{
    "mode": "man",
    "parameter": "VLNA",
    "section": "1",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/VLNA/1/json",
    "generated": "2026-08-31T05:51:46Z",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "vlna - adds tilde after each non-syllabic preposition\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "USAGE": {
            "content": "vlna [options] [filenames]\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "PREFACE": {
            "content": "There exists a special Czech and Slovak typographical rule: you cannot leave the non-syllabic\npreposition  on  the end of one line and continue writing text on next line. For example, you\ncannot write down the text \"v lese\" (in a forest) like \"v<new-line>lese\".  The  program  vlna\nadds  the  asciitilde  between such preposition and the next word and removes the space(s) in\nthis place.  It means, the program converts \"v lese\" to \"v~lese\". You can use this program as\na preporcessor before TeXing. Moreower,  you  can  set  another  sequence  to  store  instead\nasciitilte (see the -x option).\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "The program vlna processes one or more files, searches the non-syllabic prepositions followed\nby  space(s)  in  these  files  and  converts this/these space(s) to asciitilde for each such\noccurrence.\n\nIn the processed file, the activity of the program can be blocked by  %~-  sequence  and  the\nactivity  can  be  restored again by the %~+ sequence. These sequences can include spaces, it\nmeans that % ~- is a correct sequence too.\n\nThe rule to recognize a preposition follows: The arbitrary number of opening parentheses  can\nbe  written before the preposition and before these (optional) parentheses must be the space,\ntabelator or new-line. The preposition itself is one-letter word, the letters have to be from\nthis set: {KkSsVvZzOoUuAI}. See the -v option if you want to change this set of letters. From\nversion 1.2, the TeX sequence can  be  written  before  preposition  and  before  the  brace.\nExample:  \"<new-line>([V lese\" is converted to \"<new-line>([V~lese\".  Another example: \"\\uv{V\nlese}\" is converted to \"\\uv{V~lese}\".\n\nOne or more blank-spaces have to be included after preposition before next word.  The  blank-\nspace  means  space  or tabelator.  One <new-line> can be here too.  All these characters are\nremoved and replaced by asciitilde (or by another string, see -x option).  If  <new-line>  is\ndeleted,  another  <new-line> is created before preposition (and before optional parentheses)\nin order to the number of lines is kept unchanged.  Example: \"... V<new-line><tabelator>lese\"\nis converted to \"...<new-line>V~lese\".\n\nThe program checks the consintence of TeX's math environments (if -m option isn't used).  For\nexample  the  \"$...$$...$\"  sequence  (it  means the display mode switch inside the text-math\nmode) generates a warning. Empty line inside display mode generates a  warning  too  and  the\nprogram  processes  next text like in normal (non-math) mode. The existence of the \"$\" inside\ndisplay mode are accepted because the constructions like  $$..\\hbox{..$..$}..$$  are  allowed\nand common.\n\nThe consistence of verbatim mode is checked on the end of the file.  If the file ends but the\nverbatim  mode  does not end the warning is printed.  This behavior can be switched off by -n\nor -w options.\n\nThe program suppresses the tilde changing after letters like prepositions but  they  are  not\nprepositions  because the \\TeX or \\LaTeX sequence precedes. Example: \"vlastnosti \\TeX u jsou\"\nis not converted to \"vlastnosti \\TeX  u~jsou\",  because  this  text  is  printed  (after  TeX\nprocessing) like \"vlastnosti TeXu jsou\". The letter \"u\" is a suffix here, no preposition.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "OPTIONS": {
            "content": "The options are optional and can be written in arbitrarty order separated by space.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "-f",
                    "content": "vlna -f filename1 filename2\nInput is filename1, output is filename2.\n\nvlna -f filename1\nInput is filename1, output is stdout.\n\nvlna -f\nInput is stdin, output is stdout.\n\nvlna filename1 [filename2 [filename3 ...]]\nIf  the  -f  option is omitted then each file is processed independently and it is\nre-written.\n",
                    "flag": "-f"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-s",
                    "content": "terminates  the  program  untimely  are  printed.   If  this parameter is omitted then\nbanner, warnings and statistics are printed to stderr.\n",
                    "flag": "-s"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-r      -r  -f",
                    "content": "the  -f  and  -r  options  aren't  used  then  each re-written file is stored with its\noriginal contents to a backup file (the name of backup file is the same  as  filename,\nonly the tilde is used instead of the last character).\n",
                    "flag": "-f"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-v _",
                    "content": "The set of characters treated as non-syllabic prepositions is declared by this option.\nDefault: -v KkSsVvZzOoUuAI.  The space between -v and characters is required.\n",
                    "flag": "-v"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-x _",
                    "content": "The  code  is a string written in hexadecimal notation (even hexa digits is required).\nThis string will be saved after prepositions instead asciitilde which is default.  The\nexample: -x C2A0 two bytes are stored after each non-syllabic preposition, first  byte\nhas  C2  code  and  second byte has A0 code. This example means that NO-BREAK SPACE in\nUTF8 encoding will be used after prepositions.  Another example: -x 00A0 the  NO-BREAK\nSPACE  in  UTF16  encoding.   Another  example: -x 48454C4C4F the string HELLO will be\nused.  The space between -x and code is required.\n",
