# phpman > man > Tin(1)

[tin(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/1/markdown)                                    Usenet newsreader                                   [tin(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/1/markdown)



## NAME
       tin, rtin - Usenet newsreader

## SYNOPSIS
       **tin**  [[**-h**|**-H**|**-V**] |  [[[**-a**]  [**-dlnq**|**-Q**] [**-ArzxX**]] [[**-R**|**-S**] **-s** _News_dir_] [**-cuvZ**] [**-4**|**-6**] [**-N**|**-M**
       _address_] [**-o**|**-w**]] [**-D** _debug_level_]  [**-G**  _article_limit_]  [**-f**  _newsrc_file_]  [**-g**  _server_]  [**-m**
       _Mail_dir_] [**-p** _port_] [**-I** _index_dir_] [_newsgroup_[,...]]]

## DESCRIPTION
       **tin**  is  a  full-screen  easy  to  use  Usenet  newsreader.  It  can read news locally (e.g.,
       _/var/spool/news_) or remotely (**rtin** or **tin** **-r** option) via an NNTP (Network News Transport Pro‐
       tocol)  server. It will automatically utilize NOV [**newsoverview**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/newsoverview/5/markdown) style index files if avail‐
       able locally or via the NNTP [X]OVER command (**RFC2980**, **RFC3977**).

       **tin** has four separate levels of operation: Selection level, Group level, Thread level and Ar‐
       ticle level. Use the **Help** ('**h**') command to view a list of the commands available at a partic‐
       ular level.

       On startup **tin** will show a list of the newsgroups found  in  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_.
       An  arrow '->' or highlighted bar will point to the first newsgroup. Move to a group by using
       the terminal arrow keys (terminal dependent) or **Down** ('**j**') and **Up** ('**k**'). Use PgUp/PgDn  (ter‐
       minal  dependent) or **PageUp** ('**^U**') (CTRL-U) and **PageDown** ('**^D**') (CTRL-D) to page up/down. En‐
       ter a newsgroup by pressing '**<CR>**'.

       The **GroupNextUnreadArtOrGrp** ('**<TAB>**') key enters the next newsgroup with unread articles.

## EXIT STATUS
       **0**      Successful program execution. No unread news available in batch mode.

       **1**      Usage, syntax, configuration file or network error.

       **2**      Unread news available (batch mode (''**-Z**'') only).

       **3**      NNTP error.

## OPTIONS
### -4
                   with IPv6 support.

### -6
                   with IPv6 support.

### -a

### -A

### -c
                   file specified by the ''**-f**'' option and mark all articles as read.

### -d
                   mode).

### -D
                   Enter debug-level (1 = NNTP, 2 = filter, 4 = newsrc, 8 = threading, 16 =  memory,
                   32  =  attributes, 64 = misc, 128 = remove existing debug files).  For NNTP-level
                   ''**-v**'' controls the verbosity of the output.

### -f
                   _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_.

### -g
                   Only available when reading via NNTP.

### -G
                   Limit the number of articles/group to retrieve from the server.  If _article-limit_
                   is  >  0 not more than the last _article-limit_ articles/group are fetched from the
                   server. If _article-limit_ is < 0 **tin** will start fetching articles from your  first
                   unread minus absolute value of _article-limit_. Default is 0, which means no limit.

### -h

### -H

### -I
                   _DIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news_.  This option has no effect if **tin** re‐
                   trieves its index files via NNTP and **cache**___**overview**___**files** is turned off.

### -l
                   _TIVEFILE:-active}_ file. If reading via NNTP this is done with  the  LIST  command
                   (**RFC3977**).  This  might  result in incorrect article counts but is usually faster
                   than the default which is to read  the  _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVE__‐
                   _FILE:-active}_ file (either directly or via LIST) and then check the article count
                   via NNTP GROUP command (**RFC3977**) ''**-ln**''. If reading via  NNTP  and  LIST  COUNTS
                   (**RFC6048**)  is  available  that  is used instead as it gives more accurate article
                   counts.

### -m

### -M
                   read section "AUTOMATIC MAILING AND SAVING NEW NEWS".

### -n
                   file that are subscribed to in the user's  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_.  This
                   allows  a  noticeable speedup when connecting via a slow line, but **tin** may not be
                   able detect which groups are moderated. See also ''**-l**''.

### -N
                   section "AUTOMATIC MAILING AND SAVING NEW NEWS".

### -o
                   it should be used with ''**-n**'' if possible.

### -p
                   ronment variable $**NNTPPORT** if set. Only available when reading via NNTP.

### -q

### -Q
                   ''**-dnq**''.

### -r
                   variable $**NNTPSERVER** or contained in the file _/etc/news/server_.

### -R -S

### -s

### -S -R
                   read section "AUTOMATIC MAILING AND SAVING NEW NEWS".

### -u
                   file specified by the ''**-f**'' option. This option is disabled if **tin** retrieves its
                   index files via an NNTP server and **cache**___**overview**___**files** is turned off.

### -v -c -D -M -N -S -u -Z
                   tions. Can be used multiple times to increase verbosity.

### -V

### -w -d
                   for this to be really quick, it should be used with ''**-n**'' if possible.

### -x

### -X
                   _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin_  will  not be overwritten but may be created if they don't ex‐
                   ist.

### -z
                   tion cursor at first group with unread news. Useful for putting in login file.

### -Z -v
                   option is specified the number of unread articles in each group  is  printed.  An
                   exit  code  0  indicates  no news, 1 that an error occurred and 2 that new/unread
                   news exists. Useful for writing scripts.

       **tin** can also dynamically change its options by the **OptionMenu** ('**M**') command. Any changes  are
       written  to  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_. For more information see section "GLOBAL OP‐
       TIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" and [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown).

       A list of groups can be specified after the other command-line options. This can be useful if
       you  wish  to  yank in or subscribe to a hand-picked subset of the active newsgroups. See the
       section "NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of pattern that **tin** understands.

       If you specify a single group-name, or a wildcard that matches a single group, then you  will
       automatically  enter that group. Otherwise the normal group selection screen will appear, but
       with all the matching groups present too, as though you had yanked just those groups in.

       With the ''**-w**'' flag a given group-name is used as default group to post to. If more than one
       group  or  a  wildcard  is  specified  only the first group respectively the first group that
       matches is used.

       Once you use **SelectYankActive** ('**y**') to yank in all active groups, or  **SelectToggleReadDisplay**
       ('**r**')  to  toggle  the read/unread status, then the command-line groups will be gone. You can
       use  **SelectSyncWithActive**  ('**Y**')  to  reread  the   _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVE__‐
       _FILE:-active}_ file and get them back.

       NB:  With  the  ''**-n**''  flag, only unsubscribed groups in the _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_
       file (or the  newsrc-file  given  by  the  ''**-f**''  command-line  switch  or  via  _${TIN_HOME__‐
       _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/newsrctable_) can be matched.

       Command-line  options have higher priority than attributes and tinrc options.  Thus, command-
       line option takes precedence over configured values.

## USAGE
   **NEWS** **ADMINISTRATION**
       Maintaining Netnews on large networks of machines can be a pretty time  consuming  job  as  I
       discovered when I was given the job of maintaining our news system and news users.

       A  user  starting  **tin**  for the first time can be automatically subscribed to a list of news‐
       groups that are deemed appropriate by the news administrator. The subscriptions  file  should
       be  created  in  your  news lib directory (i.e., _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/subscriptions_) and
       should be world readable. If you read news via NNTP, then your news server must  support  the
       LIST  SUBSCRIPTIONS  command. It is part of the NNTP List Extensions (**RFC6048**) and all modern
       servers should understand it.

   **SCREEN** **FORMAT**
       **tin** has four separate levels of operation: Selection level, Group level, Thread level and Ar‐
       ticle level.

       At  the  Selection  level  the title displays (the name of the news server and) the number of
       subscribed groups (containing new unread articles). The newsgroups are displayed in the  mid‐
       dle  of  the  screen usually with the number of unread articles displayed on the same line in
       front, but it can be customized via **select**___**format**.

       ->M    1     2  comp.security.announce  Announcements from the CERT abou
         M    2     1  news.admin.announce     Announcements for news adminstra
              3    22  news.software.misc      News-related software other than
              4  1475  news.software.nntp      The Network News Transfer Protoc
         X    5   124  news.software.readers   Discussion of software used to r

       There may also be a character prefixing the line. An explanation follows:

       **u**         This group is unsubscribed. To see only your subscribed groups use  the  **SelectTog**‐‐
                 **gleReadDisplay** ('**r**') or **SelectYankActive** ('**y**') toggle keys.

       **M**         This is a moderated group. Any posts you make will have to be approved by the group
                 administrator before it will be made public. **tin** will ask for  confirmation  before
                 you post to a moderated group.

       **N**         This  is  a new newsgroup which has been created since you last used **tin**. New news‐
                 groups are not subscribed to by default (However, see the $**AUTOSUBSCRIBE** / $**AUTOUN**‐‐
                 **SUBSCRIBE**  environment  variables).   Subscribe to it in the normal way if you wish
                 the group to continue to appear in your Selection Menu.  Simply  ignore  new  news‐
                 groups  and they will be gone the next time you start **tin**. You will have to yank in
                 all the groups to find them in a later session.

       **D**         This group no longer exists. If you no longer wish to see this  group  then  unsub‐
                 scribe  from  it  in  the  normal  way.  This flag will only appear if you have set
                 **strip**___**bogus** to "ask" in the Options Menu.

       **X**         You may no longer make posts to this group. Often a group will be superseded  by  a
                 more appropriately named one.

       **=**         This  group  has been renamed and you may no longer post to it. If you do, then you
                 will receive an error from your news server telling you the correct group  to  post
                 to.

       At  the  Group  level  the  title  contains the name of the group, the number of conversation
       threads, the abbreviated threading method (**thread**___**articles**), the limit of articles to get (if
       set;  **getart**___**limit**), the total number of (unread) articles (**art**___**marked**___**read** or **art**___**marked**___**un**‐‐
       **read**), the number of hot articles **art**___**marked**___**selected**, the number of read  hot  articles  (if
       any;  **art**___**marked**___**read**___**selected**),  the  number  of recent articles (**art**___**marked**___**recent**) and the
       number of killed articles (**art**___**marked**___**killed**). I.e.:

                   alt.sources (5B -50/23+ 0* 3o 0K)

       The characters after the numbers are depending to  the  configuration  and  if  your  are  in
       **show**___**only**___**unread**___**arts**  mode  or  not. Some numbers could be missing if the specific option is
       not enabled. It might also contain an 'M', 'X' or '='  (see  above;  doesn't  work  with  the
       ''**-n**''  command-line  switch!) if the group is moderated, set to no posting or postings to it
       get redirected.

       If a thread has unread articles it is marked with **art**___**marked**___**unread** in  front  of  the  total
       number  of articles in the thread. If there are recent articles within the thread it might be
       marked with **art**___**marked**___**recent** in front of the total number of articles in the thread  —  this
       is controlled by the **recent**___**time** option. If a thread has hot articles in it (see also section
       "FILTERING ARTICLES") it's marked with **art**___**marked**___**selected** in front of the  total  number  of
       articles in the thread. The number of lines of the first (unread) article in the thread might
       also be shown right before the subject — this is controlled by the **show**___**info** option. The dis‐
       play can be customized via **group**___**format**.

                       de.admin.net-abuse.announce (11B 13+ 1* 1o 0K) M

       ->   1   +   3  108 bincancels in de.talk.sex        Christopher Lueg <l
            2   +       69 EMP/ECP gecancelt. xynx. BI= 10  Henning Weede <hwee
            3   o       93 EMP gecancelt. SouthBeach/Palms  Henning Weede <hwee
            4   *      368 <1997-11-12> Fremdcancel-FAQ     Thomas Roessler <ro

       At  the  Thread  level  the  screen usually (depends on the threading method used) looks like
       this, but can be customized via **thread**___**format**:

       ->   1      [   7]  What is this funny tree in the thr  Robert F. Simmig
            2      [  12]  +->                                 Sephan Wagner <s
            3      [ 230]  | `->Tin thread-level (was: What is Bob Johnson <bob
            4      [  22]  `->tin threading menu               Brian Richardson


       At the Article level the page header has the following format:

       Sun, 28 Dec 1997 21:21:01   de.admin.news.groups      Thread   20 of 86
       Lines 50   Re: EINSPRUCH zu RESULT:de.comm.mobil.ALL   Article  47 of 59
       Urs Janssen <<urs@akk.org>>        at Arbeitskreis Kultur und Kommunikati

       article-body

       The look of the Selection, Group and Thread level can be customized. See  the  section  "CUS‐
       TOMIZING THE SCREEN FORMAT".

   **COMMON** **MOVING** **KEYS**
       This table shows the common keys used for moving around all levels within **tin**.
                                    ANSI/vt100   Other Terminals
              Beg. of list/article  **Home**         **FirstPage** (**^**)
              End of list/article   **End**          **LastPage** (**$**)
              Page Up               **PgUp**         **PageUp** (**u**, **^U** or **^B**)
              Page Down             **PgDn**         **PageDown** (**^D** or **^F** or **<SPACE>**)
              Line Up               **Up** **arrow**     **Up** (**k** or **^P**)
              Line Down             **Down** **arrow**   **Down** (**j** or **^N**)

   **COMMON** **EDITING** **COMMANDS**
       An  [**emacs**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/emacs/1/markdown)  style editing package allows the easy editing of input strings.  A history list
       allows the easy reuse of previously entered strings.  In addition to  the  cursor  keys,  the
       following commands are available when editing a string:

       **^A,** **^E**    move to beginning or end of line, respectively.

       **^F,** **^B**    non-destructive move forward or back one location, respectively.

       **^D**        delete  the  character  currently under the cursor, or send EOF if no characters in
                 the buffer.

       **^H,** **<DEL>** delete character left of the cursor.

       **^K**        delete from cursor to end of line.

       **^P,** **^N**    move through history, previous and next, respectively.

       **^L,** **^R**    redraw the current line.

       **<CR>**      places line on history list if  non-blank,  appends  newline  and  returns  to  the
                 caller.

       **<ESC>**     aborts the present editing operation.

   **GLOBAL** **COMMANDS**
       The following commands are available at all 4 menu levels and always have the same effect.

### ShellEscape '!'
                 Shell escape. **ShellEscape** by itself will launch a shell, **ShellEscape** <command> will
                 run an external <command>. This facility may have been disabled by the  System  Ad‐
                 ministrator.

### ToggleColor '&'
                 Toggle use of ANSI color.

### RedrawScr '^L'
                 Redraw the current screen.

### ScrollUp '<'
                 Scroll screen up by one line.

### ScrollDown '>'
                 Scroll screen down by one line.

### Postponed 'O' '^O'
                 Reload postponed article. If your system blocks the **Postponed** key you must quote it
                 by pressing '**^V**' (CTRL-V) first. The postpone-menu offers  the  following  actions:
                 **PromptYes**  ('**y**')  =  reload and spawn editor; **PostponeOverride** ('**Y**') = post article
                 (without spawning editor); **PostponeAll** ('**A**') = post all postponed articles (without
                 spawning  editor);  **PromptNo** ('**n**') = skip this article; **Quit** ('**q**') = quit postponed
                 menu. Currently there is no 'simple' way to delete a  postponed  article  from  the
                 postponed-file,  you  have to use the following command sequence instead: reload it
                 with **Postponed**, enter editor with **PromptYes**, quit editor, discard posting with **Quit**
                 ('**^O**''**y**''**q**'). See also ''**-o**'' command-line switch.

       **Help** **'h'**  Help  screen  of  commands  available  on the current menu. You can use **SearchSubjF**
                 ('**/**'), **SearchSubjB** ('**?**') and **SearchRepeat** ('**\**') to  search  on  this  screen.  **Quit**
                 ('**q**') returns to the menu.

