{ "content": [ { "type": "text", "text": "# Xserver (man)\n\n## NAME\n\nXserver - X Window System display server\n\n## SYNOPSIS\n\nX [option ...]\n\n## DESCRIPTION\n\nX is the generic name for the X Window System display server. It is frequently a link or a\ncopy of the appropriate server binary for driving the most frequently used server on a given\nmachine.\n\n## Sections\n\n- **NAME**\n- **SYNOPSIS**\n- **DESCRIPTION**\n- **STARTING THE SERVER**\n- **OPTIONS** (41 subsections)\n- **SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS** (7 subsections)\n- **XDMCP OPTIONS** (10 subsections)\n- **XKEYBOARD OPTIONS** (4 subsections)\n- **NETWORK CONNECTIONS**\n- **GRANTING ACCESS**\n- **SIGNALS**\n- **FONTS**\n- **FILES**\n- **SEE ALSO**\n- **AUTHORS**\n\nUse structuredContent.sections for detailed options, examples, and full documentation.\n" } ], "structuredContent": { "command": "Xserver", "section": "", "mode": "man", "summary": "Xserver - X Window System display server", "synopsis": "X [option ...]", "tldr_summary": null, "tldr_examples": [], "tldr_source": null, "flags": [ { "flag": "-a", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much the user actually moved the pointer)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "mits any host to modify the access control list. Use with extreme caution. This op‐ tion exists primarily for running test suites remotely." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection rejec‐ tions are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful connections and dis‐ connects. Level 4 enables messages from the SECURITY extension, if present, includ‐ ing generation and revocation of authorizations and violations of the security pol‐ icy. Level 0 turns off the audit trail. Audit lines are sent as standard error out‐ put." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used to authen‐ ticate access. See also the xdm(1) and Xsecurity(7) manual pages." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "Asks the driver not to clear the background on startup, if the driver supports that. May be useful for smooth transition with eg. fbdev driver. For security reasons this is not the default as the screen contents might show a previous user session." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "tern. This is the default unless -retro or -wr is specified." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "-c", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "c volume sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets the visual class for the root window of color screens. The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol. Not obeyed by all servers." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "specifies a file descriptor in the launching process. Rather than specify a display number, the X server will attempt to listen on successively higher display numbers, and upon finding a free one, will write the display number back on this file descrip‐ tor as a newline-terminated string. The -pn option is ignored when using -displayfd." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use deferred glyph loading. whichfonts can be all (all fonts), none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the hardware. dpms enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The default state is platform and configuration specific." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "configuration specific." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "disables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, a list of ac‐ cepted extension names is printed. +extensionextensionName enables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, a list of ac‐ cepted extension names is printed." }, { "flag": "-f", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets beep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets fake presenter screen default fps (allowable range: 1-600)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list of directories which the X server searches for font databases. See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default list." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "-I", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "lacks support for many modern OpenGL features and extensions; it's slower than direct contexts; and it opens a large attack surface for protocol parsing errors. This is the default unless +iglx is specified. +iglx Allow creating indirect GLX contexts." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets the maximum big request to size MB." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "disable the display of the pointer cursor." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled with -no‐‐ listen tcp. This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to differ‐ ent transport types. Supported transport types are platform dependent, but commonly include: tcp TCP over IPv4 or IPv6 inet TCP over IPv4 only inet6 TCP over IPv6 only unix UNIX Domain Sockets local Platform preferred local connection method" }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "enables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be enabled with -lis‐‐ ten tcp. This option may be issued multiple times to enable listening to different transport types." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This overrides a previous -terminate command line option." }, { "flag": "-p", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sockets (connection points for clients), but establishes at least one. This option is set by default." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "(connection points for clients)." }, { "flag": "-r", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "r turns on auto-repeat." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor until the first time an application calls XDefineCursor(). For kdrive servers, this implies -zap." }, { "flag": "-s", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "seat to run on. Takes a string identifying a seat in a platform specific syntax. On platforms which support this feature this may be used to limit the server to expose only a specific subset of devices connected to the system." }, { "flag": "-t", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels pointer ac‐ celeration should take effect)." