**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-mptcp/8/markdown), [**ip-mroute**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-mroute/8/markdown), [**ip-neighbour**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-neighbour/8/markdown), [**ip-netns**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-netns/8/markdown), [**ip-ntable**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-ntable/8/markdown), [**ip-route**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-route/8/markdown), [**ip-rule**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-rule/8/markdown), **ip-tcp**___**[metrics**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/metrics/8/markdown), [**ip-token**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-token/8/markdown), [**ip-tunnel**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-tunnel/8/markdown), [**ip-vrf**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-vrf/8/markdown), [**ip-xfrm**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-xfrm/8/markdown) IP Command reference **ip-cref.ps** ## REPORTING BUGS Report any bugs to the Network Developers mailing list **<>** where the de‐ velopment and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be subscribed to the list to send a message there. ## AUTHOR Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <> iproute2 20 Dec 2011 [IP(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/IP/8/markdown)