{
    "content": [
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "# htop (man)\n\n## NAME\n\nhtop, pcp-htop - interactive process viewer\n\n## SYNOPSIS\n\nhtop [-dCFhpustvH]\npcp htop [-dCFhpustvH] [--host/-h host]\n\n## DESCRIPTION\n\nhtop is a cross-platform ncurses-based process viewer.\n\n## TLDR\n\n> Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.\n\n- Start `htop`:\n  `htop`\n- Start `htop` displaying processes owned by a specific user:\n  `htop {{-u|--user}} {{username}}`\n- Display processes hierarchically in a tree view to show the parent-child relationships:\n  `htop {{-t|--tree}}`\n- Sort processes by a specified `sort_item` (use `htop --sort help` for available options):\n  `htop {{-s|--sort}} {{sort_item}}`\n- Start `htop` with the specified delay between updates, in tenths of a second (i.e. 50 = 5 seconds):\n  `htop {{-d|--delay}} {{50}}`\n- Disable all system and process changing features:\n  `htop --readonly`\n- See interactive commands while running `htop`:\n  `{{<F1>|<?>}}`\n- Switch to a different tab:\n  `<Tab>`\n\n*Source: tldr-pages*\n\n## Sections\n\n- **NAME**\n- **SYNOPSIS**\n- **DESCRIPTION**\n- **COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS** (13 subsections)\n- **INTERACTIVE COMMANDS** (24 subsections)\n- **COLUMNS** (40 subsections)\n- **EXTERNAL LIBRARIES** (2 subsections)\n- **CONFIG FILES**\n- **MEMORY SIZES**\n- **SEE ALSO**\n- **SEE ALSO FOR PCP**\n- **AUTHORS**\n- **COPYRIGHT**\n\nUse structuredContent.sections for detailed options, examples, and full documentation.\n"
        }
    ],
    "structuredContent": {
        "command": "htop",
        "section": "",
        "mode": "man",
        "summary": "htop, pcp-htop - interactive process viewer",
        "synopsis": "htop [-dCFhpustvH]\npcp htop [-dCFhpustvH] [--host/-h host]",
        "tldr_summary": "Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.",
        "tldr_examples": [
            {
                "description": "Start `htop`",
                "command": "htop"
            },
            {
                "description": "Start `htop` displaying processes owned by a specific user",
                "command": "htop {{-u|--user}} {{username}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Display processes hierarchically in a tree view to show the parent-child relationships",
                "command": "htop {{-t|--tree}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Sort processes by a specified `sort_item` (use `htop --sort help` for available options)",
                "command": "htop {{-s|--sort}} {{sort_item}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Start `htop` with the specified delay between updates, in tenths of a second (i.e. 50 = 5 seconds)",
                "command": "htop {{-d|--delay}} {{50}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Disable all system and process changing features",
                "command": "htop --readonly"
            },
            {
                "description": "See interactive commands while running `htop`",
                "command": "{{<F1>|<?>}}"
            },
            {
                "description": "Switch to a different tab",
                "command": "<Tab>"
            }
        ],
        "tldr_source": "official",
        "flags": [
            {
                "flag": "-d",
                "long": "--delay",
                "arg": "DELAY",
                "description": "Delay between updates, in tenths of a second. If the delay value is less than 1, it is increased to 1, i.e. 1/10 second. If the delay value is greater than 100, it is de‐ creased to 100, i.e. 10 seconds."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-C",
                "long": "--no-colour",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Start htop in monochrome mode"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-F",
                "long": "--filter",
                "arg": "FILTER",
                "description": "Filter processes by terms matching the commands. The terms are matched case-insensi‐ tive and as fixed strings (not regexs). You can separate multiple terms with \"|\"."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-h",
                "long": "--help",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Display a help message and exit"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-p",
                "long": "--pid",
                "arg": "PID,PID...",
                "description": "Show only the given PIDs"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-s",
                "long": "--sort-key",
                "arg": "COLUMN",
                "description": "Sort by this column (use --sort-key help for a column list). This will force a list view unless you specify -t at the same time."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-u",
                "long": "--user",
                "arg": "USERNAME|UID",
                "description": "Show only the processes of a given user"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-U",
                "long": "--no-unicode",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Do not use unicode but ASCII characters for graph meters"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-M",
                "long": "--no-mouse",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Disable support of mouse control"
            },
            {
                "flag": "",
                "long": "--readonly",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Disable all system and process changing features"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-V",
                "long": "--version",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Output version information and exit"
            },
            {
                "flag": "-t",
                "long": "--tree",
                "arg": null,
                "description": "Show processes in tree view. This can be used to force a tree view when requesting a sort order with -s."