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run. This overrides a previous -noreset command line option. If a delay in seconds is speci‐ fied, the server waits for at least the delay. At the end of this grace period if no client is connected, the server terminates immediately." }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "ttyxx ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init). v sets video-off screen-saver preference." }, { "flag": "-v", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "" }, { "flag": "", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "tern." }, { "flag": "-x", "long": null, "arg": null, "description": "loads the specified extension at init. This is a no-op for most implementations." } ], "examples": [], "see_also": [ { "name": "X", "section": "7", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/X/7/json" }, { "name": "bdftopcf", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bdftopcf/1/json" }, { "name": "mkfontdir", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mkfontdir/1/json" }, { "name": "mkfontscale", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mkfontscale/1/json" }, { "name": "xfs", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfs/1/json" }, { "name": "xlsfonts", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xlsfonts/1/json" }, { "name": "xfontsel", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfontsel/1/json" }, { "name": "xfd", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfd/1/json" }, { "name": "xkeyboard-config", "section": "7", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xkeyboard-config/7/json" }, { "name": "Xsecurity", "section": "7", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xsecurity/7/json" }, { "name": "xauth", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xauth/1/json" }, { "name": "Xau", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xau/1/json" }, { "name": "xdm", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xdm/1/json" }, { "name": "xhost", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xhost/1/json" }, { "name": "xfwp", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xfwp/1/json" }, { "name": "startx", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/startx/1/json" }, { "name": "xdm", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xdm/1/json" }, { "name": "xinit", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xinit/1/json" }, { "name": "xset", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xset/1/json" }, { "name": "xsetroot", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xsetroot/1/json" }, { "name": "xhost", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xhost/1/json" }, { "name": "xinput", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xinput/1/json" }, { "name": "xrandr", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xrandr/1/json" }, { "name": "Xorg", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xorg/1/json" }, { "name": "Xephyr", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xephyr/1/json" }, { "name": "Xnest", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xnest/1/json" }, { "name": "Xvfb", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xvfb/1/json" }, { "name": "Xquartz", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/Xquartz/1/json" }, { "name": "XWin", "section": "1", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/XWin/1/json" } ], "section_outline": [ { "name": "NAME", "lines": 2, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "SYNOPSIS", "lines": 2, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "DESCRIPTION", "lines": 4, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "STARTING THE SERVER", "lines": 20, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "OPTIONS", "lines": 14, "subsections": [ { "name": "-a", "lines": 3, "flag": "-a" }, { "name": "-ac", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-audit", "lines": 7 }, { "name": "-auth", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-background none", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-br", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-bs", "lines": 1 }, { "name": "-c", "lines": 3, "flag": "-c" }, { "name": "-cc", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-core", "lines": 1 }, { "name": "-displayfd", "lines": 5 }, { "name": "-deferglyphs", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-dpi", "lines": 6 }, { "name": "-dpms", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-extension", "lines": 7 }, { "name": "-f", "lines": 2, "flag": "-f" }, { "name": "-fakescreenfps ps", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-fp", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-help", "lines": 1 }, { "name": "-I", "lines": 1, "flag": "-I" }, { "name": "-iglx", "lines": 6 }, { "name": "-maxbigreqsize", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-nocursor", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-nolisten", "lines": 11 }, { "name": "-listen", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-noreset", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-p", "lines": 2, "flag": "-p" }, { "name": "-pn", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-nopn", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-r", "lines": 2, "flag": "-r" }, { "name": "-retro", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-s", "lines": 2, "flag": "-s" }, { "name": "-su", "lines": 1 }, { "name": "-seat", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-t", "lines": 3, "flag": "-t" }, { "name": "-terminate", "lines": 5 }, { "name": "-tst", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-v", "lines": 1, "flag": "-v" }, { "name": "-wr", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-x", "lines": 