### ToggleHelpDisplay 'H'
                 Toggle  the  display of help mini menu at the bottom of the screen and posting eti‐
                 quette after composing an article (**beginner**___**level**).

### DisplayPostHist 'W'
                 List articles posted by user. The date posted, the newsgroup and  the  subject  are
                 listed. See the section "POSTING HISTORY LISTING" for more information.

### Version 'v'
                 Print **tin** version information.

   **NEWSGROUP** **SELECTION** **COMMANDS**
       **4**         Select group 4.

### SelectResetNewsrc '^R'
                 Reset  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_ file. This will destroy all records of which
                 articles have been read, so use this carefully.

### SetRange '#'
                 Choose a range of articles to be affected by the  next  command.  See  the  section
                 "RANGES" for more information.

### SelectSortActive '.'
                 Sort the list of newsgroups.

### SearchRepeat '\'
                 Repeat the previous search.

### SearchSubjF '/'
                 Search for a group by name and description (if displayed).

### SearchSubjB '?'
                 Backward search through the group names and descriptions.

### SelectReadGrp '^J' '<CR>'
                 Read current group.

### SelectEnterNextUnreadGrp '<TAB>' 'n'
                 Enter  next  group with unread news. Will wrap around to the beginning of the group
                 selection list looking for unread groups.

### Catchup 'c'
                 Make current group as all read [after confirmation] and move to the next  group  in
                 the group selection list.

### CatchupNextUnread 'C'
                 Mark current group as all read [after confirmation] and enter the next unread group
                 in the group selection list.

### SelectToggleDescriptions 'd'
                 Toggle display to show just the group name or the group name and the group descrip‐
                 tions.

### EditFilter 'E'
                 Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

### SelectGoto 'g'
                 Choose  a  new  group  by  name. This command can be used to access any group, even
                 those not currently yanked in.

### ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
                 Toggle the display of the description of the current newsgroup in  the  last  line.
                 This will not be available if **tin** was started with the ''**-d**'' option.

### ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
                 Toggle inverse video.

### LookupMessage 'L'
                 Look  up  article  by  ''Message-ID:''. If none of the groups listed in the ''News‐
                 groups:''-header of the referenced article is available, just the contents  of  the
                 ''Newsgroups:''-header will be displayed in the last line.  At this level this com‐
                 mand only works if reading via NNTP and the server supports [X]HDR  (**RFC2980**,  **RFC**‐‐
                 **3977**) or XPAT (**RFC2980**).

### SelectMoveGrp 'm'
                 Move  the  current group within the group selection list. By entering '1' the group
                 will become the first displayed group in the list, by entering '8' the eighth group
                 in the list etc. By entering '$' the group will be the last group displayed.

### OptionMenu 'M'
                 User  configurable  options  menu (for more information see section "GLOBAL OPTIONS
                 MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES").

### SelectNextUnreadGrp 'N'
                 Positions the cursor on the next group with unread articles in it.

       **Quit** **'q'**  Quit **tin** — ask the user to confirm if **confirm**___**choice** is set accordingly.

### QuitTin 'Q'
                 Quit **tin** — don't ask the user to confirm.

### SelectToggleReadDisplay 'r'
                 Toggle display of all subscribed to groups and just those groups containing  unread
                 articles.  Command  has no effect if groups were specified on the command-line when
                 **tin** was started.

### BugReport 'R'
                 Mail a bug report or comment to <<tin-bugs@tin.org>>. This is the best way of getting
                 bugs fixed and features added/changed.

### SelectSubscribe 's'
                 Subscribe to current group.

### SelectSubscribePat 'S'
                 Subscribe  to  groups  matching  user specified pattern. See the section "NEWSGROUP
                 LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of pattern that **tin** understands.

### SelectUnsubscribe 'u'
                 Unsubscribe to current group. This  can  be  used  to  remove  bogus  groups.   See
                 **strip**___**bogus** in the "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" section.

### SelectUnsubscribePat 'U'
                 Unsubscribe  to  groups matching user specified pattern. See the section "NEWSGROUP
                 LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of pattern that **tin** understands.

       **Post** **'w'**  Post an article to current group. If posting fails for some reason, you'll get  the
                 chance  to  **PostEdit**  ('**e**') the article again, **PostPostpone** ('**o**') it for later pro‐
                 cessing (see also ''**-o**'' command-line switch) or discard it via **Quit** ('**q**').

### SelectQuitNoWrite 'X'
                 Quit **tin** without saving any changes to the configuration.

### SelectYankActive 'y'
                 Yanks in all groups. Toggles the displayed groups between all  the  groups  in  the
                 _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}_  file and just those that are
                 subscribed to in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_.

### SelectSyncWithActive 'Y'
                 Reread the _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}_ file to see if any
                 new news has arrived since starting **tin**.

### SelectMarkGrpUnread 'z' 'Z'
                 Mark all articles in the current group as unread.

   **GROUP** **INDEX** **COMMANDS**
       All  searches  in this level are limited to unread articles if in **show**___**only**___**unread**___**arts** mode.
       **GroupToggleReadUnread** ('**r**') can be use toggle the setting right before/after the search.

       **4**         Select article 4.

### MenuFilterSelect '^A'
                 Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more
                 information.

### MenuFilterKill '^K'
                 Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more infor‐
                 mation.

### MarkFeedRead '^X'
                 Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot) articles, articles  match‐
                 ing pattern or tagged articles as read. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

### MarkFeedUnread '^W'
                 Mark  current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot) articles, articles match‐
                 ing pattern or tagged articles as unread.  A  prompt  asks  which  type  should  be
                 marked.

### SetRange '#'
                 Choose  a  range  of  articles  to be affected by the next command. See the section
                 "RANGES" for more information.

### LastViewed '-'
                 Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

### SearchRepeat '\'
                 Repeat the previous search.

### SearchSubjF '/'
                 Search forward for specified subject.

### SearchSubjB '?'
                 Search backwards for specified subject.

       **GroupSelThd** **'*'**
                 Select current thread for later processing.

### GroupDoAutoSel '+'
                 Selects all threads in current group. It is a shortcut for calling  **GroupSelPattern**
                 with a pattern of ''*''.

### GroupToggleThdSel '.'
                 Toggle  selection of current thread. If at least one unread article, (but not every
                 unread article) in the current thread is selected, then all unread articles  become
                 selected.

### GroupSelThdIfUnreadSelected ';'
                 For  each  thread  in current group, if it at least one unread article is selected,
                 all unread articles become selected. This is useful for  auto-selection  on  author
                 where reader wants to see entire thread.

### GroupSelPattern '='
                 Prompts  for a pattern with which to match on. All threads whose subjects match the
                 pattern will be marked selected. A pattern of ''*'' will match all subjects. Enter‐
                 ing just '**<CR>**' will re-use the last pattern that was entered.

### GroupReverseSel '@'
                 Reverse all selections on all articles.

### GroupUndoSel '~'
                 Undo  all selections on all articles. It clears the toggle effect of **GroupMarkUnse**‐‐
                 **lArtRead** ('**X**') command. Thus after first doing  a  **GroupMarkUnselArtRead**,  one  can
                 then  do **GroupUndoSel** to reset articles. Thus, one can iteratively whittle down un‐
                 interesting threads.

       **Pipe** **'|'**  Pipe current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  /  tagged  articles into command. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING
                 REPOSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### QuickFilterSelect '['
                 Auto select article(s) with a single key [after confirmation].  The  defaults  used
                 for  selection  are  based  upon  the  following  four  tinrc config variables: **de**‐‐
                 **fault**___**filter**___**select**___**case**,     **default**___**filter**___**select**___**expire**,      **default**___**filter**___**se**‐‐
                 **lect**___**global**  and  **default**___**filter**___**select**___**header**.   Read  the section "GLOBAL OPTIONS
                 MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a full explanation  of  these  variables
                 and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more information on filtering.

### QuickFilterKill ']'
                 Kill  article(s)  with  a  single  key  [after confirmation]. The defaults used for
                 killing are based upon the following  four  tinrc  config  variables:  **default**___**fil**‐‐
                 **ter**___**kill**___**case**,   **default**___**filter**___**kill**___**expire**,   **default**___**filter**___**kill**___**global**  and  **de**‐‐
                 **fault**___**filter**___**kill**___**header**.  Read the section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC  CONFIG‐
                 URABLE  VARIABLES"  for  a full explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTI‐
                 CLES" for more information on filtering.

### GroupReadBasenote '^J' '<CR>'
                 Read current article.

### GroupNextUnreadArtOrGrp '<TAB>'
                 View next unread article or group.

### SearchAuthF 'a'
                 Author forward search. This searches for articles with a specific ''From:'' line.

### SearchAuthB 'A'
                 Author backward search. Otherwise, see **SearchAuthF** ('**a**') above.

### SearchBody 'B'
                 Search the body of all articles in group (can be slow). You can  abort  the  search
                 using **Quit** ('**q**').

### Catchup 'c'
                 Mark  all  articles as read [after confirmation] then return to the group selection
                 list. Move cursor to next group.

### CatchupNextUnread 'C'
                 Mark all articles as read [after confirmation] and enter the next group with unread
                 news.

### GroupToggleSubjDisplay 'd'
                 Cycle  the  display  of  the  author through all the possible options for the tinrc
                 variable **show**___**author**.

### GroupCancel 'D'
                 Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current article.  It  must  have  been
                 posted  by the same user. The cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control'
                 or 'control.cancel'.

### EditFilter 'E'
                 Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

### GroupGoto 'g'
                 Choose a new group by name. This command can be used  to  access  any  group,  even
                 those not currently yanked in.

### GroupToggleGetartLimit 'G'
                 Toggle article/group limit.

### ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
                 Display the subject of the first article in the current thread in the last line.

### ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
                 Toggle inverse video.

### GroupMarkThdRead 'K'
                 Mark  article/thread  as  read  and  move onto the next unread article/thread. If a
                 range of articles/threads is set, the range will be marked as read instead  of  the
                 current article/thread. When tagged articles/threads are present, a prompt asks how
                 to proceed.

### GroupListThd 'l'
                 Open the thread under the current cursor position.

### LookupMessage 'L'
                 Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

### GroupMail 'm'
                 Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  / tagged articles to someone. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### OptionMenu 'M'
                 User configurable options menu (for more information see  section  "GLOBAL  OPTIONS
                 MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES").

### GroupNextGroup 'n'
                 Go to next group.

### GroupNextUnreadArt 'N'
                 Go to the next unread article.

       **Print** **'o'** Send  current  article  / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles matching
                 pattern / tagged articles to printer. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING  RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### GroupPrevGroup 'p'
                 Go to previous group.

### GroupPrevUnreadArt 'P'
                 Go to previous unread article.

       **Quit** **'q'**  Return to previous level.

### QuitTin 'Q'
                 Quit **tin** — don't ask the user to confirm.

### GroupToggleReadUnread 'r'
                 Toggle the display between all articles and unread articles.

### BugReport 'R'
                 Mail a bug report or comment to <<tin-bugs@tin.org>>. This is the best way of getting
                 bugs fixed and features added/changed.

### GroupSave 's'
                 Save current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  /  tagged articles. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
                 SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### GroupAutoSave 'S'
                 Save marked articles automatically without further prompting.

### GroupTag 't'
                 Toggle tag-status of current article / thread for **GroupMail** ('**m**') /  **Pipe**  ('**|**')  /
                 **Print** ('**o**') / **GroupSave** ('**s**') / **GroupRepost** ('**x**').

### GroupTagParts 'T'
                 Automatically tag/untag all the parts of the current multi-part message in order.

### GroupToggleThreading 'u'
                 Cycle  the  threading mode through no threading, threading by subject, threading by
                 references, threading on both subject and references, group multipart articles into
                 a thread (''Subject:'' based).

### GroupUntag 'U'
                 Untag all articles that were tagged.

       **Post** **'w'**  Post  an article to the current group. If posting fails for some reason, you'll get
                 the chance to edit the article again via **PostEdit** ('**e**'), postpone it for later pro‐
                 cessing  via **PostPostpone** ('**o**') (see also ''**-o**'' command-line switch) or discard it
                 via **Quit** ('**q**').

### GroupRepost 'x'
                 Repost an already posted article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles
                 matching  pattern  /  tagged articles to another newsgroup(s). Useful for reposting
                 from global to local newsgroups. Do not use this to crosspost your own articles.

### GroupMarkUnselArtRead 'X'
                 Mark all unread articles that have not been selected as read, redraw screen to  re‐
                 flect  changes and put index at the first thread to begin reading.  Pressing **Group**‐‐
                 **MarkUnselArtRead** ('**X**') again will toggle  back  to  the  way  it  was  before.  See
                 **GroupUndoSel**  ('**~**')  command for clearing the toggle effect, leaving the group will
                 also clear the toggle effect and make the changes permanent.

### MarkArtUnread 'z'
                 Mark current article as unread.

### MarkThdUnread 'Z'
                 Mark current thread as unread. If a range of threads is  set,  the  range  will  be
                 marked  as unread instead of the current thread. When tagged threads are present, a
                 prompt asks how to proceed.

   **THREAD** **LISTING** **COMMANDS**
       **4**         Select article 4 within thread.

### MenuFilterSelect '^A'
                 Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more
                 information.

### MenuFilterKill '^K'
                 Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more infor‐
                 mation.

### MarkFeedRead '^X'
                 Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot) articles, articles  match‐
                 ing pattern or tagged articles as read. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

### MarkFeedUnread '^W'
                 Mark  current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot) articles, articles match‐
                 ing pattern or tagged articles as unread.  A  prompt  asks  which  type  should  be
                 marked.

### SetRange '#'
                 Choose  a  range  of  articles  to be affected by the next command. See the section
                 "RANGES" for more information.

### LastViewed '-'
                 Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

### SearchRepeat '\'
                 Repeat the previous search.

### SearchSubjF '/'
                 Search forward for specified subject.

### SearchSubjB '?'
                 Search backwards for specified subject.

       **ThreadSelArt** **'*'**
                 Select current thread for later processing.

### ThreadToggleArtSel '.'
                 Toggle selection of current article.

### ThreadReverseSel '@'
                 Reverse article selections.

### ThreadUndoSel '~'
                 Undo all selections on current thread.

       **Pipe** **'|'**  Pipe current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  /  tagged  articles into command. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING
                 REPOSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### ThreadReadArt '^J' '<CR>'
                 Read current article within thread.

### ThreadReadNextArtOrThread '<TAB>'
                 View next unread article within thread.

### SearchAuthF 'a'
                 Author forward search. This searches for articles with a specific  ''From:''  line.
                 The  search  will wrap over into the next thread if nothing is found in the current
                 one.

### SearchAuthB 'A'
                 Author backward search. Otherwise, see **SearchAuthF** ('**a**') above.

### SearchBody 'B'
                 Search the body of all articles in group (can be slow). You can  abort  the  search
                 using **Quit** ('**q**').

### Catchup 'c'
                 Mark  thread as read [after confirmation] and return to the group index page.  Move
                 cursor to next thread.

### CatchupNextUnread 'C'
                 Mark thread as read [after confirmation] and enter the next thread  containing  un‐
                 read news.

### ThreadToggleSubjDisplay 'd'
                 Cycle  the  display  of  the  author through all the possible options for the tinrc
                 variable **show**___**author**.

### ThreadCancel 'D'
                 Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current article.  It  must  have  been
                 posted  by the same user. The cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control'
                 or 'control.cancel'.

### EditFilter 'E'
                 Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

### ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
                 Display the subject of the current article in the last line.

### ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
                 Toggle inverse video.

### ThreadMarkArtRead 'K'
                 Mark article as read and move onto the next unread article. If a range of  articles
                 is  set,  the  range  will  be  marked as read instead of the current article. When
                 tagged articles are present, a prompt asks how to proceed.