            },
            {
                "flag": "-H",
                "long": "--highlight-changes",
                "arg": "DELAY",
                "description": "Highlight new and old processes --drop-capabilities[=off|basic|strict] Linux only; requires libcap support. Drop unneeded Linux capabilities. In strict mode features like killing, changing process priorities, and reading process delay accounting information will not work, due to less capabilities held."
            }
        ],
        "examples": [],
        "see_also": [
            {
                "name": "proc",
                "section": "5",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/proc/5/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "top",
                "section": "1",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/top/1/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "free",
                "section": "1",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/free/1/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "ps",
                "section": "1",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ps/1/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "uptime",
                "section": "1",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/uptime/1/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "limits.conf",
                "section": "5",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/limits.conf/5/json"
            }
        ],
        "section_outline": [
            {
                "name": "NAME",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SYNOPSIS",
                "lines": 3,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "DESCRIPTION",
                "lines": 13,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "-d --delay=DELAY",
                        "lines": 4,
                        "flag": "-d",
                        "long": "--delay",
                        "arg": "DELAY"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-C --no-color --no-colour",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-C",
                        "long": "--no-colour"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-F --filter=FILTER",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-F",
                        "long": "--filter",
                        "arg": "FILTER"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-h --help",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-h",
                        "long": "--help"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-p --pid=PID,PID...",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-p",
                        "long": "--pid",
                        "arg": "PID,PID..."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-s --sort-key COLUMN",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-s",
                        "long": "--sort-key",
                        "arg": "COLUMN"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-u --user=USERNAME|UID",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-u",
                        "long": "--user",
                        "arg": "USERNAME|UID"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-U --no-unicode",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-U",
                        "long": "--no-unicode"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-M --no-mouse",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-M",
                        "long": "--no-mouse"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--readonly",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "long": "--readonly"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-V --version",
                        "lines": 2,
                        "flag": "-V",
                        "long": "--version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-t --tree",
                        "lines": 3,
                        "flag": "-t",
                        "long": "--tree"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-H --highlight-changes=DELAY",
                        "lines": 8,
                        "flag": "-H",
                        "long": "--highlight-changes",
                        "arg": "DELAY"
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Tab, Shift-Tab",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Up, Alt-k",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Down, Alt-j",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Left, Alt-h",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Right, Alt-l",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PgUp, PgDn",
                        "lines": 6
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-A, ^",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-E, $",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Space",
                        "lines": 22
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F1, h, ?",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F2, S",
                        "lines": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F3, /",
                        "lines": 7
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F4, \\",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F5, t",
                        "lines": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F6, <, >",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F7, ]",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F8, [",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Shift-F7, }",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Shift-F8, {",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F9, k",
                        "lines": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F10, q",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "a (on multiprocessor machines)",