2, "flag": "-x" }, { "name": "[+-]xinerama", "lines": 3 } ] }, { "name": "SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS", "lines": 2, "subsections": [ { "name": "-ld", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-lf", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-ls", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-maxclients", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-render", "lines": 10 }, { "name": "-dumbSched", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-schedInterval", "lines": 2 } ] }, { "name": "XDMCP OPTIONS", "lines": 3, "subsections": [ { "name": "-query", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-broadcast", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-multicast", "lines": 8 }, { "name": "-indirect", "lines": 2 }, { "name": "-port", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-from", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-once", "lines": 1 }, { "name": "-class", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-cookie", "lines": 4 }, { "name": "-displayID", "lines": 3 } ] }, { "name": "XKEYBOARD OPTIONS", "lines": 8, "subsections": [ { "name": "-xkbdir", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-ardelay", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-arinterval", "lines": 3 }, { "name": "-xkbmap", "lines": 2 } ] }, { "name": "NETWORK CONNECTIONS", "lines": 5, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "GRANTING ACCESS", "lines": 47, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "SIGNALS", "lines": 15, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "FONTS", "lines": 43, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "FILES", "lines": 14, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "SEE ALSO", "lines": 21, "subsections": [] }, { "name": "AUTHORS", "lines": 8, "subsections": [] } ], "sections": { "NAME": { "content": "Xserver - X Window System display server\n", "subsections": [] }, "SYNOPSIS": { "content": "X [option ...]\n", "subsections": [] }, "DESCRIPTION": { "content": "X is the generic name for the X Window System display server. It is frequently a link or a\ncopy of the appropriate server binary for driving the most frequently used server on a given\nmachine.\n", "subsections": [] }, "STARTING THE SERVER": { "content": "The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program xdm(1) or a similar dis‐\nplay manager program. This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keep‐\ning the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up the user ses‐\nsions.\n\nInstallations that run more than one window system may need to use the xinit(1) utility in‐\nstead of a display manager. However, xinit is to be considered a tool for building startup\nscripts and is not intended for use by end users. Site administrators are strongly urged to\nuse a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users.\n\nThe X server may also be started directly by the user, though this method is usually reserved\nfor testing and is not recommended for normal operation. On some platforms, the user must\nhave special permission to start the X server, often because access to certain devices (e.g.\n/dev/mouse) is restricted. Where applicable, the X server notifies systemd when it is ready\nto process requests.\n\nWhen the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display. If you are running on a\nworkstation whose console is the display, you may not be able to log into the console while\nthe server is running.\n", "subsections": [] }, "OPTIONS": { "content": "Many X servers have device-specific command line options. See the manual pages for the indi‐\nvidual servers for more details; a list of server-specific manual pages is provided in the\nSEE ALSO section below.\n\nAll of the X servers accept the command line options described below. Some X servers may\nhave alternative ways of providing the parameters described here, but the values provided via\nthe command line options should override values specified via other mechanisms.\n\n:displaynumber\nThe X server runs as the given displaynumber, which by default is 0. If multiple X\nservers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have a unique display number.\nSee the DISPLAY NAMES section of the X(7) manual page to learn how to specify which\ndisplay number clients should try to use.\n", "subsections": [ { "name": "-a", "content": "sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much the\nuser actually moved the pointer).\n", "flag": "-a" }, { "name": "-ac", "content": "mits any host to modify the access control list. Use with extreme caution. This op‐\ntion exists primarily for running test suites remotely.\n" }, { "name": "-audit", "content": "sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection rejec‐\ntions are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful connections and dis‐\nconnects. Level 4 enables messages from the SECURITY extension, if present, includ‐\ning generation and revocation of authorizations and violations of the security pol‐\nicy. Level 0 turns off the audit trail. Audit lines are sent as standard error out‐\nput.\n" }, { "name": "-auth", "content": "specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used to authen‐\nticate access. See also the xdm(1) and Xsecurity(7) manual pages.\n" }, { "name": "-background none", "content": "Asks the driver not to clear the background on startup, if the driver supports that.\nMay be useful for smooth transition with eg. fbdev driver. For security reasons this\nis not the default as the screen contents might show a previous user session.\n" }, { "name": "-br", "content": "tern. This is the default unless -retro or -wr is specified.\n" }, { "name": "-bs", "content": "" }, { "name": "-c", "content": "c volume\nsets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).\n", "flag": "-c" }, { "name": "-cc", "content": "sets the visual class for the root window of color screens. The class numbers are as\nspecified in the X protocol. Not obeyed by all servers.