### LookupMessage 'L'
                 Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

### ThreadMail 'm'
                 Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  / tagged articles to someone. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

       **Print** **'o'** Send current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  / tagged articles to printer. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

       **Quit** **'q'**  Return to previous level.

### QuitTin 'Q'
                 Quit **tin** — don't ask the user to confirm.

### BugReport 'R'
                 Mail a bug report or comment to <<tin-bugs@tin.org>>. This is the best way of getting
                 bugs fixed and features added/changed.

### ThreadSave 's'
                 Save  current  article  / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles matching
                 pattern / tagged articles. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING  REPOSTING  AND
                 SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### ThreadAutoSave 'S'
                 Save marked articles automatically without further prompting.

### ThreadTag 't'
                 Toggle  tag  status of current article for mailing, piping, printing, saving or re‐
                 posting.

### ThreadTagParts 'T'
                 Automatically tag/untag all the parts of the current multi-part message in order.

### ThreadUntag 'U'
                 Untag all tagged threads.

       **Post** **'w'**  Post an article to the current group. If posting fails for some reason, you'll  get
                 the chance to edit the article again via **PostEdit** ('**e**'), postpone it for later pro‐
                 cessing via **PostPostpone** ('**o**') (see also ''**-o**'' command-line switch) or discard  it
                 via **Quit** ('**q**').

### MarkArtUnread 'z'
                 Mark  current article in thread as unread. If a range of articles is set, the range
                 will be marked as unread instead of the current article. When tagged  articles  are
                 present, a prompt asks how to proceed.

### MarkThdUnread 'Z'
                 Mark all articles in thread as unread.

   **ARTICLE** **VIEWER** **COMMANDS**
       **0**         Read the first (base) article in this thread.

       **4**         Read response 4 in this thread.

### MenuFilterSelect '^A'
                 Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more
                 information.

### PageReplyQuoteHeaders '^E'
                 Reply through mail to the author of the current article with a copy of the  article
                 with all headers included.

### PagePGPCheckArticle '^G'
                 Perform  [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown)  /  [**gpg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gpg/1/markdown) operations on article. This expects inline pgp (**RFC4880**)
                 and not MIME pgp (**RFC3156**).

### PageToggleRaw '^H'
                 Toggles the display mode (raw including all headers vs. cooked).

### MenuFilterKill '^K'
                 Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more infor‐
                 mation.

### PageToggleTabs '^T'
                 Toggle the TAB width between 4 and 8 characters.

### PageFollowupQuoteHeaders '^W'
                 Post  a followup to the current article with a copy of the article with all headers
                 included.

### PageToggleTex2iso '"'
                 Toggle TeX to ISO decoding for current article. The default behavior is taken  from
                 the **tex2iso**___**conv** variable in the tinrc file.

       **PageToggleAllHeaders** **'*'**
                 Toggles the display of all headers vs. headers in **news**___**headers**___**to**___**display**.

### PageToggleRot '%'
                 Toggle ROT-13 decoding for this article.

### PageToggleUue '('
                 Toggle  the  display  of uuencoded sections. The default behavior is taken from the
                 **hide**___**uue** variable in the tinrc file.

### PageReveal ')'
                 The form feed character (^L) is often used to hide 'spoilers' that the  reader  may
                 not initially wish to see when viewing an article. Any text after a formfeed is not
                 displayed. This key-press acts like a reveal key and turns the hidden text back on.
                 Scrolling down will also reveal the text, scrolling up will hide it again.

### LastViewed '-'
                 Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

### SearchRepeat '\'
                 Repeat the previous search.

### SearchSubjF '/'
                 Forward search the text of this article.

### SearchSubjB '?'
                 Backward search the text of this article.

### PageSkipIncludedText ':'
                 Skip  to  the end of the next quoted text-block in this article. Quoted text is ev‐
                 erything which matches **quote**___**regex**, **quote**___**regex2** or **quote**___**regex3**.

### PageTopThd '<'
                 Go to the first article in the current thread.

### PageBotThd '>'
                 Go to the last article in the current thread.

       **PageToggleHighlight** **'**___**'**
                 Toggle word highlighting on/off.

       **Pipe** **'|'**  Pipe current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  /  tagged  articles into command. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING
                 REPOSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### QuickFilterSelect '['
                 Auto select article(s) with a single key. The defaults used for selection  are  set
                 based  upon  the following four tinrc config variables: **default**___**filter**___**select**___**case**,
                 **default**___**filter**___**select**___**expire**, **default**___**filter**___**select**___**global**  and  **default**___**filter**___**se**‐‐
                 **lect**___**header** Read the section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES"
                 for a full explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more  infor‐
                 mation on filtering.

### QuickFilterKill ']'
                 Kill article(s) with a single key. The defaults used for killing are based upon the
                 following  four  tinrc  config  variables:  **default**___**filter**___**kill**___**case**,  **default**___**fil**‐‐
                 **ter**___**kill**___**expire**,  **default**___**filter**___**kill**___**global**  and **default**___**filter**___**kill**___**header**.  Read
                 the section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a  full  ex‐
                 planation  of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for more information on fil‐
                 tering.

### PageNextThd '^J' '<CR>'
                 Go to next base article.

### PageNextUnread '<TAB>'
                 Go to next unread article. If the tinrc variable **goto**___**next**___**unread**  doesn't  contain
                 PageNextUnread, then this key will first page through the current article.

### SearchAuthF 'a'
                 Author forward search.

### SearchAuthB 'A'
                 Author backward search.

### SearchBody 'B'
                 Search  the  body  of all articles in group (can be slow). You can abort the search
                 using **Quit** ('**q**').

### Catchup 'c'
                 Mark the current thread as read [after confirmation] and  return  to  the  previous
                 menu. Move cursor to next item.

### CatchupNextUnread 'C'
                 Mark the rest of the current thread as read [after confirmation] and enter the next
                 thread with unread articles.

### PageCancel 'D'
                 Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current article.  It  must  have  been
                 posted  by the same user. The cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control'
                 or 'control.cancel'.

### PageEditArticle 'e'
                 Edit the current article. This is restricted to mailgroups and saved news.

### EditFilter 'E'
                 Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

### PageFollowupQuote 'f'
                 Post a followup to the current article with a copy of the article included.

### PageFollowup 'F'
                 Post a followup to the current article without including a copy of the article.

### PageFirstPage 'g'
                 Go to the start of the article.

### PageLastPage 'G'
                 Go to the end of the article.

### ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
                 Display the subject of the current article in the last line.

### ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
                 Toggle inverse video.

### PageKillThd 'K'
                 Mark rest of thread as read and move onto the next unread thread.

### PageListThd 'l'
                 Show the thread menu that the current article is a part of.

### LookupMessage 'L'
                 Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

### PageMail 'm'
                 Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles  /  articles  matching
                 pattern  / tagged articles to someone. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### OptionMenu 'M'
                 User configurable options menu (for more information see  section  "GLOBAL  OPTIONS
                 MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES").

### PageNextArt 'n'
                 Go to the next article.

### PageNextUnreadArt 'N'
                 Go to the next unread article.

       **Print** **'o'** Send  current  article  / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles matching
                 pattern / tagged articles to printer. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING  RE‐
                 POSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### PagePrevArt 'p'
                 Go to the previous article.

### PagePrevUnreadArt 'P'
                 Go to the previous unread article.

       **Quit** **'q'**  Return to the previous level.

### QuitTin 'Q'
                 Quit **tin** — don't ask the user to confirm.

### PageReplyQuote 'r'
                 Reply  through mail to the author of the current article with a copy of the article
                 included.

### PageReply 'R'
                 Reply through mail to the author of the current article without including the orig‐
                 inal article.

### PageSave 's'
                 Save  current  article  / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles matching
                 pattern / tagged articles. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING  REPOSTING  AND
                 SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

### PageAutoSave 'S'
                 Save marked articles automatically without further prompting.

### PageTag 't'
                 Toggle  tag  status of current article for mailing, piping, printing, saving or re‐
                 posting.

### PageGroupSel 'T'
                 Return to group selection level.

### PageGotoParent 'u'
                 Go to parent article.

### PageViewUrl 'U'
                 Display a list of URLs in the current article. See the section  "URL  LISTING"  for
                 more information.

### PageViewAttach 'V'
                 Display  a  list of attachments of the current article. See the section "ATTACHMENT
                 LISTING" for more information.

       **Post** **'w'**  Post an article to the current group. If posting fails for some reason, you'll  get
                 the chance to edit the article again via **PostEdit** ('**e**'), postpone it for later pro‐
                 cessing via **PostPostpone** ('**o**') (see also ''**-o**'' command-line switch) or discard  it
                 via **Quit** ('**q**').

### PageRepost 'x'
                 Repost an already posted article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles / articles
                 matching pattern / tagged articles to another newsgroup(s).  Useful  for  reposting
                 from global to local newsgroups. Do not use this to crosspost your own articles.

### MarkArtUnread 'z'
                 Mark article as unread.

### MarkThdUnread 'Z'
                 Mark the current thread as unread.

   **URL** **LISTING**
       **PageViewUrl**  ('**U**')  displays a list of URLs in the current article. Besides the common moving
       keys, the following commands are available:

           **UrlSelect** **'^J'** **'<CR>'**
                     The current URL will be prompted and opened using the **url**___**handler**.  '**<ESC>**'  or
                     no input will skip the URL.

           **SearchSubjF** **'/'**
                     URL forward search.

           **SearchSubjB** **'?'**
                     URL backward search.

           **SearchRepeat** **'\'**
                     Repeat the previous search.

           **ShellEscape** **'!'**
                     Shell escape.

           **ToggleInfoLastLine** **'i'**
                     Toggle the display of the current URL in the last line.

           **Help** **'h'**  Help screen of commands available.

           **ToggleHelpDisplay** **'H'**
                     Toggle  the  display  of help mini menu at the bottom of the screen and posting
                     etiquette after composing an article (**beginner**___**level**).

   **ATTACHMENT** **LISTING**
       **PageViewAttach** ('**V**') displays a list of attachments of the current article. Besides the  com‐
       mon moving keys, the following commands are available:

           **AttachPipe** **'p'**
                     Pipe attachment into command.

           **AttachSave** **'s'**
                     Save current attachment / tagged attachments to disk.

           **AttachSelect** **'^J'** **'<CR>'**
                     View attachment.

           **AttachTag** **'t'**
                     Tag one or more attachments for saving.

           **AttachTagPattern** **'='**
                     Prompts  for a pattern to match. All attachments whose name/description or con‐
                     tent type/transfer encoding match the pattern will be tagged.

           **AttachToggleTagged** **'@'**
                     Reverse tagging of all attachments.

           **AttachUntag** **'U'**
                     Untag all tagged attachments.

           **SearchSubjF** **'/'**
                     Attachment forward search.

           **SearchSubjB** **'?'**
                     Attachment backward search.

           **SearchRepeat** **'\'**
                     Repeat the previous search.

           **GlobalPipe** **'|'**
                     Pipe attachment into command. Uses the raw attachment, no decoding is done.

           **ShellEscape** **'!'**
                     Shell escape.

           **ToggleInfoLastLine** **'i'**
                     Toggle the display of the name/description of the  current  attachment  in  the
                     last line.

           **Help** **'h'**  Help screen of commands available.

           **ToggleHelpDisplay** **'H'**
                     Toggle  the  display  of help mini menu at the bottom of the screen and posting
                     etiquette after composing an article (**beginner**___**level**).

   **POSTING** **HISTORY** **LISTING**
       **DisplayPostHist** ('**W**') displays a list of all previous posted articles stored  in  _${TIN_HOME__‐
       _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/posted_.  The  following  information  is  shown:  a  time stamp in "dd-mm-
       yy"-format, a single letter indicating the action which  initiated  the  message,  the  group
       names (eventually shortened, see also **abbreviate**___**groupname**) or a mail address the message was
       sent to and the subject of the message. Besides the common moving keys,  the  following  com‐
       mands are available:

           **PostedArticlesSelect** **'^J'** **'<CR>'**
                     The article with the current ''Message-ID:'' will be opened if available.  Note
                     that this requires that the ''Message-ID:'' of  the  article  was  recorded  in
                     _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/posted_ which may not always be the case.  If using
                     NNTP and the internal inews (**inews**___**prog** set to  "--internal")  and  either  the
                     server  proposes  a ''Message-ID:'' during the POST (**RFC3977**) command or **tin** is
                     build to generate ''Message-ID:'' this should be the case. With an external in‐
                     ews (and reading from local spool) it is not.

           **SearchSubjF** **'/'**
                     URL forward search.

           **SearchSubjB** **'?'**
                     URL backward search.

           **SearchRepeat** **'\'**
                     Repeat the previous search.

           **ShellEscape** **'!'**
                     Shell escape.

           **ToggleInfoLastLine** **'i'**
                     Toggle the display of the current ''Message-ID:'' in the last line.

           **Help** **'h'**  Help screen of commands available.

           **ToggleHelpDisplay** **'H'**
                     Toggle  the  display  of help mini menu at the bottom of the screen and posting
                     etiquette after composing an article (**beginner**___**level**).

### GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES
       At startup, **tin** reads in the configuration files (see also [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown)).  They contain a  list  of
       variables  that can be used to configure the way **tin** works. If it exists, the global configu‐
       ration file, _/etc/tin/tinrc_ is read. After that, the user's own configuration  file  is  read
       from  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_.  The global file is useful for distributing system-
       wide defaults to new users who have no private tinrc yet.

       The variables are user configurable by editing  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_  directly.
       Most of them can also be set in the GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU which is accessed by pressing **Option**‐‐
       **Menu** ('**M**') at all levels. It allows the user to customize the behavior of  **tin**.  The  options
       are  saved to the file _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_ when you exit **tin** so don't edit the
       file directly whilst **tin** is running.

       In the options menu use the cursor keys in the usual way to  move  around.  Use  **ConfigSelect**
       ('**^J**'  or '**<CR>**') to 'open' the option you wish to change. You will need to enter a new value
       or use '**<SPACE>**' to toggle the available options.  **ConfigSelect**  will  save  the  new  value,
       '**<ESC>**' will abort without saving changes.

       As  with  the  other  menus, **RedrawScr** ('**^L**') will redraw the screen. You can use **SearchSubjF**
       ('**/**'), **SearchSubjB** ('**?**') and **SearchRepeat** ('**\**') to search for a  specific  option.  Use  **Quit**
       ('**q**')  to exit the option menu and keep your changes. Use **QuitTin** ('**Q**') to exit without keep‐
       ing your changes.

       The options menu provides access to the attributes menu for the current group by the  **Config**‐‐
       **ToggleAttrib** ('**<TAB>**') command. Pressing **ConfigToggleAttrib** again toggles back to the options
       menu. For more information see section "ATTRIBUTES MENU AND GROUP ATTRIBUTES".

       The **ConfigScopeMenu** ('**S**') command brings up the scopes menu. For more information see section
       "SCOPES MENU".

       Here  is  a  full  list of all the available variables. The name in braces is the name of the
       corresponding setting in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_.

       **Abbreviate** **long** **newsgroup** **names** **(abbreviate**___**groupname)**
           If ON abbreviate long newsgroup names at group selection level and article level (if nec‐
           essary)  like  this: news.software.readers -> n.software.readers -> n.s.readers -> n.s.r.
           Default is OFF.

       **Add** **posted** **articles** **to** **filter** **(add**___**posted**___**to**___**filter)**
           If ON add posted articles which start a new thread to filter for highlighting follow-ups.
           Default is ON.

### Insert 'User-Agent:'-header (advertising)
           Turn ON advertising in header (''User-Agent:''). Default is ON.

       **Skip** **multipart/alternative** **parts** **(alternative**___**handling)**
           If ON strip multipart/alternative messages automatically. Default is ON.

       **Character** **to** **show** **deleted** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**deleted)**
           The character used to show that an article was deleted. Default is 'D'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **inrange** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**inrange)**
           The character used to show that an article is in a range. Default is '#'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **returning** **arts** **(art**___**marked**___**return)**
           The  character  used  to  show  that an article will return as an unread article when the
           group is next entered. Default is '-'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **selected** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**selected)**
           The character used to show that an article/thread is  auto-selected  (hot).   Default  is
           '*'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **recent** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**recent)**
           The  character used to show that an article/thread is recent (not older than X days). See
           also **recent**___**time**. Default is 'o'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **unread** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**unread)**
           The character used to show that an article has not been read.  Default is '+'.