                        "lines": 33
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-L",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Numbers",
                        "lines": 2
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "COLUMNS",
                "lines": 5,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Command",
                        "lines": 37
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STATE (S)",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SESSION (SID)",
                        "lines": 19
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "UTIME (UTIME+)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STIME (STIME+)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CUTIME (CUTIME+)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CSTIME (CSTIME+)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PRIORITY (PRI)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "NICE (NI)",
                        "lines": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STARTTIME (START)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PROCESSOR (CPU)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_VIRT (VIRT)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_RESIDENT (RES)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_SHARE (SHR)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_TRS (CODE)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_DRS (DATA)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_LRS (LIB)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_SWAP (SWAP)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_PSS (PSS)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_M_PSSWP (PSSWP)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "ST_UID (UID)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_CPU (CPU%)",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_NORM_CPU (NCPU%)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_MEM (MEM%)",
                        "lines": 9
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "TIME (TIME+)",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "RCHAR (RD_CHAR)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "WCHAR (WR_CHAR)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SYSCR (RD_SYSC)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SYSCW (WR_SYSC)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "RBYTES (IO_RBYTES)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "WBYTES (IO_WBYTES)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CNCLWB (IO_CANCEL)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_READ_RATE (DISK READ)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_WRITE_RATE (DISK WRITE)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_RATE (DISK R/W)",
                        "lines": 26
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_PRIORITY (IO)",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_CPU_DELAY (CPUD%)",
                        "lines": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_IO_DELAY (IOD%)",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_SWAP_DELAY (SWAPD%)",
                        "lines": 6
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "All other flags",
                        "lines": 2
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "EXTERNAL LIBRARIES",
                "lines": 5,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "libsystemd",
                        "lines": 9
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "libsensors",
                        "lines": 11
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "CONFIG FILES",
                "lines": 26,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "MEMORY SIZES",
                "lines": 8,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SEE ALSO",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SEE ALSO FOR PCP",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "AUTHORS",
                "lines": 6,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "COPYRIGHT",
                "lines": 9,
                "subsections": []
            }
        ],
        "sections": {
            "NAME": {
                "content": "htop, pcp-htop - interactive process viewer\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "SYNOPSIS": {
                "content": "htop [-dCFhpustvH]\npcp htop [-dCFhpustvH] [--host/-h host]\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "DESCRIPTION": {
                "content": "htop is a cross-platform ncurses-based process viewer.\n\nIt  is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally, and interact us‐\ning a pointing device (mouse).  You can observe all processes running on  the  system,  along\nwith  their  command  line  arguments, as well as view them in a tree format, select multiple\nprocesses and act on them all at once.\n\nTasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs.\n\npcp-htop is a version of htop built using the Performance Co-Pilot  (PCP)  Metrics  API  (see\nPCPIntro(1),  PMAPI(3)),  allowing  to  extend htop to display values from arbitrary metrics.\nSee the section below titled CONFIG FILES for further details.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS": {
                "content": "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "-d --delay=DELAY",
                        "content": "Delay between updates, in tenths of a second. If the delay value is less than 1, it is\nincreased to 1, i.e. 1/10 second. If the delay value is greater than 100,  it  is  de‐\ncreased to 100, i.e. 10 seconds.\n",
                        "flag": "-d",
                        "long": "--delay",
                        "arg": "DELAY"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-C --no-color --no-colour",