\n" }, { "name": "-core", "content": "" }, { "name": "-displayfd", "content": "specifies a file descriptor in the launching process. Rather than specify a display\nnumber, the X server will attempt to listen on successively higher display numbers,\nand upon finding a free one, will write the display number back on this file descrip‐\ntor as a newline-terminated string. The -pn option is ignored when using -displayfd.\n" }, { "name": "-deferglyphs", "content": "specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use deferred\nglyph loading. whichfonts can be all (all fonts), none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit\nfonts only).\n" }, { "name": "-dpi", "content": "sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch. To be used when the server\ncannot determine the screen size(s) from the hardware.\n\ndpms enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The default state\nis platform and configuration specific.\n" }, { "name": "-dpms", "content": "configuration specific.\n" }, { "name": "-extension", "content": "disables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, a list of ac‐\ncepted extension names is printed.\n\n+extensionextensionName\nenables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified, a list of ac‐\ncepted extension names is printed.\n" }, { "name": "-f", "content": "sets beep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).\n", "flag": "-f" }, { "name": "-fakescreenfps ps", "content": "sets fake presenter screen default fps (allowable range: 1-600).\n" }, { "name": "-fp", "content": "sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list of directories\nwhich the X server searches for font databases. See the FONTS section of this manual\npage for more information and the default list.\n" }, { "name": "-help", "content": "" }, { "name": "-I", "content": "", "flag": "-I" }, { "name": "-iglx", "content": "lacks support for many modern OpenGL features and extensions; it's slower than direct\ncontexts; and it opens a large attack surface for protocol parsing errors. This is\nthe default unless +iglx is specified.\n\n+iglx Allow creating indirect GLX contexts.\n" }, { "name": "-maxbigreqsize", "content": "sets the maximum big request to size MB.\n" }, { "name": "-nocursor", "content": "disable the display of the pointer cursor.\n" }, { "name": "-nolisten", "content": "disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled with -no‐‐\nlisten tcp. This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to differ‐\nent transport types. Supported transport types are platform dependent, but commonly\ninclude:\n\ntcp TCP over IPv4 or IPv6\ninet TCP over IPv4 only\ninet6 TCP over IPv6 only\nunix UNIX Domain Sockets\nlocal Platform preferred local connection method\n" }, { "name": "-listen", "content": "enables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be enabled with -lis‐‐\nten tcp. This option may be issued multiple times to enable listening to different\ntransport types.\n" }, { "name": "-noreset", "content": "prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This overrides a\nprevious -terminate command line option.\n" }, { "name": "-p", "content": "sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.\n", "flag": "-p" }, { "name": "-pn", "content": "sockets (connection points for clients), but establishes at least one. This option\nis set by default.\n" }, { "name": "-nopn", "content": "(connection points for clients).\n" }, { "name": "-r", "content": "r turns on auto-repeat.\n", "flag": "-r" }, { "name": "-retro", "content": "start with a black root window, and to suppress display of the cursor until the first\ntime an application calls XDefineCursor(). For kdrive servers, this implies -zap.\n" }, { "name": "-s", "content": "sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.\n", "flag": "-s" }, { "name": "-su", "content": "" }, { "name": "-seat", "content": "seat to run on. Takes a string identifying a seat in a platform specific syntax. On\nplatforms which support this feature this may be used to limit the server to expose\nonly a specific subset of devices connected to the system.\n" }, { "name": "-t", "content": "sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels pointer ac‐\nceleration should take effect).\n", "flag": "-t" }, { "name": "-terminate", "content": "causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run. This\noverrides a previous -noreset command line option. If a delay in seconds is speci‐\nfied, the server waits for at least the delay. At the end of this grace period if no\nclient is connected, the server terminates immediately.\n" }, { "name": "-tst", "content": "ttyxx ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init).\n\nv sets video-off screen-saver preference.\n" }, { "name": "-v", "content": "", "flag": "-v" }, { "name": "-wr", "content": "tern.\n" }, { "name": "-x", "content": "loads the specified extension at init. This is a no-op for most implementations.\n", "flag": "-x" }, { "name": "[+-]xinerama", "content": "enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension. The default state is platform and\nconfiguration specific.\n" } ] }, "SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS": { "content": "Some X servers accept the following options:\n", "subsections": [ { "name": "-ld", "content": "sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. A\nvalue of zero makes the data size as large as possible. The default value of -1\nleaves the data space limit unchanged.\n" }, { "name": "-lf", "content": "sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number. A value\nof zero makes the limit as large as possible. The default value of -1 leaves the\nlimit unchanged.\n" }, { "name": "-ls", "content": "sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes. A\nvalue of zero makes the stack size as large as possible. The default value of -1\nleaves the stack space limit unchanged.\n" }, { "name": "-maxclients", "content": "64|128|256|512 Set the maximum number of clients allowed to connect to the X server.\nAcceptable values are 64, 128, 256 or 512.