       **Character** **to** **show** **read** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**read)**
           The character used to show that an article was read. Default is ' '.

       **Character** **to** **show** **killed** **articles** **(art**___**marked**___**killed)**
           The character used to show that an article was killed. Default is 'K'.   **kill**___**level**  must
           be set accordingly.

       **Character** **to** **show** **read** **selected** **arts** **(art**___**marked**___**read**___**selected)**
           The  character  used to show that an article was hot before it was read.  Default is ':'.
           **kill**___**level** must be set accordingly.

       **Ask** **before** **using** **MIME** **viewer** **(ask**___**for**___**metamail)**
           If ON **tin** will ask before using a MIME viewer (**metamail**___**prog**) to display  MIME  messages.
           This only occurs if a MIME viewer is set. Default is OFF.

       **Send** **you** **a** **cc** **and/or** **bcc** **automatically** **(auto**___**cc**___**bcc)**
           Automatically put your name in the ''Cc:'' and/or ''Bcc:'' field when mailing an article.
           Default is No.

       **List** **thread** **using** **right** **arrow** **key** **(auto**___**list**___**thread)**
           If ON automatically list thread when entering it using right arrow key.  Default is ON.

       **Reconnect** **to** **server** **automatically** **(auto**___**reconnect)**
           Default is OFF.

       **Save** **articles** **in** **batch** **mode** **(batch**___**save)**
           If set ON articles/threads will be saved in batch mode when save  ''**-S**''  or  mail  ''**-M**,
           **-N**'' is specified on the command line. Default is ON.

       **Show** **mini** **menu** **&** **posting** **etiquette** **(beginner**___**level)**
           If  set ON a mini menu of the most useful commands will be displayed at the bottom of the
           screen for each level. Also a short posting etiquette will be displayed  after  composing
           an article. Default is ON.

       **Cache** **NNTP** **overview** **files** **locally** **(cache**___**overview**___**files)**
           If ON, create local copies of NNTP overview files. This can be used to considerably speed
           up accessing large groups when using a slow connection.  See also "INDEX FILES".  Default
           is OFF.

       **Hash** **algorithm** **for** **cancel-locks** **(cancel**___**lock**___**algo)**
           Use this hash algorithm for cancel-locks. Only available when build with cancel-lock sup‐
           port. none disables the generation of cancel-locks. Valid values are none,  sha1,  sha256
           and sha512.  Default is sha1.

       **Catchup** **read** **groups** **when** **quitting** **(catchup**___**read**___**groups)**
           If  set  ON the user is asked when quitting if all groups read during the current session
           should be marked read. Default is OFF.

       **Standard** **background** **color** **(col**___**back)**
           Standard background color

       **Color** **of** **quoted** **text** **from** **external** **sources** **(col**___**extquote)**
           Color of quoted text from external sources

       **Color** **of** **sender** **(From:)** **(col**___**from)**
           Color of sender (From:)

       **Color** **of** **article** **header** **lines** **(col**___**head)**
           Color of header-lines

       **Color** **of** **help** **text** **(col**___**help)**
           Color of help pages

       **Color** **for** **inverse** **text** **(background)** **(col**___**invers**___**bg)**
           Color of background for inverse text

       **Color** **for** **inverse** **text** **(foreground)** **(col**___**invers**___**fg)**
           Color of foreground for inverse text

       **Color** **of** **status** **messages** **(col**___**message)**
           Color of status messages in last line

       **Color** **of** **highlighting** **with** ___**dash**___ **(col**___**markdash)**
           Color of words emphasized like _this_. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Color** **of** **highlighting** **with** **/slash/** **(col**___**markslash)**
           Color of words emphasized like /this/. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Color** **of** **highlighting** **with** ***stars*** **(col**___**markstar)**
           Color of words emphasized like *this*. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Color** **of** **highlighting** **with** **-stroke-** **(col**___**markstroke)**
           Color of words emphasized like -this-. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Color** **of** **mini** **help** **menu** **(col**___**minihelp)**
           Color of mini help menu

       **Color** **of** **actual** **news** **header** **fields** **(col**___**newsheaders)**
           Color of actual news header fields

       **Standard** **foreground** **color** **(col**___**normal)**
           Standard foreground color

       **Color** **of** **quoted** **lines** **(col**___**quote)**
           Color of quoted lines

       **Color** **of** **twice** **quoted** **line** **(col**___**quote2)**
           Color of twice quoted lines

       **Color** **of** **=>3** **times** **quoted** **line** **(col**___**quote3)**
           Color of >=3 times quoted lines

       **Color** **of** **response** **counter** **(col**___**response)**
           Color of response counter. This is the text that says "Response x of y"  in  the  article
           viewer.

       **Color** **of** **signatures** **(col**___**signature)**
           Color of signatures

       **Color** **of** **urls** **highlight** **(col**___**urls)**
           Color of urls highlight

       **Color** **of** **verbatim** **blocks** **(col**___**verbatim)**
           Color of verbatim blocks

       **Color** **of** **article** **subject** **lines** **(col**___**subject)**
           Color of article subject

       **Color** **of** **text** **lines** **(col**___**text)**
           Color of text-lines

       **Color** **of** **help/mail** **sign** **(col**___**title)**
           Color of help/mail sign

       **Which** **actions** **require** **confirmation** **(confirm**___**choice)**
           Ask for manual confirmation to protect the user.

            •  **commands**  Ask  for  confirmation  before  executing certain dangerous commands (e.g.,
               **Catchup** ('**c**')). Commands that this affects are marked in  this  manual  with  '[after
               confirmation]'. Default is commands & quit.

            •  **quit** You'll be asked to confirm that you wish to exit **tin** when you use the **Quit** ('**q**')
               command.

            •  **select** Ask for confirmation before marking  all  not  selected  (with  **GroupMarkUnse**‐‐
               **lArtRead** ('**X**') command) articles as read.

       **Format** **string** **for** **display** **of** **dates** **(date**___**format)**
           Format string **tin** uses for date representation. A description of the different format op‐
           tions can be found at [**strftime**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/strftime/3/markdown).  **tin** uses [**strftime**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/strftime/3/markdown) when available and supports most
           format options in his fallback code.  Default is "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S".

       **(default**___**art**___**search)**

       **(default**___**author**___**search)**

       **(default**___**config**___**search)**
           The last article/author/config option that was searched for.

       **(default**___**filter**___**days)**
           Default is 28.

       **(default**___**filter**___**kill**___**case)**
           Default  for  quick  (1  key) kill filter case.  ON = filter case sensitive, OFF = ignore
           case. Default is OFF.

       **(default**___**filter**___**kill**___**expire)**
           Default for quick (1 key) kill filter expire.  ON = limit to **default**___**filter**___**days**,  OFF  =
           don't ever expire. Default is OFF.

       **(default**___**filter**___**kill**___**global)**
           Default  for quick (1 key) kill filter global.  ON=apply to all groups, OFF=apply to cur‐
           rent group. Default is ON.

       **(default**___**filter**___**kill**___**header)**
           Default for quick (1 key) kill filter header.

            0
                 ''Subject:'' (case sensitive)

            1
                 ''Subject:'' (ignore case)

            2
                 ''From:'' (case sensitive)

            3
                 ''From:'' (ignore case)

            4
                 ''Message-ID:'' & full ''References:'' line

            5
                 ''Message-ID:'' & last ''References:'' entry only

            6
                 ''Message-ID:'' entry only

            7
                 ''Lines:''

       **(default**___**filter**___**select**___**case)**
           Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter case. ON=filter case  sensitive,  OFF=ig‐
           nore case. Default is OFF.

       **(default**___**filter**___**select**___**expire)**
           Default  for  quick  (1  key)  auto-selection  filter expire.  ON = limit to **default**___**fil**‐‐
           **ter**___**days**, OFF = don't ever expire.  Default is OFF.

       **(default**___**filter**___**select**___**global)**
           Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter global.  ON=apply to all groups,  OFF=ap‐
           ply to current group. Default is ON.

       **(default**___**filter**___**select**___**header)**
           Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter header.

            0
                 ''Subject:'' (case sensitive)

            1
                 ''Subject:'' (ignore case)

            2
                 ''From:'' (case sensitive)

            3
                 ''From:'' (ignore case)

            4
                 ''Message-ID:'' & full ''References:'' line

            5
                 ''Message-ID:'' & last ''References:'' entry only

            6
                 ''Message-ID:'' entry only

            7
                 ''Lines:''

       **(default**___**goto**___**group)**

       **(default**___**group**___**search)**

       **(default**___**mail**___**address)**

       **(default**___**move**___**group)**

       **(default**___**pattern)**

       **(default**___**pipe**___**command)**

       **(default**___**post**___**newsgroups)**

       **(default**___**post**___**subject)**

       **(default**___**range**___**group)**

       **(default**___**range**___**select)**

       **(default**___**range**___**thread)**

       **(default**___**repost**___**group)**

       **(default**___**save**___**file)**

       **(default**___**save**___**mode)**

       **(default**___**select**___**pattern)**

       **(default**___**shell**___**command)**

       **(default**___**subject**___**search)**

       **Draw** **->** **instead** **of** **highlighted** **bar** **(draw**___**arrow)**
           Allows  groups/articles to be selected by an arrow '->' if set ON or by a highlighted bar
           if set OFF. Default is OFF.

       **Invocation** **of** **your** **editor** **(editor**___**format)**
           The format string used to create the editor start command with  parameters.   Default  is
           '%E  +%N  %F'  with %E=Editor, %N=Linenumber and %F=Filename (e.g., /bin/vi +7 .article).
           See also $**VISUAL** and $**EDITOR** under "ENVIRONMENT".

       **Detection** **of** **external** **quotes** **(extquote**___**handling)**
           If ON quotes from external sources will be detected. Default is OFF.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **show** **external** **quotes** **(extquote**___**regex)**
           A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching  lines  are
           shown in **col**___**extquote**. If **extquote**___**regex** is blank, then **tin** uses a built-in default.

       **Force** **redraw** **after** **certain** **commands** **(force**___**screen**___**redraw)**
           Specifies  whether a screen redraw should always be done after certain external commands.
           Default is OFF.

       **Number** **of** **articles** **to** **get** **(getart**___**limit)**
           If **getart**___**limit** is > 0 not more than the last  **getart**___**limit**  articles/group  are  fetched
           from  the server. If **getart**___**limit** is < 0 **tin** will start fetching articles from your first
           unread minus absolute value of **getart**___**limit**. Default is 0, which means no limit.

       **Catchup** **group** **using** **left** **key** **(group**___**catchup**___**on**___**exit)**
           If ON catchup group when leaving with the left arrow key. Default is ON.

       **Format** **string** **for** **the** **Group** **level** **(group**___**format)**
           Format string **tin** uses for Group level representation. See the section  "CUSTOMIZING  THE
           SCREEN FORMAT". Default is "%n %m %R %L  %s  %F".

       **Go** **to** **the** **next** **unread** **article** **with** **(goto**___**next**___**unread)**
           Which  keys **tin** should accept to jump to the next unread article.  Possible is any combi‐
           nation of **PageDown** and **PageNextUnread**.  When **PageDown** is set **tin** jumps to the next  arti‐
           cle  at  the  end of the current one. When **PageNextUnread** is set **tin** jumps immediately to
           the next article when **PageNextUnread** ('**<TAB>**') is pressed. Default is **PageNextUnread**.

       **Display** **uue** **data** **as** **an** **attachment** **(hide**___**uue)**
           If set to 'No' then raw uuencoded data is displayed. If set to  'Yes'  then  sections  of
           uuencoded  data  will be shown with a single tag line showing the size and filename (much
           the same as a MIME attachment).  If set to 'Hide all' then any line that looks like uuen‐
           coded  data  will  be folded into a tag line. This is useful when uuencoded data is split
           across more than one article but can also lead to false positives. This setting can  also
           be toggled in the article viewer.  Default is 'No'.

       **External** **inews** **(inews**___**prog)**
           Path,  name  and  options  of external [**inews**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/inews/1/markdown).  If you are reading via NNTP the default
           value is "--internal" (use built-in NNTP inews), else it is "inews -h".  The  article  is
           passed to **inews**___**prog** on STDIN via '< article'.

       **(info**___**in**___**last**___**line)**
           If  ON,  show  current  group description or article subject in the last line (not in the
           pager and global menu) — **ToggleInfoLastLine** ('**i**') toggles setting. This facility is  use‐
           ful  as  the  full  width of the screen is available to display long subjects. Default is
           OFF.

       **Use** **interactive** **mail** **reader** **(interactive**___**mailer)**
           Interactive mailreader: if greater than 0 your mailreader will be invoked earlier for re‐
           ply so you can use more of its features (e.g. MIME, pgp, ...). 1 means include headers, 2
           means don't include headers (old use_mailreader_i=ON option). 0 turns off usage. This op‐
           tion has to suit **mailer**___**format**. Default is 0.

       **Use** **inverse** **video** **for** **page** **headers** **(inverse**___**okay)**
           If ON use inverse video for page headers and URL highlighting.  Default is ON.

       **Keep** **failed** **arts** **in** **~/dead.articles** **(keep**___**dead**___**articles)**
           If  ON  keep all failed postings in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/dead.articles_ besides keeping
           the last failed posting in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/dead.article_. Default is ON.

       **Filter** **which** **articles** **(kill**___**level)**
           This option controls the processing and display of articles that are killed.  There are 3
           options:

            0  **Kill**  **only** **unread** **arts** is the 'traditional' behavior of **tin**. Only unread articles are
               killed once only by marking them read. As filtering only happens on  unread  articles
               with  **kill**___**level**  set  to  0, **art**___**marked**___**killed** and **art**___**marked**___**read**___**selected** are only
               shown once. When you reenter the group the mark will be gone.

            1  **Kill** **all** **arts** **&** **show** **with** **K** will process all articles  in  the  group  and  therefore
               there  is  a processing overhead when using this option. Killed articles are threaded
               as normal but they will be marked with **art**___**marked**___**killed**.

            2  **Kill** **all** **arts** **and** **never** **show** will process all articles in  the  group  and  therefore
               there  is  a  processing overhead when using this option. Killed articles simply does
               not get displayed at all.
       Default is 0 (**Kill** **only** **unread** **arts**).

       **Use** **8bit** **characters** **in** **mail** **headers** **(mail**___**8bit**___**header)**
           Allows 8bit characters unencoded in the header of mail message. Default is  OFF.  Turning
           it ON is effective only if **mail**___**mime**___**encoding** is also set to 8bit. Leaving it OFF is safe
           for most users and compliant to Internet Mail Standard (**RFC5322** and **RFC2047**). Default  is
           OFF.

       **Mail** **address** **(mail**___**address)**
           User's mail address (and full name), if not username@host. This is used when creating ar‐
           ticles, sending mail and when [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown) / [**gpg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gpg/1/markdown) signing (**RFC4880**).

       **MIME** **encoding** **in** **mail** **messages** **(mail**___**mime**___**encoding)**
           MIME encoding of the body in mail message, if necessary (8bit, base64,  quoted-printable,
           7bit). Default is quoted-printable.

       **Quote** **line** **when** **mailing** **(mail**___**quote**___**format)**
           Format  of  quote  line  when  replying  (via  mail)  to an article (%A=Address, %D=Date,
           %F=Fullname+Address,  %G=Groupname,  %M=Message-ID,  %N=Fullname,  %C=Firstname,  %I=Ini‐
           tials). Default is "In article %M you wrote:"

       **Format** **of** **the** **mailbox** **(mailbox**___**format)**
           Select  one  of  the following mailbox-formats: MBOXO (default, except on SCO), MBOXRD or
           MMDF (default on SCO). See [**mbox**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mbox/5/markdown) and **RFC4155** for more details on MBOXO and  MBOXRD  and
           [**mmdf**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mmdf/5/markdown) for more details about MMDF.