                        "content": "Start htop in monochrome mode\n",
                        "flag": "-C",
                        "long": "--no-colour"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-F --filter=FILTER",
                        "content": "Filter  processes  by terms matching the commands. The terms are matched case-insensi‐\ntive and as fixed strings (not regexs). You can separate multiple terms with \"|\".\n",
                        "flag": "-F",
                        "long": "--filter",
                        "arg": "FILTER"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-h --help",
                        "content": "Display a help message and exit\n",
                        "flag": "-h",
                        "long": "--help"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-p --pid=PID,PID...",
                        "content": "Show only the given PIDs\n",
                        "flag": "-p",
                        "long": "--pid",
                        "arg": "PID,PID..."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-s --sort-key COLUMN",
                        "content": "Sort by this column (use --sort-key help for a column list).  This will force  a  list\nview unless you specify -t at the same time.\n",
                        "flag": "-s",
                        "long": "--sort-key",
                        "arg": "COLUMN"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-u --user=USERNAME|UID",
                        "content": "Show only the processes of a given user\n",
                        "flag": "-u",
                        "long": "--user",
                        "arg": "USERNAME|UID"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-U --no-unicode",
                        "content": "Do not use unicode but ASCII characters for graph meters\n",
                        "flag": "-U",
                        "long": "--no-unicode"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-M --no-mouse",
                        "content": "Disable support of mouse control\n",
                        "flag": "-M",
                        "long": "--no-mouse"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "--readonly",
                        "content": "Disable all system and process changing features\n",
                        "long": "--readonly"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-V --version",
                        "content": "Output version information and exit\n",
                        "flag": "-V",
                        "long": "--version"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-t --tree",
                        "content": "Show  processes  in tree view. This can be used to force a tree view when requesting a\nsort order with -s.\n",
                        "flag": "-t",
                        "long": "--tree"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "-H --highlight-changes=DELAY",
                        "content": "Highlight new and old processes\n\n--drop-capabilities[=off|basic|strict]\nLinux only; requires libcap support.\nDrop unneeded Linux capabilities.  In strict  mode  features  like  killing,  changing\nprocess  priorities,  and  reading process delay accounting information will not work,\ndue to less capabilities held.\n",
                        "flag": "-H",
                        "long": "--highlight-changes",
                        "arg": "DELAY"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS": {
                "content": "The following commands are supported while in htop:\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Tab, Shift-Tab",
                        "content": "Select the next / the previous screen tab to display.  You can enable showing the screen\ntab names in the Setup screen (F2).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Up, Alt-k",
                        "content": "Select (highlight) the previous process in the process list. Scroll the list  if  neces‐\nsary.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Down, Alt-j",
                        "content": "Select (highlight) the next process in the process list. Scroll the list if necessary.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Left, Alt-h",
                        "content": "Scroll the process list left.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Right, Alt-l",
                        "content": "Scroll the process list right.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PgUp, PgDn",
                        "content": "Scroll the process list up or down one window.\n\nHome Scroll to the top of the process list and select the first process.\n\nEnd  Scroll to the bottom of the process list and select the last process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-A, ^",
                        "content": "Scroll left to the beginning of the process entry (i.e. beginning of line).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-E, $",
                        "content": "Scroll right to the end of the process entry (i.e. end of line).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Space",
                        "content": "Tag  or  untag  a process. Commands that can operate on multiple processes, like \"kill\",\nwill then apply over the list of tagged processes, instead of the currently  highlighted\none.\n\nc    Tag  the  current  process  and  its  children.  Commands  that  can operate on multiple\nprocesses, like \"kill\", will then apply over the list of tagged  processes,  instead  of\nthe currently highlighted one.\n\nU    Untag all processes (remove all tags added with the Space or c keys).\n\ns    Trace  process system calls: if strace(1) is installed, pressing this key will attach it\nto the currently selected process, presenting a live update of system  calls  issued  by\nthe process.\n\nl    Display  open  files for a process: if lsof(1) is installed, pressing this key will dis‐\nplay the list of file descriptors opened by the process.\n\nw    Display the command line of the selected process in a separate screen, wrapped onto mul‐\ntiple lines as needed.\n\nx    Display the active file locks of the selected process in a separate screen.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F1, h, ?",