                    "flag": "-x"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-m",
                    "content": "prepositions is searched in math-mode too.  Default (without -m option): no changes in\nmath  modes  are  done  because  (for  example)  \"v\"  is  variable  in  math-mode,  no\npreposition.\n",
                    "flag": "-m"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-n",
                    "content": "program  can  do  a  changes in verbatim environment.  Default (without -n option): no\nchanges in verbatim mode are done.\n",
                    "flag": "-n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-l",
                    "content": "\\begin{display}...\\end{display}    and   \\begin{equation}...\\end{equation}   and   the\nfollowing environment is treated as verbatim mode: \\begin{verbatim}...\\end{verbatim}.\n",
                    "flag": "-l"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-w",
                    "content": "@<, @d...@*, @space or @>|.  It means program code is unchanged in *.w or *.web files,\nonly web-comments are processed.\n",
                    "flag": "-w"
                }
            ]
        },
        "EXAMPLES": {
            "content": "vlna -m -n -s -r file\nThe program has a behavior similar to the old vlnka program.\n\nvlna *.tex\nAll files with .tex suffix in  current  directory  will  be  processed  (and  possibly\nchanged). (The \"*\" is UNIX-shell feautre).\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "vlna -f file > /dev/null",
                    "content": "Only the consistence checking of math and verbatim modes is processed.  No changes are\ndone.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "AUTHORS": {
            "content": "Petr  Olsak  <olsak@math.feld.cvut.cz>.  Man page (Czech original) and Makefile is created by\nRulolf Cejka\n\nAugust 30 2022                                    VLNA(1)",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "vlna - adds tilde after each non-syllabic preposition",
    "flags": [
        {
            "flag": "-f",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "vlna -f filename1 filename2 Input is filename1, output is filename2. vlna -f filename1 Input is filename1, output is stdout. vlna -f Input is stdin, output is stdout. vlna filename1 [filename2 [filename3 ...]] If the -f option is omitted then each file is processed independently and it is re-written."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-s",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "terminates the program untimely are printed. If this parameter is omitted then banner, warnings and statistics are printed to stderr."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-f",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "the -f and -r options aren't used then each re-written file is stored with its original contents to a backup file (the name of backup file is the same as filename, only the tilde is used instead of the last character)."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-v",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "The set of characters treated as non-syllabic prepositions is declared by this option. Default: -v KkSsVvZzOoUuAI. The space between -v and characters is required."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-x",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "The code is a string written in hexadecimal notation (even hexa digits is required). This string will be saved after prepositions instead asciitilde which is default. The example: -x C2A0 two bytes are stored after each non-syllabic preposition, first byte has C2 code and second byte has A0 code. This example means that NO-BREAK SPACE in UTF8 encoding will be used after prepositions. Another example: -x 00A0 the NO-BREAK SPACE in UTF16 encoding. Another example: -x 48454C4C4F the string HELLO will be used. The space between -x and code is required."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-m",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "prepositions is searched in math-mode too. Default (without -m option): no changes in math modes are done because (for example) \"v\" is variable in math-mode, no preposition."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-n",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "program can do a changes in verbatim environment. Default (without -n option): no changes in verbatim mode are done."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-l",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "\\begin{display}...\\end{display} and \\begin{equation}...\\end{equation} and the following environment is treated as verbatim mode: \\begin{verbatim}...\\end{verbatim}."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-w",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "@<, @d...@*, @space or @>|. It means program code is unchanged in *.w or *.web files, only web-comments are processed."
        }
    ],
    "examples": [
        "vlna -m -n -s -r file",
        "The program has a behavior similar to the old vlnka program.",
        "vlna *.tex",
        "All files with .tex suffix in  current  directory  will  be  processed  (and  possibly",
        "changed). (The \"*\" is UNIX-shell feautre).",
        "Only the consistence checking of math and verbatim modes is processed.  No changes are",
        "done."
    ],
    "see_also": []
}