### Mail directory (maildir)
           The  directory  where articles/threads are to be saved in [**mbox**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mbox/5/markdown) format. This feature is
           mainly for use with  the  [**mutt**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mutt/1/markdown)  mail  program.  It  allows  the  user  to  save  arti‐
           cles/threads/groups  simply  by  giving  '='  as  the  filename  to  save to.  Default is
           _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail_.

       **Invocation** **of** **your** **mail** **command** **(mailer**___**format)**
           The format string used to create the mailer command with  parameters  that  is  used  for
           mailing  articles  to  other  people. Default is '%M "%T" < %F' (e.g., /bin/mail "iain" <
           .article). The flexible format allows other mailers with different command  line  parame‐
           ters to be used such as
              sendmail -oem -t < %F
              mutt -s "%S" -- "%T" < "%F"
              claws-mail --compose "mailto:%T?subject=%S&insert=%F"
           **interactive**___**mailer** must be set adequate. The following substitutions are supported:
              %F              filename
              %M              default_mailer
              %S              subject-field
              %T              to-filed
              %U              username
              %%              %

       **'Mark** **as** **(un)read'** **ignores** **tags** **(mark**___**ignore**___**tags)**
           When this is ON, the **GroupMarkThdRead** ('**K**'), **ThreadMarkArtRead** ('**K**'), **MarkThdUnread** ('**Z**')
           at Group level and **MarkArtUnread** ('**z**') at Thread level functions mark  just  the  current
           article  or thread, ignoring other tagged, (un)read articles. When OFF, the same function
           presents a menu with choices of the current thread or article, all tagged,  unread  arti‐
           cles, or nothing.

       **Mark** **saved** **articles/threads** **as** **read** **(mark**___**saved**___**read)**
           If ON mark articles that are saved as read. Default is ON.

       **Viewer** **program** **for** **MIME** **articles** **(metamail**___**prog)**
           Path,  name and options of external [**metamail**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/metamail/1/markdown) program used to view non-textual parts of
           articles.  To use the built-in viewer, set to --internal. This is the default value  when
           [**metamail**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/metamail/1/markdown)  is  not installed. Leave it blank if you don't want any automatic viewing of
           non-textual attachments. The **PageViewAttach** ('**V**') command can always be used to  manually
           view any attachments. See also **ask**___**for**___**metamail**.

       **MM**___**CHARSET** **(mm**___**charset)**
           Charset  supported  locally,  which  is  also used for MIME header (charset parameter and
           charset name in header encoding) in mail and news postings. If **MIME**___**STRICT**___**CHARSET** is de‐
           fined  at compile time, text in charset other than the value of this parameter is consid‐
           ered not displayable and represented as '?'. Otherwise, all character sets  are  regarded
           as  compatible  with  the display. If it's not set, the value of the environment variable
           $**MM**___**CHARSET** is used. US-ASCII or compile-time default is used in case neither of them  is
           defined.  If  your  system  supports [**iconv**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/iconv/3/markdown), this option is disabled and you should use
           **mm**___**network**___**charset** instead.

       **MM**___**NETWORK**___**CHARSET** **(mm**___**network**___**charset)**
           Charset used for posting and  MIME  headers;  replaces  **mm**___**charset**.   Conversion  between
           **mm**___**network**___**charset**  and  local  charset  (determined  via  **nl**___**[langinfo**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/langinfo/3/markdown))  is  done  via
           [**iconv**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/iconv/3/markdown), if this function is not available on your system this option  is  disabled  and
           you have to use **mm**___**charset** instead. **mm**___**network**___**charset** is limited to one of the following
           charsets:
              US-ASCII,  ISO-8859-{1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,13,14,15,16},  KOI8-{R,U,RU}  EUC-{CN,JP,KR,TW},
              ISO-2022-{CN,CN-EXT,JP,JP-1,JP-2}, Big5, UTF-8
           Not all values might work on your system, see **iconv**___**[open**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/open/3/markdown) for more details. If it's not
           set, the value of the environment variable $**MM**___**CHARSET** is used. US-ASCII or  compile-time
           default is used in case neither of them is defined.

       **Attribute** **of** **highlighting** **with** ___**dash**___ **(mono**___**markdash)**
           Character  attribute  of  words emphasized like _this_. It depends on your terminal which
           attributes are usable. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Attribute** **of** **highlighting** **with** **/slash/** **(mono**___**markslash)**
           Character attribute of words emphasized like /this/. It depends on  your  terminal  which
           attributes are usable. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Attribute** **of** **highlighting** **with** ***stars*** **(mono**___**markstar)**
           Character  attribute  of  words emphasized like *this*. It depends on your terminal which
           attributes are usable. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

       **Attribute** **of** **highlighting** **with** **-stroke-** **(mono**___**markstroke)**
           Character attribute of words emphasized like -this-. It depends on  your  terminal  which
           attributes are usable. See also **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks** and **word**___**highlight**.

### (newnews)
           These  are  internal  timers  used by **tin** to keep track of new newsgroups.  Do not change
           them unless you understand what they are for.

       **Display** **these** **header** **fields** **(or** ***)** **(news**___**headers**___**to**___**display)**
           Which news headers you wish to see. If you want to see _all_ the headers, place an '*' as
           this value. This is the only way a wildcard can be used.  If you enter 'X-' as the value,
           you will see all headers beginning with 'X-' (like X-Alan or X-Pape). You can  list  more
           than one by delimiting with spaces. Not defining anything turns off this option.

       **Do** **not** **display** **these** **header** **fields** **(news**___**headers**___**to**___**not**___**display)**
           Same  as **news**___**headers**___**to**___**display** except it denotes the opposite. An example of using both
           options might be if you thought 'X-' headers were A Good Thing(tm), but thought Alan  and
           Pape  were miscreants... well then you would do something like this: **news**___**headers**___**to**___**dis**‐‐
           **play=X-** **news**___**headers**___**to**___**not**___**display=X-Alan** **X-Pape** Not defining anything  turns  off  this
           option.

       **Quote** **line** **when** **following** **up** **(news**___**quote**___**format)**
           Format  of quote line when posting/following up an article (%A=Address, %D=Date, %F=Full‐
           name+Address, %G=Groupname, %M=Message-ID, %N=Fullname, %C=Firstname,  %I=Initials).  De‐
           fault is "%F wrote:".

       **NNTP** **read** **timeout** **in** **seconds** **(nntp**___**read**___**timeout**___**secs)**
           Time  in seconds to wait for a response from the server. Default is 120.  Setting this to
           0 means no timeout.

       **Unicode** **normalization** **form** **(normalization**___**form)**
           The normalization form **tin** should use to normalize unicode input.   The  possible  values
           are:

            0  **None**: no normalization

            1  **NFKC**: Compatibility Decomposition, followed by Canonical Composition

            2  **NFKD**: Compatibility Decomposition

            3  **NFC**: Canonical Decomposition, followed by Canonical Composition

            4  **NFD**: Canonical Decomposition

            5  **NFKC**___**CF**:  Compatibility  Decomposition,  followed  by  Canonical Composition and Case
               Folding
       Some normalization modes are only available if they are supported by the library **tin** uses  to
       do the normalization. NFC should be used if possible.

       **Go** **to** **first** **unread** **article** **in** **group** **(pos**___**first**___**unread)**
           If  ON  put cursor at first unread article in group otherwise at last article. Default is
           ON.

       **Use** **8bit** **characters** **in** **news** **headers** **(post**___**8bit**___**header)**
           Allows 8bit characters unencoded in the header of a news article, if set this  also  dis‐
           ables the generation of MIME-headers when they are usually required. Default is OFF. Only
           enacted if **post**___**mime**___**encoding** is also set to 8bit. In a number of local hierarchies where
           8bit  characters  are used, using unencoded (raw) 8bit characters in header is acceptable
           and sometimes even recommended so that you need to check the convention  adopted  in  the
           local  hierarchy  of your interest to determine what to do with this and **post**___**mime**___**encod**‐‐
           **ing**.

       **MIME** **encoding** **in** **news** **messages** **(post**___**mime**___**encoding)**
           MIME encoding of the body in news message, if necessary. (8bit, base64, quoted-printable,
           7bit). Default is 8bit, which leads to no encoding.  base64 and quoted-printable are usu‐
           ally undesired on usenet.

       **View** **post-processed** **files** **(post**___**process**___**view)**
           If ON, then **tin** will start an appropriate viewer program to display any files  that  were
           post  processed  and  uudecoded. The program is determined using the [**mailcap**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mailcap/5/markdown) file. De‐
           fault is ON.

       **Post** **process** **saved** **articles** **(post**___**process**___**type)**
           This specifies whether to perform post processing on saved articles.  Because  the  shell
           archive  may contain commands you may not want to be executed, be careful when extracting
           shell archives.  The following values are allowed:

            0  **No** (default), no post processing is done.

            1  **Shell** **archives**, unpacking of multi-part [**shar**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/shar/1/markdown) files only.

            2  **Yes**, binary attachments and data will be decoded and saved.

       **Filename** **to** **be** **used** **for** **storing** **posted** **articles** **(posted**___**articles**___**file)**
           Keep posted articles in given file. If the given filename does not contain any expandable
           strings  it  will  be  prefixed with _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail/_. If no filename is set
           then postings will not be saved. See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING  REPOSTING  AND
           SAVING  ARTICLES" for more information about the various expansion characters. Default is
           'posted'.

       **Print** **all** **headers** **when** **printing** **(print**___**header)**
           If ON, then the full article header is sent to the printer.  Otherwise  only  the  ''Sub‐
           ject:'' and ''From:'' fields are output. Default is OFF.

### Printer program with options (printer)
           The  printer  program  with options that is to be used to print articles.  The default is
           [**lpr**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lpr/1/markdown) for BSD machines and [**lp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lp/1/markdown) for SysV machines. Printing from **tin** may have been dis‐
           abled by the System Administrator.

       **Process** **only** **unread** **articles** **(process**___**only**___**unread)**
           If  ON  only save/print/pipe/mail unread articles (tagged articles excepted).  Default is
           OFF.

       **Show** **empty** **Followup-To** **in** **editor** **(prompt**___**followupto)**
           If ON show empty ''Followup-To:'' header when editing an article. Default is OFF.

       **Characters** **used** **as** **quote-marks** **(quote**___**chars)**
           The character used in quoting included text to article followups and  mail  replies.  The
           '_'  character represents a blank character and is replaced with ' ' when read, %I is re‐
           placed by author's initials. Default is '>_'.

       **Quoting** **behavior** **(quote**___**style)**
           How articles should be quoted when following up or replying to them. There are  a  number
           of  things  that  can  be  done:  empty lines can be quoted, signatures can be quoted and
           quote_chars can be compressed when quoting multiple times (for example, '> > >'  will  be
           turned into '>>>'). The default is to compress quotes, and to quote empty lines.
           When  you  are  viewing  an article in raw mode ('**^H**'), and follow up or reply to it, the
           signature will be quoted even if it would otherwise not be.  If **show**___**signatures**  is  off,
           then the signature will never be quoted.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **show** **quoted** **lines** **(quote**___**regex)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching lines are
           shown in **col**___**quote**. If **quote**___**regex** is blank, then **tin** uses a built-in default.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **show** **twice** **quoted** **l.** **(quote**___**regex2)**
           A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching  lines  are
           shown in **col**___**quote2**. If **quote**___**regex2** is blank, then **tin** uses a built-in default.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **show** **>=** **3** **times** **q.l.** **(quote**___**regex3)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching lines are
           shown in **col**___**quote3**. If **quote**___**regex3** is blank, then **tin** uses a built-in default.

       **Article** **recentness** **time** **limit** **(recent**___**time)**
           If set to 0, this feature is deactivated, otherwise it means the number of days.  Default
           is 2.

       **Render** **BiDi** **(render**___**bidi)**
           If  ON  **tin** does the rendering of bi-directional text. If OFF **tin** leaves the rendering of
           bi-directional text to the terminal. Default is OFF.

       **Interval** **in** **seconds** **to** **reread** **active** **(reread**___**active**___**file**___**secs)**
           The news _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}_ file is reread at  regular
           intervals  to  show  if any new news has arrived. Default is 1200. Setting this to 0 will
           disable this feature.

### Directory to save arts/threads in (savedir)
           Directory where articles/threads are saved. Default is _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/News_.

       **Score** **limit** **(kill)** **(score**___**limit**___**kill)**
           If the score of an article is below or equal  this  value  the  article  gets  marked  as
           killed.

       **Score** **limit** **(select)** **(score**___**limit**___**select)**
           If the score of an article is above or equal this value the article gets marked as hot.

       **Default** **score** **to** **kill** **articles** **(score**___**kill)**
           Score of an article which should be killed, this must be <= **score**___**limit**___**kill**.

       **Default** **score** **to** **select** **articles** **(score**___**select)**
           Score of an article which should be marked hot, this must be >= **score**___**limit**___**select**.

       **Number** **of** **lines** **to** **scroll** **in** **pager** **(scroll**___**lines)**
           The number of lines that will be scrolled up/down in the article pager when using cursor-
           up/down. The default is 1 (line-by-line). Set to 0 to get  traditional  **tin**  page-by-page
           scrolling.  Set  to -1 to get page-by-page scrolling where the top/bottom line is carried
           over onto the next page.  This setting supersedes show_last_line_prev_page=ON. Set to  -2
           to get half-page scrolling. This setting supersedes **full**___**page**___**scroll**=OFF.

       **Format** **string** **for** **the** **Selection** **level** **(select**___**format)**
           Format  string  **tin** uses for Selection level representation. See the section "CUSTOMIZING
           THE SCREEN FORMAT". Default is "%f %n %U  %G  %d".

       **In** **group** **and** **thread** **level,** **show** **author** **by** **(show**___**author)**
           Which information about the author should be shown. Default is 2, authors full name.

            0  **None**, only the ''Subject:'' line will be displayed.

            1  **Address**, ''Subject:'' line & the address part of the ''From:'' line are displayed.

            2  **Full** **Name**, ''Subject:'' line & the authors full name part of the ''From:''  line  are
               displayed (default).

            3  **Address** **and** **Name**, ''Subject:'' line & all of the ''From:'' line are displayed.

       **Show** **description** **of** **each** **newsgroup** **(show**___**description)**
           If  ON  show  a  short group description text after newsgroup name at the group selection
           level. The ''**-d**'' command-line flag will override the setting and turn descriptions  off.
           The  text  used  is  taken from the _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/newsgroups_ file and if sup‐
           ported (requires  **tin**  to  be  build  with  mh-mail-handling  support)  from  _${TIN_HOME__‐
           _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/mailgroups_ for mailgroups. Default is ON.

       **Function** **for** **sorting** **articles** **(sort**___**function)**
           Function used for sorting articles. Default is 0.

            0  Use [**qsort**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/qsort/3/markdown) for sorting.

            1  Use  [**heapsort**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/heapsort/3/markdown)  for sorting. This might be faster in large groups with long threads
               (somewhat presorted data).

       **Show** **lines/score** **in** **listings** **(show**___**info)**
           Which information about the thread or article should be shown. Default is  1,  show  only
           the line count.

            0  **None**, no information will be displayed.

            1  **Lines**,  in  article  listing  the  line  count of an article will be displayed and in
               thread listing the line count of first (unread) article will be displayed.

            2  **Score**, in article listing the score of an article will be  displayed  and  in  thread
               listing the score of the thread will be displayed — see also **thread**___**score**.

            3  **Lines** **&** **Score**, display line count and score.

       **Show** **only** **unread** **articles** **(show**___**only**___**unread**___**arts)**
           If ON show only new/unread articles otherwise show all articles.  Default is ON.