                        "content": "Go to the help screen\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F2, S",
                        "content": "Go to the setup screen, where you can configure the meters displayed at the top  of  the\nscreen,  set  various  display  options,  choose  among  color schemes, and select which\ncolumns are displayed, in which order.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F3, /",
                        "content": "Incrementally search the command lines of all the displayed processes. The currently se‐\nlected (highlighted) command will update as you type. While in search mode, pressing  F3\nwill cycle through matching occurrences.  Pressing Shift-F3 will cycle backwards.\n\nAlternatively  the  search  can  be started by simply typing the command you are looking\nfor, although for the first character normal key bindings take precedence.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F4, \\",
                        "content": "Incremental process filtering: type in part of a process command line and only processes\nwhose names match will be shown. To cancel filtering, enter the Filter option again  and\npress  Esc.   The matching is done case-insensitive. Terms are fixed strings (no regex).\nYou can separate multiple terms with \"|\".\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F5, t",
                        "content": "Tree view: organize processes by parenthood, and layout the relations between them as  a\ntree.  Toggling the key will switch between tree and your previously selected sort view.\nSelecting a sort view will exit tree view.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F6, <, >",
                        "content": "Selects a field for sorting, also accessible through < and >.  The current sort field is\nindicated by a highlight in the header.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F7, ]",
                        "content": "Increase the selected process's priority (subtract from 'nice' value).  This can only be\ndone by the superuser.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F8, [",
                        "content": "Decrease the selected process's priority (add to 'nice' value)\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Shift-F7, }",
                        "content": "Increase the selected process's  autogroup  priority  (subtract  from  autogroup  'nice'\nvalue).  This can only be done by the superuser.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Shift-F8, {",
                        "content": "Decrease the selected process's autogroup priority (add to autogroup 'nice' value)\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F9, k",
                        "content": "\"Kill\"  process:  sends  a  signal  which  is  selected  in a menu, to one or a group of\nprocesses. If processes were tagged, sends the signal to all tagged processes.  If  none\nis tagged, sends to the currently selected process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "F10, q",
                        "content": "Quit\n\nI    Invert  the  sort  order:  if  sort order is increasing, switch to decreasing, and vice-\nversa.\n\n+, -, *\nWhen in tree view mode, expand or collapse subtree. When a subtree is  collapsed  a  \"+\"\nsign  shows  to  the left of the process name.  Pressing \"*\" will expand or collapse all\nchildren of PIDs without parents, so typically PID 1  (init)  and  PID  2  (kthreadd  on\nLinux, if kernel threads are shown).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "a (on multiprocessor machines)",
                        "content": "Set CPU affinity: mark which CPUs a process is allowed to use.\n\nu    Show only processes owned by a specified user.\n\nN    Sort by PID.\n\nM    Sort by memory usage (top compatibility key).\n\nP    Sort by processor usage (top compatibility key).\n\nT    Sort by time (top compatibility key).\n\nF    \"Follow\" process: if the sort order causes the currently selected process to move in the\nlist,  make  the  selection bar follow it. This is useful for monitoring a process: this\nway, you can keep a process always visible on screen. When a movement key is used, \"fol‐\nlow\" loses effect.\n\nK    Hide kernel threads: prevent the threads belonging the kernel to  be  displayed  in  the\nprocess list. (This is a toggle key.)\n\nH    Hide  user  threads:  on systems that represent them differently than ordinary processes\n(such as recent NPTL-based systems), this can hide threads from userspace  processes  in\nthe process list. (This is a toggle key.)\n\nO    Hide  containerized  processes: prevent processes running in a container from being dis‐\nplayed in the process list. (This is a toggle key.)\n\np    Show full paths to running programs, where applicable. (This is a toggle key.)\n\nZ    Pause/resume process updates.\n\nm    Merge exe, comm and cmdline, where applicable. (This is a toggle key.)\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ctrl-L",
                        "content": "Refresh: redraw screen and recalculate values.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Numbers",
                        "content": "PID search: type in process ID and the selection highlight will be moved to it.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "COLUMNS": {