\n" }, { "name": "-render", "content": "render extension.\n\ndefault selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X server.\n\nmono don't use any color cell.\n\ngray use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension.\n\ncolor use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells).\n" }, { "name": "-dumbSched", "content": "disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler.\n" }, { "name": "-schedInterval", "content": "sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to interval milliseconds.\n" } ] }, "XDMCP OPTIONS": { "content": "X servers that support XDMCP have the following options. See the X Display Manager Control\nProtocol specification for more information.\n", "subsections": [ { "name": "-query", "content": "enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified hostname.\n" }, { "name": "-broadcast", "content": "enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The first re‐\nsponding display manager will be chosen for the session.\n" }, { "name": "-multicast", "content": "Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The first re‐\nsponding display manager is chosen for the session. If an address is specified, the\nmulticast is sent to that address. If no address is specified, the multicast is sent\nto the default XDMCP IPv6 multicast group. If a hop count is specified, it is used\nas the maximum hop count for the multicast. If no hop count is specified, the multi‐\ncast is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed beyond\nthe local network.\n" }, { "name": "-indirect", "content": "enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified hostname.\n" }, { "name": "-port", "content": "uses the specified port-number for XDMCP packets, instead of the default. This op‐\ntion must be specified before any -query, -broadcast, -multicast, or -indirect op‐\ntions.\n" }, { "name": "-from", "content": "specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host has multi‐\nple network interfaces). The local-address may be expressed in any form acceptable\nto the host platform's gethostbyname(3) implementation.\n" }, { "name": "-once", "content": "" }, { "name": "-class", "content": "XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for display-spe‐\ncific options. This option sets that value, by default it is \"MIT-unspecified\" (not\na very useful value).\n" }, { "name": "-cookie", "content": "When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the server and the\nmanager. This option sets the value of that private data (not that it is very pri‐\nvate, being on the command line!).\n" }, { "name": "-displayID", "content": "Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to identify\neach display so that it can locate the shared key.\n" } ] }, "XKEYBOARD OPTIONS": { "content": "X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \"XKB\") extension accept the following options.\nAll layout files specified on the command line must be located in the XKB base directory or a\nsubdirectory, and specified as the relative path from the XKB base directory. The default\nXKB base directory is /usr/lib/X11/xkb.\n\n[+-]accessx [ timeout [ timeoutmask [ feedback [ optionsmask ] ] ] ]\nenables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences.\n", "subsections": [ { "name": "-xkbdir", "content": "base directory for keyboard layout files. This option is not available for setuid X\nservers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids are different).\n" }, { "name": "-ardelay", "content": "sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must be de‐\npressed before autorepeat starts).\n" }, { "name": "-arinterval", "content": "sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should elapse be‐\ntween autorepeat-generated keystrokes).\n" }, { "name": "-xkbmap", "content": "loads keyboard description in filename on server startup.\n" } ] }, "NETWORK CONNECTIONS": { "content": "The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of the following\ntransport types: TCP/IP, Unix Domain sockets, and several varieties of SVR4 local connec‐\ntions. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of the X(7) manual page to learn how to specify which\ntransport type clients should try to use.\n", "subsections": [] }, "GRANTING ACCESS": { "content": "The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following authorization protocols:\nMIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5.\nSee the Xsecurity(7) manual page for information on the operation of these protocols.\n\nAuthorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the server in a private file\nnamed with the -auth command line option. Each time the server is about to accept the first\nconnection after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file. If this file\ncontains any authorization records, the local host is not automatically allowed access to the\nserver, and only clients which send one of the authorization records contained in the file in\nthe connection setup information will be allowed access. See the Xau manual page for a de‐\nscription of the binary format of this file. See xauth(1) for maintenance of this file, and\ndistribution of its contents to remote hosts.\n\nThe X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding whether or not to accept\nconnections from clients on a particular machine. If no other authorization mechanism is be‐\ning used, this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as well as\nany machines listed in the file /etc/Xn.hosts, where n is the display number of the server.\nEach line of the file should contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a\ncomplete name in the format family:name as described in the xhost(1) manual page. There\nshould be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines. For example:\n\njoesworkstation\ncorporate.company.com\ninet:bigcpu\nlocal:\n\nUsers can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access control using the\nxhost command from the same machine as the server.