       **Show** **only** **groups** **with** **unread** **arts** **(show**___**only**___**unread**___**groups)**
           If ON show only subscribed groups that contain unread articles. Default is OFF.

       **Display** **signatures** **(show**___**signatures)**
           If OFF don't show signatures when displaying articles. Default is ON.

### Prepend signature with '\n-- \n' (sigdashes)
           If ON prepend the signature with sigdashes. Default is ON.

### Create signature from path/command (sigfile)
           The path that specifies the signature file to use when posting, following up to or reply‐
           ing to an article. If the path is a directory then the signature will be randomly  gener‐
           ated from files that are in the specified directory. If the path starts with a ! the pro‐
           gram the path points to will be executed to generate a signature. In order  to  pass  the
           group  name to the program, %G can be specified. This will be replaced by the name of the
           current  newsgroup.  --none  will  suppress  any  signature.   Default   is   _${TIN_HOME__‐
           _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig_.

       **Add** **signature** **when** **reposting** **(signature**___**repost)**
           If ON add signature to reposted articles. Default is ON.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **highlight** **/slashes/** **(slashes**___**regex)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching words are
           shown in **col**___**markslash** or **mono**___**markslash**. If **slashes**___**regex** is  blank,  then  **tin**  uses  a
           built-in default.

       **Sort** **articles** **by** **(sort**___**article**___**type)**
           This  specifies how articles should be sorted. Sort by ascending Date (6) is the default.
           The following sort types are allowed:

            0  **Nothing**, don't sort articles.

            1  **Subject:** **(descending)**, sort articles by ''Subject:'' field descending.

            2  **Subject:** **(ascending)**, sort articles by ''Subject:'' field ascending.

            3  **From:** **(descending)**, sort articles by ''From:'' field descending.

            4  **From:** **(ascending)**, sort articles by ''From:'' field ascending.

            5  **Date:** **(descending)**, sort articles by ''Date:'' field descending.

            6  **Date:** **(ascending)**, sort articles by ''Date:'' field ascending (default).

            7  **Score** **(descending)**, sort articles by filtering score descending.

            8  **Score** **(ascending)**, sort articles by filtering score ascending.

            9  **Lines:** **(descending)**, sort articles by ''Lines:'' field descending.

            10 **Lines:** **(ascending)**, sort articles by ''Lines:'' field ascending.

       **Sort** **threads** **by** **(sort**___**threads**___**type)**
           This specifies how threads will be sorted. Sort by descending Score (1) is  the  default.
           The following sort types are allowed:

            0  **Nothing**, don't sort threads.

            1  **Score** **(descending)**, sort threads by filtering score descending (default).

            2  **Score** **(ascending)**, sort threads by filtering score ascending.

            3  **Last** **posting** **date** **(descending)**, sort threads by date of last posting descending.

            4  **Last** **posting** **date** **(ascending)**, sort threads by date of last posting ascending.

       **Spamtrap** **warning** **address** **parts** **(spamtrap**___**warning**___**addresses)**
           Set  this option to a list of comma-separated strings to be warned if you are replying to
           an article by mail where the e-mail address contains one of these strings.  The  matching
           is case-insensitive. Example:

           _spam,delete,remove_

       **Regex** **used** **to** **highlight** ***stars*** **(stars**___**regex)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching words are
           shown in **col**___**markstar** or **mono**___**markstar**. If **stars**___**regex** is blank, then **tin** uses a built-in
           default.

       **Strip** **blanks** **of** **end** **of** **lines** **(strip**___**blanks)**
           Strips  the blanks from the end of each line therefore speeding up the display when read‐
           ing on a slow terminal or via modem. Default is ON.

       **Remove** **bogus** **groups** **from** **newsrc** **(strip**___**bogus)**
           Bogus groups are groups that are present  in  your  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_  file
           that no longer exist on the news server. There are 3 options. 0 means do nothing & always
           keep bogus groups.  1 means bogus groups will be permanently removed. 2 means that  bogus
           groups  will  appear on the Group Selection Menu, prefixed with a 'D'. This allows you to
           unsubscribe from them as and when you wish. Default is 0 (Always Keep).

       **No** **unsubscribed** **groups** **in** **newsrc** **(strip**___**newsrc)**
           If ON, then unsubscribed  groups  will  be  permanently  removed  from  your  _${TIN_HOME__‐
           _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_ file. Default is OFF.

       **Regex** **with** **Subject** **prefixes** **(strip**___**re**___**regex)**
           A regular expression to find Subject prefixes like "Re:" to remove.  If **strip**___**re**___**regex** is
           blank, then [**tin**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/1/markdown) uses a built-in default.

       **Regex** **with** **Subject** **suffixes** **(strip**___**was**___**regex)**
           A regular expression to find Subject suffixes like "(was:" to remove.  If **strip**___**was**___**regex**
           is blank, then [**tin**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/1/markdown) uses a built-in default.

       **Regex** **used** **to** **highlight** **-strokes-** **(strokes**___**regex)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching words are
           shown in **col**___**markstroke** or **mono**___**markstroke**.  If **strokes**___**regex** is blank, then **tin**  uses  a
           built-in default.

       **Wrap** **around** **threads** **on** **next** **unread** **(wrap**___**on**___**next**___**unread)**
           If  enabled  a  search  for the next unread article will wrap around all articles to find
           also previous unread articles. If disabled the search stops at  the  end  of  the  thread
           list. Default is ON.

       **Display** **"a** **as** **Umlaut-a** **(tex2iso**___**conv)**
           If ON, show "a as Umlaut-a, etc. Default is OFF. This behavior can also be toggled in the
           article viewer via **PageToggleTex2iso** ('**"**').

       **Thread** **articles** **by** **(thread**___**articles)**
           Defines which threading method to use. It's possible to set the threading type on  a  per
           group  basis  by  setting  the  group attribute variable **thread**___**arts** to 0 – 4 in the file
           _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/attributes_. (See also "GROUP ATTRIBUTES".)  The  default  is
           Both Subject and References.  The choices are:

            0  **None**, don't thread.

            1  **Subject**, thread on ''Subject:'' only.

            2  **References**, thread on ''References:'' only.

            3  **Both** **Subject** **and** **References**, thread on ''References:'' then ''Subject:'' (default).

            4  **Multipart** **Subject**, thread multipart articles on ''Subject:''.

            5  **Percentage** **Match**, thread base upon a partial character match on ''Subject:''.

       **Catchup** **thread** **by** **using** **left** **key** **(thread**___**catchup**___**on**___**exit)**
           If ON catchup group/thread when leaving with the left arrow key. Default is ON.

       **Format** **string** **for** **the** **Thread** **level** **(thread**___**format)**
           Format  string **tin** uses for Thread level representation. See the section "CUSTOMIZING THE
           SCREEN FORMAT". Default is "%n %m  [%L]  %T  %F".

       **Matchingness** **of** **a** **thread** **(thread**___**perc)**
           How closely the subjects must match for two threads to be considered  part  of  the  same
           thread. This is a percentage and the default if 75%.

       **Score** **of** **a** **thread** **(thread**___**score)**
           How  the  total  score  of  a thread is computed. Default is 0, the maximum score in this
           thread.

            0  **Max**, the maximum score in this thread.

            1  **Sum**, the sum of all scores in this thread.

            2  **Average**, the average score in this thread.

### Transliteration (translit)
           If ON append //TRANSLIT to the first argument of **iconv**___**[open**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/open/3/markdown) to enable transliteration.
           This  means  that  when a character cannot be represented in the target character set, it
           can be approximated through one or several similarly looking characters. On systems where
           this extension doesn't exist, this option is disabled. Default is OFF.

       **How** **to** **treat** **blank** **lines** **(trim**___**article**___**body)**
           Allows  you  to  select how **tin** treats blank lines in article bodies.  Default is 0. This
           option does not affect lines within verbatim blocks.

            0  **Don't** **trim** **article** **body**, do nothing.

            1  **Skip** **leading** **blank** **lines**.

            2  **Skip** **trailing** **blank** **lines**.

            3  **Skip** **leading** **and** **trailing** **blank** **l.**, skip leading and trailing blank lines.

            4  **Compact** **multiple** **between** **text**, replace multiple blank lines between text blocks  with
               one blank line.

            5  **Compact** **multiple** **and** **skip** **leading**, 4 + 1

            6  **Compact** **multiple** **and** **skip** **trailing**, 4 + 2

            7  **Compact** **mltpl.,** **skip** **lead.** **&** **trai.**, 4 + 3

       **Regex** **used** **to** **highlight** ___**underline**___ **(underscores**___**regex)**
           A  regular  expression that will be applied when reading articles. All matching words are
           shown in **col**___**markdash** or **mono**___**markdash**. If **underscores**___**regex** is blank, then  **tin**  uses  a
           built-in default.

       **Remove** **~/.article** **after** **posting** **(unlink**___**article)**
           If ON remove _~/.article_ after posting. Default is ON.

       **Program** **that** **opens** **URLs** **(url**___**handler)**
           The  program that will be run when launching URLs in the article viewer using **PageViewUrl**
           ('**U**'). The actual URL will be appended.  Default is **url**___**handler.pl**.

       **URL** **highlighting** **in** **message** **body** **(url**___**highlight)**
           Enable highlighting URLs in message body. Default is ON.

       **Use** **ANSI** **color** **(use**___**color)**
           If enabled **tin** uses ANSI-colors. Default is OFF.

       **Use** **scroll** **keys** **on** **keypad** **(use**___**keypad)**
           Default is OFF.

       **Use** **mouse** **in** **xterm** **(use**___**mouse)**
           Allows the mouse button support in an [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown) to be enabled/disabled.  Default is OFF.

       **Use** **slrnface** **to** **show** **''X-Face:''s** **(use**___**slrnface)**
           If enabled **tin** uses [**slrnface**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/slrnface/1/markdown) to interpret the ''X-Face:'' header. For this  option  to
           have  any  effect,  **tin**  must  be running in an [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown) and [**slrnface**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/slrnface/1/markdown) must be in your
           $**PATH**. Default is OFF.

       **Use** **UTF-8** **graphics** **(utf8**___**graphics)**
           If ON use UTF-8 characters for indicator  ('->'),  thread/attachment  tree  and  ellipsis
           ('...'). Default is OFF.

       **Regex** **for** **begin** **of** **a** **verbatim** **block** **(verbatim**___**begin**___**regex)**
           A regular expression that **tin** will use to find the begin of a verbatim block.

       **Regex** **for** **end** **of** **a** **verbatim** **block** **(verbatim**___**end**___**regex)**
           A regular expression that **tin** will use to find the end of a verbatim block.

       **Detection** **of** **verbatim** **blocks** **(verbatim**___**handling)**
           If ON verbatim blocks will be detected. Default is ON.

### Wildcard matching (wildcard)
           Allows  you  to  select how **tin** matches strings. The default is 0 and uses the [**wildmat**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/wildmat/3/markdown)
           notation, which is how this has traditionally been handled.  Setting this to 1 allows you
           to   use   [**perl**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/perl/1/markdown)  compatible  regular  expressions  [**pcre**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcre/3/markdown)  (see  also  [**perlre**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/perlre/1/markdown)  and
           [**pcrepattern**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcrepattern/3/markdown)).  You will probably want to update your filter file if you use this regu‐
           larly.  NB: Newsgroup names will always be matched using the [**wildmat**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/wildmat/3/markdown) notation.

       **What** **to** **display** **instead** **of** **mark** **(word**___**h**___**display**___**marks)**
           Should  the leading and ending stars, slashes, strokes and dashes also be displayed, even
           when they are highlighting marks?

            0  **no**

            1  yes, **display** **mark**

            2  print a **space** instead

       **Word** **highlighting** **in** **message** **body** **(word**___**highlight)**
           Enable  word  highlighting.  See  **word**___**h**___**display**___**marks**  for  the  options  available.  If
           **use**___**color**  is  enabled  the colors specified in **col**___**markdash**, **col**___**markslash**, **col**___**markstar**
           and **col**___**markstroke** are used for word highlighting else the character attributes specified
           in  **mono**___**markdash**, **mono**___**markslash**, **mono**___**markstar** and **mono**___**markstroke** are used. Default is
           ON.

       **Page** **line** **wrap** **column** **(wrap**___**column)**
           Sets the column at which a displayed article body should be wrapped.  If  this  value  is
           equal  to 0, it defaults to the current screen width.  If this value is greater than your
           current screen width the part off-screen is not displayed. Thus setting this option to  a
           large value can be used to disable wrapping. If this value is negative the wrap margin is
           the current screen width plus the given value (as long as the result is  still  positive,
           otherwise  it  will fall back to the current screen width). Default is 0, wrapping at the
           current screen width.

       **Quote** **line** **when** **crossposting** **(xpost**___**quote**___**format)**
           Format is the same as for **news**___**quote**___**format**, this is used when answering to a  crosspost‐
           ing to several groups with no ''Followup-To:'' set.

   **ATTRIBUTES** **MENU** **AND** **GROUP** **ATTRIBUTES**
       **tin**  allows  certain  attributes to be set on a per group basis. If it exists, the global at‐
       tributes file, _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/attributes_ is read. After that, the user's  own  at‐
       tributes file _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/attributes_ is read.  The global attributes file is
       useful for distributing system-wide defaults to new users who have no private attributes file
       yet.

       Note  that the _scope=<grouplist>_ line has to be specified before the attributes are specified
       for that list. All attributes are set to a reasonable default so you only have to specify the
       attribute  that you want to change (e.g., **savedir**). All toggle attributes are set by specify‐
       ing ON/OFF. Otherwise, these function exactly the same as their global equivalents. For  more
       details see [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown).

       Attributes  can  also be changed from the attributes menu which can be accessed by **ConfigTog**‐‐
       **gleAttrib** ('**<TAB>**') from the options menu or **ScopeSelect** ('**^J**' or  '**<CR>**')  from  the  scopes
       menu.   The  attributes  menu  looks  and behaves very similar to the options menu. The title
       shows the current scope. Attributes set in the current scope are marked with '+' to the  left
       of the attributes number.

       Besides  the  keys  for moving around and changing values known from the options menu the at‐
       tributes menu provides the following command: **ConfigResetAttrib** ('**r**') which resets an  attri‐
       bute to a default value.

   **SCOPES** **MENU**
       The  scopes  menu  (accessible  from  the  options menu with **ConfigScopeMenu** ('**S**')) shows all
       scopes read from the global and local attributes file.  Scopes  from  the  global  attributes
       file are marked with '!' to the left of the scope number. Delete/rename/move are not possible
       with those scopes.

       In addition to the common moving keys the following commands are available: **ScopeSelect** ('**^J**'
       or  '**<CR>**')  enter  the  attributes menu for the current scope, **ScopeEditAttributesFile** ('**E**')
       edit the local attributes file, **ScopeAdd** ('**a**') add a new scope, **ScopeDelete** ('**d**') delete  the
       current  scope,  **ScopeMove**  ('**m**') move the current scope to a new position, **ScopeRename** ('**r**')
       rename the current scope. **ToggleHelpDisplay** ('**H**') toggles the help mini menu at the bottom of
       the screen and posting etiquette after composing an article (**beginner**___**level**).

   **FILTERING** **ARTICLES**
       When  there  is  a subject or an author which you are either very interested in, or find com‐
       pletely uninteresting, you can easily instruct **tin** to _auto-select_ or _auto-kill_ articles  that
       match  _rules_ that you specify. This can be anything from the name of the author to the number
       of lines in an article.

       When **tin** starts up the user's kill-file _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/filter_ (see also [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown))
       is  read.  Each  time a newsgroup is entered the rules are applied and articles killed or se‐
       lected when they meet certain criteria.

       The degree to which rules are applied depend on the  **kill**___**level**  tinrc  setting.  By  default
       killed  articles  will only be marked read. Adjust **kill**___**level** for more aggressive processing.
       Articles that match an auto-selection rule are marked with a ''*''.