                "content": "The following columns can display data about each process. A value of '-' in all the rows in‐\ndicates that a column is unsupported on your system, or currently unimplemented in htop.  The\nnames below are the ones used in the \"Available Columns\" section of the setup  screen.  If  a\ndifferent name is shown in htop's main screen, it is shown below in parenthesis.\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Command",
                        "content": "The full command line of the process (i.e. program name and arguments).\n\nIf  the  option 'Merge exe, comm and cmdline in Command' (toggled by the 'm' key) is ac‐\ntive, the executable path (/proc/[pid]/exe) and the command name (/proc/[pid]/comm)  are\nalso shown merged with the command line, if available.\n\nThe program basename is highlighted if set in the configuration. Additional highlighting\ncan be configured for stale executables (cf. EXE column below).\n\nCOMM The command name of the process obtained from /proc/[pid]/comm, if readable.\n\nRequires Linux kernel 2.6.33 or newer.\n\nEXE  The   abbreviated   basename   of   the   executable   of  the  process,  obtained  from\n/proc/[pid]/exe, if readable. htop is able to read  this  file  on  linux  for  ALL  the\nprocesses only if it has the capability CAPSYSPTRACE or root privileges.\n\nThe  basename  is  marked  in red if the executable used to run the process has been re‐\nplaced or deleted on disk since the process started. The information is obtained by pro‐\ncessing the contents of /proc/[pid]/exe.\n\nFurthermore the basename is marked in yellow if any library is reported as  having  been\nreplaced  or  deleted  on  disk since it was last loaded. The information is obtained by\nprocessing the contents of /proc/[pid]/maps.\n\nWhen deciding the color the replacement of the main executable always  takes  precedence\nover replacement of any other library. If only the memory map indicates a replacement of\nthe  main  executable,  this  will  show  as  if  any other library had been replaced or\ndeleted.\n\nThis additional color markup can be configured in the \"Display Options\" section  of  the\nsetup screen.\n\nDisplaying EXE requires CAPSYSPTRACE and PTRACEMODEREADFSCRED.\n\nPID  The process ID.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STATE (S)",
                        "content": "The state of the process:\nS for sleeping\nI for idle (longer inactivity than sleeping on platforms that distinguish)\nR for running\nD for disk sleep (uninterruptible)\nZ for zombie (waiting for parent to read its exit status)\nT for traced or suspended (e.g by SIGTSTP)\nW for paging\n\nPPID The parent process ID.\n\nPGRP The process's group ID.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SESSION (SID)",
                        "content": "The process's session ID.\n\nTTY  The controlling terminal of the process.\n\nTPGID\nThe process ID of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.\n\nMINFLT\nThe number of page faults happening in the main memory.\n\nCMINFLT\nThe number of minor faults for the process's waited-for children (see MINFLT above).\n\nMAJFLT\nThe number of page faults happening out of the main memory.\n\nCMAJFLT\nThe number of major faults for the process's waited-for children (see MAJFLT above).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "UTIME (UTIME+)",
                        "content": "The  user  CPU  time, which is the amount of time the process has spent executing on the\nCPU in user mode (i.e. everything but system calls), measured in clock ticks.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STIME (STIME+)",
                        "content": "The system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent  executing  system\ncalls on behalf of the process, measured in clock ticks.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CUTIME (CUTIME+)",
                        "content": "The children's user CPU time, which is the amount of time the process's waited-for chil‐\ndren have spent executing in user mode (see UTIME above).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CSTIME (CSTIME+)",
                        "content": "The children's system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent execut‐\ning system calls on behalf of all the process's waited-for children (see STIME above).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PRIORITY (PRI)",
                        "content": "The kernel's internal priority for the process, usually just its nice value plus twenty.\nDifferent for real-time processes.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "NICE (NI)",
                        "content": "The nice value of a process, from 19 (low priority) to -20 (high priority). A high value\nmeans  the  process  is  being nice, letting others have a higher relative priority. The\nusual OS permission restrictions for adjusting priority apply.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "STARTTIME (START)",
                        "content": "The time the process was started.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PROCESSOR (CPU)",
                        "content": "The ID of the CPU the process last executed on.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_VIRT (VIRT)",
                        "content": "The size of the virtual memory of the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_RESIDENT (RES)",
                        "content": "The resident set size (text + data + stack)  of  the  process  (i.e.  the  size  of  the\nprocess's used physical memory).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_SHARE (SHR)",
                        "content": "The size of the process's shared pages.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_TRS (CODE)",
                        "content": "The text resident set size of the process (i.e. the size of the process's executable in‐\nstructions).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_DRS (DATA)",