\n\nIf the X FireWall Proxy (xfwp) is being used without a sitepolicy, host-based authorization\nmust be turned on for clients to be able to connect to the X server via the xfwp. If xfwp is\nrun without a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if xfwp is using an X\nserver where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based authorization checks, when a client\ntries to connect to this X server via xfwp, the X server will deny the connection. See\nxfwp(1) for more information about this proxy.\n\nThe X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation permissions or\nplace any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can connect to a display, it has\nfull run of the screen. X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because\nclients can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see the\nxauth(1) manual page for details. Restrictions are imposed on untrusted clients that curtail\nthe mischief they can do. See the SECURITY extension specification for a complete list of\nthese restrictions.\n\nSites that have better authentication and authorization systems might wish to make use of the\nhooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional security models.\n", "subsections": [] }, "SIGNALS": { "content": "The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:\n\nSIGHUP This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all resources,\nand restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager whenever the main user's\nmain application (usually an xterm or window manager) exits to force the server to\nclean up and prepare for the next user.\n\nSIGTERM This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.\n\nSIGUSR1 This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the server\nstarts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIGIGN instead of the usual\nSIGDFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to its parent process after it has\nset up the various connection schemes. Xdm uses this feature to recognize when con‐\nnecting to the server is possible.\n", "subsections": [] }, "FONTS": { "content": "The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers. The list of direc‐\ntories and font servers the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled by the\nfont path.\n\nThe default font path is /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyril‐\nlic,/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:un‐\nscaled,/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,built-\nins .\n\nA special kind of directory can be specified using the catalogue: prefix. Directories speci‐\nfied this way can contain symlinks pointing to the real font directories. See the FONTPATH.D\nsection for details.\n\nThe font path can be set with the -fp option or by xset(1) after the server has started.\n\nFONTPATH.D\nYou can specify a special kind of font path in the form catalogue:. The directory spec‐\nified after the catalogue: prefix will be scanned for symlinks and each symlink destination\nwill be added as a local fontfile FPE.\n\nThe symlink can be suffixed by attributes such as 'unscaled', which will be passed through to\nthe underlying fontfile FPE. The only exception is the newly introduced 'pri' attribute,\nwhich will be used for ordering the font paths specified by the symlinks.\n\nAn example configuration:\n\n75dpi:unscaled:pri=20 -> /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi\nghostscript:pri=60 -> /usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript\nmisc:unscaled:pri=10 -> /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc\ntype1:pri=40 -> /usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1\ntype1:pri=50 -> /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1\n\nThis will add /usr/share/X11/fonts/misc as the first FPE with the attribute 'unscaled', sec‐\nond FPE will be /usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi, also with the attribute 'unscaled' etc. This is\nfunctionally equivalent to setting the following font path:\n\n/usr/share/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled,\n/usr/share/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled,\n/usr/share/X11/fonts/Type1,\n/usr/share/fonts/default/Type1,\n/usr/share/fonts/default/ghostscript\n\n", "subsections": [] }, "FILES": { "content": "/etc/Xn.hosts Initial access control list for display number n\n\n/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi\nBitmap font directories\n\n/usr/share/fonts/X11/TTF,/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1\nOutline font directories\n\n/tmp/.X11-unix/Xn Unix domain socket for display number n\n\n/usr/adm/Xnmsgs Error log file for display number n if run from init(8)\n\n/usr/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors Default error log file if the server is run from xdm(1)\n", "subsections": [] }, "SEE ALSO": { "content": "General information: X(7)\n\nProtocols: X Window System Protocol, The X Font Service Protocol, X Display Manager Control\nProtocol\n\nFonts: bdftopcf(1), mkfontdir(1), mkfontscale(1), xfs(1), xlsfonts(1), xfontsel(1), xfd(1), X\nLogical Font Description Conventions\n\nKeyboards: xkeyboard-config(7)\n\nSecurity: Xsecurity(7), xauth(1), Xau(1), xdm(1), xhost(1), xfwp(1), Security Extension Spec‐\nification\n\nStarting the server: startx(1), xdm(1), xinit(1)\n\nControlling the server once started: xset(1), xsetroot(1), xhost(1), xinput(1), xrandr(1)\n\nServer-specific man pages: Xorg(1), Xephyr(1), Xnest(1), Xvfb(1), Xquartz(1), XWin(1).\n\nServer internal documentation: Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server\n", "subsections": [] }, "AUTHORS": { "content": "The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond Drewry, Philip Karl‐\nton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment Corporation, with support from a large cast. It\nhas since been extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT. Dave Wig‐\ngins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements.\n\n\n\nX Version 11 xorg-server 21.1.4 XSERVER(1)", "subsections": [] } } } }