       Filtering rules can be manually entered into _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/filter_  (but  don't
       do  this  whilst  running  **tin** else you will lose your changes) or by using an on-screen menu
       within **tin**.

       The filtering capabilities of **tin** have been significantly enhanced over previous versions  to
       include scoring and better pattern matching. It is recommended that you read the file _filter__‐
       _ing_ in the **tin** documentation directory. This file can also be read online at
       <<http://www.tin.org/filtering.txt>>.

       The on-screen filtering menu is accessed by pressing **MenuFilterKill** ('**^K**')  or  **MenuFilterSe**‐‐
       **lect**  ('**^A**') at the Group and Article levels. It allows the user to kill or select an article
       that matches the current ''Subject:'' line, ''From:'' line or a string entered by  the  user.
       The  user  entered string can be applied to the ''Subject:'' or ''From:'' line of an article.
       The filter can be limited to the current newsgroup or it can apply to  all  newsgroups.  Once
       entered the user can abort the command and not save the new filter, edit the full filter file
       or save filter.

   **POSTING** **ARTICLES**
       **tin** allows posting of articles, follow-up to already  posted  articles  and  replying  direct
       through mail to the author of an article.

       Use  the  **Post** ('**w**') command to post an article to a newsgroup.  After entering the post sub‐
       ject the default editor (i.e., [**vi**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vi/1/markdown)) or the editor specified by the $**VISUAL** or $**EDITOR** envi‐
       ronment variable will be started and the article can be entered. To crosspost articles simply
       add a comma and the name of the newsgroup(s) to the end of the ''Newsgroups:''  line  at  the
       beginning  of  the  article. After saving and exiting the editor you are asked if you wish to
       a)bort posting the article, e)dit the article again or p)ost the  article  to  the  specified
       newsgroup(s).

       Use  the  **DisplayPostHist** ('**W**') command to display a history of the articles you have posted.
       The date the article was posted, which newsgroups the article was posted to and the  articles
       subject line are displayed. See the section "POSTING HISTORY LISTING" for more information.

       Use  the  **PageFollowupQuote** ('**f**'), **PageFollowup** ('**F**') or **PageFollowupQuoteHeaders** ('**^W**') com‐
       mand to post a follow-up article to an already posted article. The **PageFollowupQuote**  command
       will copy the text of the original article into the editor. The **PageFollowupQuoteHeaders** com‐
       mand will copy the text and all headers of the original article into the editor. The  editing
       procedure is the same as when posting an article with the **Post** ('**w**') command.

       Use  the **PageReplyQuote** ('**r**'), **PageReply** ('**R**') or **PageReplyQuoteHeaders** ('**^E**') command to re‐
       ply direct through mail to the author of an already posted article. The  **PageReplyQuote**  com‐
       mand  will  copy  the text of the original article into the editor. The **PageReplyQuoteHeaders**
       command will copy the text and all headers of the original article into the editor. The edit‐
       ing  procedure is the same as when posting an article with the **Post** ('**w**') command. After sav‐
       ing and exiting the editor you are asked if  you  wish  to  abort  sending  the  article  via
       **PostAbort**  ('**a**'), edit the article again via **PostEdit** ('**e**') or send the article to the author
       via **PostSend** ('**s**').

   **CUSTOMIZING** **THE** **ARTICLE** **QUOTE** **STRING**
       When posting a followup to an article or replying direct to the  author  of  an  article  via
       email the text of the article can be quoted. The beginning of the quoted text can contain in‐
       formation about the quoted article (e.g., Name and the Message-ID of the article).  To  allow
       for  different  situations  certain  information  from  the article can be used in the quoted
       string. The following variables are expanded if found in the tinrc variables  **mail**___**quote**___**for**‐‐
       **mat**, **news**___**quote**___**format** or **xpost**___**quote**___**format**:
              **%A**  Address (Email)
              **%D**  Date (uses **date**___**format**)
              **%F**  Full address (%N <%A>)
              **%G**  Groupname
              **%M**  Message-ID
              **%N**  Fullname of author
              **%C**  Firstname of author
              **%I**  Initials of author
       e.g.,
              mail_quote_format=On %D in %G you wrote:
              news_quote_format=In %M, %F wrote:
       would expand to:
              On 21 Sep 1993 09:45:51 -0400 in alt.sources you wrote:
              In <<abcINN123@example.org>>, Joe Bar <<joe@example.org>> wrote:
       The  quoted text section of an article is marked by a preceding quote string at the beginning
       of each quoted line. The default quote string is set to '>_'. The default can be  changed  by
       setting  the  tinrc  variable **quote**___**chars** to ones own preference. (Note that '_' underline is
       used to represent a space).

### MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES
       The command interface to **GroupMail**, **PageMail**, **PostMail** or **ThreadMail** ('**m**'), **Pipe** ('**|**'), **Print**
       ('**o**'),  **PageRepost**  or  **GroupRepost**  ('**x**')  and  **GroupSave**,  **PageSave**  or **ThreadSave** ('**s**' and
       **GroupAutoSave**, **PageAutoSave** or **ThreadAutoSave** '**S**') articles is the same for ease of use.

       Auto-saving with ***AutoSave** ('**S**') is a special case and operates only on marked articles. They
       will processed without any further prompting according to the default save parameters defined
       in tinrc or by any attributes set for the current group.

       Otherwise, the initial prompt will ask you to select which  article,  thread,  hot  (auto-se‐
       lected), regular expression pattern, tagged articles you wish to mail, pipe etc.

       Tagged  articles must have already been tagged with a ***Tag** ('**t**') command. All tagged articles
       can be untagged by a ***Untag** ('**U**') untag command.

       If a regular expression pattern is selected you are asked to enter a pattern (e.g., to  match
       all  articles  subject  lines  containing 'net News' you enter "net News"). Any articles that
       match the entered expression will be mailed, piped etc. See also the **wildcard** tinrc  variable
       for advanced pattern matching options.

       Various  expansion characters are recognized when entering the directory and file to save to.
       Environment variables (prefixed with '$') and user  home  directories  (prefixed  by  '~'  or
       '~username')  can  be  specified.  Environment variables can themselves contain other special
       characters.

       To save articles to a mailbox enter '=<mailbox name>' when asked for the  save  filename.  If
       you  enter  just  '='  then  articles will be saved to a mailbox with the name of the current
       newsgroup (eg, alt.sources).  See **maildir**.

       To save in savedir/<news.group.name>/<filename> format  enter  '+<filename>'.   See  **savedir**.
       Like  '+'  %G  is expanded to the current news.group.name but without **savedir** prefixed. %P is
       expanded to the news.group.name with all '.' replaced by '/'.

       If saving multiple files at once the filename (if not referring to a  mailbox)  will  be  ex‐
       tended by ".num" where "num" is at least 3 digit number counting up from 1. Environment vari‐
       ables are allowed within a filename (e.g., _$SOURCES/dir/filename_).

       When saving articles you can specify whether the saved files should be post processed. A  de‐
       fault process type can be set via **post**___**process**___**type**.

   **AUTOMATIC** **MAILING** **AND** **SAVING** **NEW** **NEWS**
       **tin**  allows new/unread news articles to be mailed (''**-M**'' and ''**-N**'' option) or saved (''**-S**''
       option) in batch mode for later reading. Useful when going on holiday and you don't  want  to
       return  and  find  that  expire  has removed a whole load of unread articles. Best to run via
       [**cron**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/cron/8/markdown) everyday while away, after which you will be mailed a report of which  articles  were
       mailed/saved  from  which  newsgroups and the total number of articles mailed/saved. Articles
       are saved in a private news structure under your **savedir** directory  (default  is  _${TIN_HOME__‐
       _DIR:-"$HOME"}/News_).  Be careful of using this option if you read a lot of groups because you
       could overflow your file system.

       When using ''**-S**'' together with a given directory to save to (''**-s**'' option), the same direc‐
       tory must be specified when reading the articles by ''**-R**''.

       If  you only want to save some of your groups use the **batch**___**save** tinrc variable. Set to ON or
       OFF in tinrc to enable/disable saving of all groups and then use the **batch**___**save** attribute  to
       fine  tune which groups you want to have saved. For example, if you want to save most of your
       groups, then set **batch**___**save** to ON in tinrc and selectively turn off the ones you  don't  want
       using attributes.

### tin -M iain -c -f newsrc.mail
                           (mail  any unread articles in newsgroups specified in file newsrc.mail to
                           the local user iain and mark them as read)

### tin -S -c -f newsrc.save
                           (save any unread articles in newsgroups specified in file newsrc.save and
                           mark them as read)

       **tin** **-R**              (read any articles saved by **tin** **-S**)

   **RANGES**
       A  range is simply a group of items marked using the **SetRange** (**'#'**) key. Certain **tin** commands
       will operate on a range if one exists rather than just the current item. A range  is  an  ex‐
       pression  of  the form <min>–<max>, e.g. 10–15 will highlight items 10 through 15 on the cur‐
       rent screen. Other than absolute numeric positions, '.' can be used in place of  the  current
       cursor  position and '$' can be used to mean the highest number available. Currently the only
       commands that understand ranges are **GroupMarkThdRead** ('**K**'), **MarkArtUnread** ('**z**')  and  **MarkTh**‐‐
       **dUnread** ('**Z**').

### NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS
       Several  places  in **tin** allow you to specify a list of newsgroups. These include command-line
       groups, (un)subscribe groups, the AUTO[UN]SUBSCRIBE mechanism. The scope= attributes file tag
       and  the  filter file group= tag also use the same syntax. **tin** interprets this variable simi‐
       larly to [**rn**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rn/1/markdown).  It contains a list of patterns, separated by commas  and  possibly  prefixed
       with exclamation points. An exclamation point negates the meaning of a match on this pattern,
       and can be used to cancel certain matches. See [**wildmat**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/wildmat/3/markdown) for details  about  the  understood
       patterns. Some examples:

       _alt.config,news.*,!news.test_

       Matches alt.config and everything in the 'news' hierarchy except news.test

       See  the  explanation for the $**AUTOSUBSCRIBE** and $**AUTOUNSUBSCRIBE** variables for further exam‐
       ples.

   **SIGNATURES**
       **tin** will recognize a signature in either  _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature_  or  _${TIN_HOME__‐
       _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig_.  If _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature_ exists, then the signature will be
       pulled into the editor for mail commands only. A signature in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signa__‐
       _ture_  will  not be pulled into the editor for posting commands since [**inews**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/inews/1/markdown) will append the
       signature itself.

       A signature in _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig_ will be pulled into the editor for  both  posting
       and mailing commands.

       The following is an example of a _.Sig_ file:
              NAMES  Joe Bar <<joe@example.org>>
              SNAIL  Musterweg 12, 99999 Notreal, Germany

       **tin**  also has the capability to generate random signatures on a per newsgroup basis if so de‐
       sired. The way to accomplish this is to specify the default signature or the group  attribute
       sigfile as a directory. If for example the sigfile path is _/usr/iain/.sigs_ and _.sigs_ is a di‐
       rectory then **tin** will select a random signature from any file that is in the directory  _.sigs_
       (note:  one signature per numbered file). A random signature can also consist of a fixed part
       signature that can contain your name, address etc. followed by the random sig. The fixed part
       of the random sig is read from the file _$HOME/.sigfixed_.

   **CUSTOMIZING** **THE** **SCREEN** **FORMAT**
       The look of the Selection, Group and Thread level can be customized via format strings. These
       format strings define the content and the position of each element on the  screen.  Variables
       are used within the format strings as placeholders. The following variables are available:

          **%D**    date
          **%F**    from, name and/or address
          **%G**    newsgroup name
          **%I**    initials
          **%L**    line count
          **%M**    message-id
          **%R**    number of responses in thread
          **%S**    score
          **%T**    thread tree
          **%U**    unread count
          **%d**    newsgroup description
          **%f**    newsgroup flag
          **%m**    article marks
          **%n**    current group/thread/article number
          **%s**    subject
          **%%**    %

       Not all variables can be used in each level. The following table provides an overview:

              **select**___**format** **group**___**format** **thread**___**format**
          **%D**                      X            X
          **%F**                      X            X
          **%G**        X
          **%I**                      X            X
          **%L**                      X            X
          **%M**                      X            X
          **%R**                      X
          **%S**                      X            X
          **%T**                                   X
          **%U**        X
          **%d**        X
          **%f**        X
          **%m**                      X            X
          **%n**        X             X            X
          **%s**                      X
          **%%**        X             X            X

       Defaults for the format strings:

          **select**___**format**: "**%f** **%n** **%U**  **%G**  **%d**"
          **group**___**format**:  "**%n** **%m** **%R** **%L**  **%s**  **%F**"
          **thread**___**format**: "**%n** **%m**  **[%L]**  **%T**  **%F**"

       **show**___**description**  controls whether the newsgroup description is shown or not. The description
       can also be toggled with **SelectToggleDescriptions** ('**d**').

       The information displayed with '**%F**' depends on the value of **show**___**author**.  **GroupToggleSubjDis**‐‐
       **play** resp.  **ThreadToggleSubjDisplay** ('**d**') switches through all available options.

       For  date  representation  '**%D**'  uses **date**___**format**. It is possible to specify a different date
       format in round brackets (e.g. '**%(%d** **%b** **%y** **%H:%M)D**'). See **date**___**format** for more details.

       The length of each item (except '**%%**') can be defined with a positive number  after  the  '**%**'.
       The following example displays the score in the thread level 10 characters wide: '**%10S**'.

       If  the newsgroup name is displayed together with the newsgroup description, the width of the
       newsgroup name can  be  controlled  via  an  optional  comma  separated  second  value  (e.g.
       '**%60,20G**').  It  is  valid  to  omit  the first value (e.g. ('**%,20G**')). If no second value is
       given, **tin** uses a default value of 32.

       Some variables do have a default width which may lead to truncation.   Truncation  for  vari‐
       ables which contain only numbers happens by dividing the value with a sufficient power of ten
       and adding a SI suffix to the result, that is the variable holds a value  of  54321  and  the
       width  for the variable is 4 the result will be "54 k". If that's undesired you have to spec‐
       ify a larger width manually, e.g. '**%6n**'. Here is an overview of the defaults:

          Variable  width
          **%I**         3
          **%L**         4
          **%M**        10
          **%R**         3
          **%S**         6
          **%U**         5
          **%n**         4

       If no length is given for '**%D**', the length is determined by the format string  for  the  date
       and  the date of the current day. If the date format string contains weekdays or months names
       it may happen that the date is longer than determined in the first pass. In  this  case,  the
       date  is  truncated before display. This occurs, for example, if the current month is May and
       the article to which the date is displayed was posted in December. In  such  cases  it  might
       useful to determine the maximum length manually and specify the length in the format string.

       In  case the format string contains '**%G**' and '**%d**' and no length are given, **tin** determines the
       longest newsgroup name and uses this length for '**%G**'. The remaining space will used for '**%d**'.

       When the format string contains the specifier '**%F**' and '**%s**' resp.  '**%T**'  and  no  length  are
       given, '**%F**' will use one third and '**%s**' resp. '**%T**' will use two third of the available space.

       In addition, a minimum screen width can be defined for each item (except '**%%**'). In this case,
       the item will only be displayed when the screen is wider than specified. This comes in  handy
       to  not  overload  a small screen but have maximum information on a large screen. The minimum
       screen width has to be specified by a positive number preceded by an '**>**'.  In  the  following
       example **tin** will display the score only if the screen is wider than 100 characters: '**%>100S**'.

       If  both  the length and the minimum screen width should be specified for an item, the length
       must be the first parameter and the minimum screen width must be the second one. The  follow‐
       ing  example  displays  the  score with a length of 10 characters only if the screen is wider
       than 100 characters: '**%10>100S**'.

   **TIPS** **AND** **TRICKS**
       **tin** can be pretty much be navigated by using the four cursor keys.  The left arrow  key  goes
       up  a  level,  the right arrow key goes down a level, the up arrow key goes up a line and the
       down arrow key goes down a line.