                        "content": "The  data resident set size (data + stack) of the process (i.e. the size of anything ex‐\ncept the process's executable instructions).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_LRS (LIB)",
                        "content": "The library size of the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_SWAP (SWAP)",
                        "content": "The size of the process's swapped pages.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_PSS (PSS)",
                        "content": "The proportional set size, same as MRESIDENT but each page is divided by the number  of\nprocesses sharing it.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "M_M_PSSWP (PSSWP)",
                        "content": "The  proportional  swap share of this mapping, unlike MSWAP this does not take into ac‐\ncount swapped out page of underlying shmem objects.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "ST_UID (UID)",
                        "content": "The user ID of the process owner.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_CPU (CPU%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of the CPU time that the process is currently using.  This is the default\nway to represent CPU usage in Linux. Each process can consume up to 100% which means the\nfull capacity of the core it is running on. This is sometimes called \"Irix mode\" e.g. in\ntop(1).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_NORM_CPU (NCPU%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of the CPU time that the process is currently  using  normalized  by  CPU\ncount. This is sometimes called \"Solaris mode\" e.g. in top(1).\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_MEM (MEM%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of memory the process is currently using (based on the process's resident\nmemory size, see MRESIDENT above).\n\nUSER The username of the process owner, or the user ID if the name can't be determined.\n\nOn  Linux the username is highlighted if the process has elevated privileges, i.e. if it\nhas been started from binaries with file capabilities set or  retained  Linux  capabili‐\nties, via the ambient set, after switching from the root user.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "TIME (TIME+)",
                        "content": "The  time,  measured  in  clock ticks that the process has spent in user and system time\n(see UTIME, STIME above).\n\nNLWP The number of Light-Weight Processes (=threads) in the process.\n\nTGID The thread group ID.\n\nCTID OpenVZ container ID, a.k.a virtual environment ID.\n\nVPID OpenVZ process ID.\n\nVXID VServer process ID.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "RCHAR (RD_CHAR)",
                        "content": "The number of bytes the process has read.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "WCHAR (WR_CHAR)",
                        "content": "The number of bytes the process has written.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SYSCR (RD_SYSC)",
                        "content": "The number of read(2) syscalls for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "SYSCW (WR_SYSC)",
                        "content": "The number of write(2) syscalls for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "RBYTES (IO_RBYTES)",
                        "content": "Bytes of read(2) I/O for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "WBYTES (IO_WBYTES)",
                        "content": "Bytes of write(2) I/O for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "CNCLWB (IO_CANCEL)",
                        "content": "Bytes of cancelled write(2) I/O.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_READ_RATE (DISK READ)",
                        "content": "The I/O rate of read(2) in bytes per second, for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_WRITE_RATE (DISK WRITE)",
                        "content": "The I/O rate of write(2) in bytes per second, for the process.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_RATE (DISK R/W)",
                        "content": "The I/O rate, IOREADRATE + IOWRITERATE (see above).\n\nCGROUP\nWhich cgroup the process is in. For a shortened view see the CCGROUP column below.\n\nCCGROUP\nShortened view of the cgroup name that the process is in.  This performs  some  pattern-\nbased replacements to shorten the displayed string and thus condense the information.\n/*.slice is shortened to /[*] (exceptions below)\n/system.slice is shortened to /[S]\n/user.slice is shortened to /[U]\n/user-*.slice is shortened to /[U:*] (directly preceding /[U] before dropped)\n/machine.slice is shortened to /[M]\n/machine-*.scope  is shortened to /[SNC:*] (SNC: systemd nspawn container), uppercase\nfor the monitor\n/lxc.monitor.* is shortened to /[LXC:*]\n/lxc.payload.* is shortened to /[lxc:*]\n/*.scope is shortened to /!*\n/*.service is shortened to /* (suffix removed)\n\nEncountered escape sequences (e.g. from systemd) inside the cgroup name are not decoded.\n\nOOM  OOM killer score.\n\nCTXT Incremental sum of voluntary and nonvoluntary context switches.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "IO_PRIORITY (IO)",
                        "content": "The I/O scheduling class followed by the priority if the class supports it:\nR for Realtime\nB for Best-effort\nid for Idle\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_CPU_DELAY (CPUD%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of time spent waiting for a CPU (while runnable). Requires CAPNETADMIN.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_IO_DELAY (IOD%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of time spent waiting for the completion of synchronous  block  I/O.  Re‐\nquires CAPNETADMIN.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "PERCENT_SWAP_DELAY (SWAPD%)",
                        "content": "The percentage of time spent swapping in pages. Requires CAPNETADMIN.\n\nAGRP The autogroup identifier for the process. Requires Linux CFS to be enabled.\n\nANI  The autogroup nice value for the process autogroup. Requires Linux CFS to be enabled.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "All other flags",
                        "content": "Currently unsupported (always displays '-').\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "EXTERNAL LIBRARIES": {
                "content": "While  htop  depends  on most of the libraries it uses at build time there are two noteworthy\nexceptions to this rule. These exceptions both relate to data displayed in  meters  displayed\nin  the  header  of  htop and were intentionally created as optional runtime dependencies in‐\nstead.  These exceptions are described below:\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "libsystemd",
                        "content": "The bindings for libsystemd are used in the SystemD meter to determine the  number  of\nactive  services  and the overall system state. Looking for the functions to determine\nthese information at runtime allows for builds to support these meters without forcing\nthe package manager to install these libraries on systems  that  otherwise  don't  use\nsystemd.\n\nSummary:  no  build time dependency, optional runtime dependency on libsystemd via dy‐\nnamic loading, with systemctl(1) fallback.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "libsensors",
                        "content": "The bindings for libsensors are used for the CPU temperature readings in the CPU usage\nmeters if displaying the temperature is enabled through the setup screen. In order for\nhtop to show these temperatures correctly though, a proper configuration of libsensors\nthrough its usual configuration files is assumed and that all CPU cores correspond  to\ntemperature sensors from the coretemp driver with core 0 corresponding to a sensor la‐\nbelled \"Core 0\". The package temperature may be given as \"Package id 0\". If missing it\nis inferred as the maximum value from the available per-core readings.\n\nSummary:  build  time dependency on libsensors(3) C header files, optional runtime de‐\npendency on libsensors(3) via dynamic loading.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "CONFIG FILES": {
                "content": "By default htop reads its configuration from the  XDG-compliant  path  ~/.config/htop/htoprc.\nThe  configuration  file is overwritten upon clean exit by htop's in-program Setup configura‐\ntion, so it should not be hand-edited.  If no user configuration exists htop  tries  to  read\nthe  system-wide  configuration from /etc/htoprc and as a last resort, falls back to its hard\ncoded defaults.\n\nYou may override the location of the configuration file using the $HTOPRC  environment  vari‐\nable (so you can have multiple configurations for different machines that share the same home\ndirectory, for example).\n\nThe  pcp-htop  utility makes use of htoprc in exactly the same way.  In addition, it supports\nadditional configuration files allowing new meters and columns to be added to the display via\nthe usual Setup function, which will display additional Available Meters and Available Column\nentries for each runtime configured meter or column.\n\nThese pcp-htop configuration files are read once at startup.  The format of  these  files  is\ndescribed in detail in the pcp-htop(5) manual page.\n\nThis functionality makes available many thousands of Performance Co-Pilot metrics for display\nby pcp-htop, as well as the ability to display custom metrics added at individual sites.  Ap‐\nplications  and services instrumented using the OpenMetrics format https://openmetrics.io can\nalso be displayed by pcp-htop if the pmdaopenmetrics(1) component is configured.\n\nThe configuration for both htop and pcp-htop is only saved when a clean  exit  is  performed.\nSending any signal will cause all configuration changes to be lost.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "MEMORY SIZES": {
                "content": "Memory  sizes in htop are displayed in a human-readable form.  Sizes are printed in powers of\n1024 using binary IEC units.  If no suffix is shown the units are  implicitly  K  as  in  KiB\n(kibibyte, 1 KiB = 1024 bytes).\n\nThe  decision to use this convention was made in order to conserve screen space and make mem‐\nory size representations consistent throughout htop as allocations are granular to full  mem‐\nory pages (4 KiB for most platforms).\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "SEE ALSO": {
                "content": "proc(5), top(1), free(1), ps(1), uptime(1) and limits.conf(5).\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "SEE ALSO FOR PCP": {
                "content": "pmdaopenmetrics(1), PCPIntro(1), PMAPI(3), and pcp-htop(5).\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "AUTHORS": {
                "content": "htop was originally developed by Hisham Muhammad.  Nowadays it is maintained by the community\nat <htop@groups.io>.\n\npcp-htop  is  maintained  as a collaboration between the <htop@groups.io> and <pcp@groups.io>\ncommunities, and forms part of the Performance Co-Pilot suite of tools.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "COPYRIGHT": {
                "content": "Copyright © 2004-2019 Hisham Muhammad.\nCopyright © 2020-2024 htop dev team.\n\nLicense GPLv2+: GNU General Public License version 2 or, at your option, any later version.\n\nThis is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY,  to\nthe extent permitted by law.\n\nhtop 3.3.0                                      2024                                         HTOP(1)",
                "subsections": []
            }
        }
    }
}