       The following newsgroups provide useful information concerning news software:
           —news.software.readers (info. about news user agents tin, rn, nn, slrn etc.)
           —news.software.nntp (info. about NNTP)
           —news.answers (Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about many different themes)

       Many prompts within **tin** offer a default choice that the cursor is positioned on. By  pressing
       '**<CR>**' the default value is taken.  Most prompts can be aborted by pressing '**<ESC>**'.

       When **tin** is run in an [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown) it will resize itself each time the [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown) is resized.

       **tin**  will reread the _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}_ file at set inter‐
       vals (**reread**___**active**___**file**___**secs**) to show any newly arrived news.

       If you find large number of new newsgroups cluttering up  your  screen,  pressing  **SelectTog**‐‐
       **gleReadDisplay** ('**r**') will make them go away.

   **XTERM** **BUTTONS**
       If  the  environment  variable **$TERM** is set to [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown), then button pressing can be used to
       select groups and articles. In this discussion, the buttons are assumed to be  assigned  con‐
       ventionally (i.e., Button1 is the left button).

       In general (i.e., for the group, thread and article menus),

       Button1 (left)
                 enters next (lower) level if you click on an article, otherwise pages down.

       Button2 (center)
                 returns  to  the previous (upper) level if you click on an article, otherwise pages
                 up.

       Button3 (right)
                 positions on the article line under mouse cursor, or pages down if  you've  clicked
                 outside the list of articles.

       In the group selection menu, if the mouse is pointing at a group then:

       left button
                 moves to and selects the group pointed at, just like **SelectReadGrp** ('**<CR>**').

       center button
                 quits the program, just like **Quit** ('**q**').

       right button
                 moves to the group pointed at.

       In the article menu, if the mouse is pointing at an article (or thread) then:

       left button
                 reads  the article pointed at, just like **GroupReadBasenote** ('**<CR>**'), or the thread,
                 just like **GroupListThd** ('**l**').

       center button
                 exits the menu, catching up on the group if you have **group**___**catchup**___**on**___**exit**  set  in
                 your configuration, just like **Quit** ('**q**').

       right button
                 moves to the article (or thread) pointed at.

       In the thread menu, if the mouse is pointing at an article then:

       left button
                 reads article pointed at, just like **ThreadReadArt** ('**<CR>**').

       center button
                 exits the menu, catching up on the thread if you have **thread**___**catchup**___**on**___**exit** set in
                 your configuration, just like **Quit** ('**q**').

       right button
                 moves to the article pointed at.

       In other menus and areas button pressing reverts back to usual cut and  paste  of  [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown),
       but after one click of any button.

   **INDEX** **FILES**
       If  your news server supports NOV index files (see [**newsoverview**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/newsoverview/5/markdown), most modern installations
       will) and you have a fast connection to your news server then this section can be ignored.

       If your news server doesn't support NOV index files or you have a  very  slow  connection  to
       your  news  server then **tin** can cache the index for each newsgroup if **cache**___**overview**___**files** is
       set to ON.  Note that this cache can use up large amounts of disk space if you read a lot  of
       groups and/or high traffic groups.

       Each  user  creates/updates  his/her  own  index  files  that are stored in _${TIN_INDEX_NEWS__‐
       _DIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news/_. If you are reading via NNTP then the news server
       name  will be appended to keep the indexes for different servers separate. If you are reading
       off the local spool and local overview files already exist then turning on caching will  have
       no  effect. Likewise unless you see significant delays entering a group when reading via NNTP
       then turning on caching will have little or no effect.

       Entering a group the first time tends to be slow because the index file must  be  built  from
       scratch.  To  alleviate  the  slowness start **tin** to create all index files for the groups you
       subscribe to with **tin** **-u** **-v** and go for a coffee. Subsequent readings of  a  group  will  only
       need  to  do incremental updating of the index file and will be much faster as only new arti‐
       cles will need to be cached.

       As indexing might take some time you may want to run **tin** from the system batcher [**cron**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/cron/8/markdown) with
       the ''**-u**'' option:

              30 6 * * * /usr/local/bin/tin -u

       If  you  are  low  on  local disk space you should consider to manually purge cached data for
       groups you are not reading anymore with something like:

              find ${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news* \
              -type f -name "[0-9]*.[0-9]" -atime +28 | xargs rm -f

## FILES
       For a detailed description see [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown).

       _$MAILCAPS_
       _~/.mailcap_
       _/etc/mailcap_
       _/usr/etc/mailcap_
       _/usr/local/etc/mailcap_
       _/etc/mail/mailcap_

       _/etc/news/server_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.cancelsecret_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.mime.types_
       _/etc/mime.types_
       _/etc/tin/mime.types_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsauth_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/$NNTPSERVER${NNTPPORT:+":$NNTPPORT"}/.oldnewsrc_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature_
       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.sigfixed_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/.inputhistory_

       _${TIN_INDEX_MAILDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.mail/_

       _${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news${NNTPSERVER:+"-$NNTPSERVER"}/_

       _${TIN_INDEX_SAVEDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.save/_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/active.mail_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/active.save_

       _/etc/tin/attributes_
       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/attributes_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/filter_

       _/etc/tin/keymap${${LC_ALL:-"${LC_CTYPE:-"${LC_MESSAGES:-"$LANG"}"}"}:+".${LC_ALL:-"${LC_CTYPE:-"${LC_MESSAGES:-"$LANG"}"}"}"}_
       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/keymap${${LC_ALL:-"${LC_CTYPE:-"${LC_MESSAGES:-"$LANG"}"}"}:+".${LC_ALL:-"${LC_CTYPE:-"${LC_MESSAGES:-"$LANG"}"}"}"}_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/mailgroups_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/newsrctable_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/posted_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail/posted_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/postponed.articles_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/$NNTPSERVER:${NNTPPORT:+":$NNTPPORT"}/newsgroups_

       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/$NNTPSERVER:${NNTPPORT:+":$NNTPPORT"}/serverrc_

       _/etc/tin/tinrc_
       _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc_

       _/etc/tin/tin.defaults_

       _/usr/local/share/locale/${LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/tin.mo_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/active.times_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/newsgroups_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/organization_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/overview.fmt_

       _${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/subscriptions_

## ENVIRONMENT
       **TINRC**  Define this variable if you want to specify command-line options that  **tin**  should  be
              started with to save typing them each time it is started. The contents of the environ‐
              ment variable are added to the front of the command-line options before it  is  parsed
              therefore allowing an option specified on the command-line to override the same option
              specified in the environment.

       **TIN**___**HOMEDIR**
              Define this variable if you do not want the _.tin_ directory in  _$HOME/_.  E.g.,  if  you
              want all **tin**'s private files in _/tmp/.tin_ you would set $**TIN**___**HOMEDIR** to _/tmp_.

       **TIN**___**INDEX**___**NEWSDIR**
              Define  this  variable  if  you  do  not  want  the  _.news_  directory  in  _${TIN_HOME__‐
              _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/_. E.g., if you want all **tin**'s news index files  in  _/tmp/.news_  you
              would set $**TIN**___**INDEX**___**NEWSDIR** to _/tmp_.

       **TIN**___**INDEX**___**MAILDIR**
              Define  this  variable  if  you  do  not  want  the  _.mail_  directory  in  _${TIN_HOME__‐
              _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/_. E.g., if you want all **tin**'s mail index files  in  _/tmp/.mail_  you
              would set $**TIN**___**INDEX**___**MAILDIR** to _/tmp_.

       **TIN**___**INDEX**___**SAVEDIR**
              Define  this  variable  if  you  do  not  want  the  _.save_  directory  in  _${TIN_HOME__‐
              _DIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/_. E.g., if you want all **tin**'s save index files  in  _/tmp/.save_  you
              would set $**TIN**___**INDEX**___**SAVEDIR** to _/tmp_.

       **TIN**___**LIBDIR**
              Define  this  variable  if  you want to override the **NEWSLIBDIR** path that was compiled
              into the **tin** binary, default is _/usr/lib/news_.  If **tin** is running in NNTP mode setting
              this variable has no effect.

       **TIN**___**SPOOLDIR**
              Define  this variable if you want to override the **SPOOLDIR** path that was compiled into
              the **tin** binary, default is _/var/spool/news_.  If **tin** is running in  NNTP  mode  setting
              this variable has no effect.

       **TIN**___**NOVROOTDIR**
              Define  this  variable  if  you want to override the **NOVROOTDIR** path that was compiled
              into the **tin** binary, default is **SPOOLDIR** (see above). If **tin** is running in  NNTP  mode
              setting this variable has no effect.

       **TIN**___**NOVFILENAME**
              Define  this variable if you want to override the **OVERVIEW**___**FILE** filename that was com‐
              piled into the **tin** binary, default is _.overview_. If **tin** is running in NNTP  mode  set‐
              ting this variable has no effect.

       **TIN**___**ACTIVEFILE**
              Define  this variable if you want to override the **NEWSLIBDIR/active** path that was com‐
              piled into the **tin** binary. If **tin** is running in NNTP mode setting this variable has no
              effect. If $**TIN**___**LIBDIR** is set it is prepended to $**TIN**___**ACTIVEFILE**.

       **NNTPSERVER**
              The default NNTP server to remotely read news from. This variable only needs to be set
              if the ''**-r**'' command-line option is specified and the file _/etc/news/server_ does  not
              exist. The ''**-g**'' command line option overrides $**NNTPSERVER**.

       **NNTPPORT**
              The  NNTP  TCP-port  to read news from. This variable only needs to be set if the TCP-
              port is not 119 (the default).  The ''**-p**'' command-line option overrides $**NNTPPORT**.

       **DISTRIBUTION**
              Set the article header field ''Distribution:'' to the contents of the variable instead
              of the system default.

       **ISO2ASC**
              Set  the  ISO  to ASCII charset decoding table character to use in decoding an article
              text. Values can range from -1 to 6.

            **-1**     no conversion

            **0**      universal table for many languages

            **1**      single-spacing universal table

            **2**      table for Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian and Swedish

            **3**      table for Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish using the  appropriate  ISO  646
                   variant

            **4**      table with **RFC1345** codes in brackets

            **5**      table for printers that allow overstriking with backspace

            **6**      table for IBM PC character set (code page 437)

       **ORGANIZATION**
              Set the article header field ''Organization:'' to the contents of the variable instead
              of the system default. If reading news on an Apollo DomainOS machine  the  environment
              variable $**NEWSORG** has to be used instead of $**ORGANIZATION**.

### NEWSORG (DomainOS)
              DomainOS specific, same as $**ORGANIZATION** on other OSs (see above).

       **REPLYTO**
              Set  the  article  header  field  ''Reply-To:'' to the return address specified by the
              variable. This is useful if you wish to receive replies at a different address.

       **NAME**   Overrides the full name given in the gecos-field in  _/etc/passwd_,  see  also  **mail**___**ad**‐‐
              **dress**.

       **REALNAME**
              Same as $**NAME**.

       **HOME**   Pathname of the user's home directory. See [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more info.

       **MAILER** This variable has precedence over the default mailer that is used in all mailing oper‐
              ations within **tin**.

       **MAIL**   Full path to the user's mailbox.

       **VISUAL** This variable has precedence over the default editor (i.e., [**vi**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vi/1/markdown)) that is used in all
              editing  operations  within **tin** (e.g., posting, replying, follow-ups, ...). Evaluation
              order is _${VISUAL:-"${EDITOR:-vi}"}_. See [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more info.

       **EDITOR** If $**VISUAL** is unset, then this variable is looked up for a default editor. If  $**EDITOR**
              and  $**VISUAL** are both unset, **tin** uses the systems default editor (i.e.  [**vi**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vi/1/markdown) on UNIX-
              systems). See [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more info.

       **AUTOSUBSCRIBE**
              A new group is checked against the list of patterns; if it matches, **tin** subscribes the
              user  to  the  group  without further query.  See the section "NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILD‐
              CARDS" for an explanation of the valid syntax. For example, setting

              _AUTOSUBSCRIBE=comp.os.unix.*,talk.*,!talk.politics.*_

              will automatically subscribe the user to all new groups in the comp.os.unix hierarchy,
              and  all  talk  groups  other  than talk.politics groups (which will be queried for as
              usual). Of course this does not work if **tin** is started with  the  ''**-X**''  command-line
              switch.

       **AUTOUNSUBSCRIBE**
              Is  handled  like the $**AUTOSUBSCRIBE** variable, but groups matching the list are unsub‐
              scribed from without further query. For example, setting

              _AUTOUNSUBSCRIBE=alt.flame.*,u*,!uk.*_

              will automatically unsubscribe the user from all new alt.flame groups and  all  groups
              starting with u (university groups) other than UK groups (which will be queried for as
              usual).

       **TMPDIR** A pathname of a directory made available for **tin** to create temporary files.

       **MAILCAPS**
              This variable can be used to override the default path search  for  [**mailcap**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mailcap/5/markdown)  files.
              See also [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown).

       **NOMETAMAIL**
              Set this variable to disable the use of [**metamail**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/metamail/1/markdown) or a replacement (e.g. metamutt).

       **MM**___**CHARSET**
              MIME character set used if not configured via the tinrc variable **mm**___**charset**.

       **ISPELL** Set this variable to point to [**ispell**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ispell/1/markdown) or a replacement and its cmd-line options.

       **PGPOPTS**
              Define any additional options that you wish to pass to your [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown) or [**gpg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gpg/1/markdown) program.

       **PGPPATH**
              Override the name of the [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown) directory in **$HOME** that holds your keys etc..

       **GNUPGHOME**
              Override the name of the [**gpg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gpg/1/markdown) directory in **$HOME** that holds your keys etc..

       **LC**___**CTYPE**
              This variable determines the [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown) category for character handling functions. Usu‐
              ally it determines the character classes for pattern matching character classification
              and  case  conversion.  Currently  this  is  not  true for **tin** (which temporary unsets
              **$LC**___**CTYPE** right before any match is done to avoid confusion).  It's value should be of
              the  form  _language_[__territory_][_.codeset_][_@modifier_]. See [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more informa‐
              tion.

       **LC**___**MESSAGES**
              Formats of informative and diagnostic messages and interactive responses.  It's  value
              should  be  of  the  form _language_[__territory_][_.codeset_][_@modifier_]. See [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown) and
              [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **LC**___**TIME**
              Date and time formats. It's value should be of  the  form  _language_[__territory_][_.code__‐
              _set_][_@modifier_]. See [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown) and [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **LC**___**ALL** This  variable  overrides the value of the **$LANG** variable and any other **$LC**___ variable.
              It's value should be of the form  _language_[__territory_][_.codeset_].  See  [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown)  and
              [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **LANG**   This  variable determines the [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown) category for any category not specifically se‐
              lected with a variable starting with **$LC**___. It's value  should  be  of  the  form  _lan__‐
              _guage_[__territory_][_.codeset_]. See [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **LANGUAGE**
              This  variable defines a priority list for translations. Whenever a translation is not
              available in the language selected via **$LC**___**ALL** or **$LANG** the  next  language  from  the
              list  is  tried.  It's  value  should be of the form _language:language[:language]_. See
              [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **COLUMNS**
              A decimal integer > 0 used to indicate the user's preferred width in column  positions
              for  the terminal screen or window. If this variable is unset or null, the implementa‐
              tion determines the number of columns, appropriate for the terminal  or  window.  When
              **$COLUMNS**  is  set, any terminal-width information implied by **$TERM** will be overridden.
              Users and portable applications should not set **$COLUMNS** unless they wish  to  override
              the system selection and produce output unrelated to the terminal characteristics.

       **LINES**  A  decimal integer > 0 used to indicate the user's preferred number of lines on a page
              or the vertical screen or window size in lines. A line in this case is a vertical mea‐
              sure  large enough to hold the tallest character in the character set being displayed.
              If this variable is unset or null, the implementation determines the number of  lines,
              appropriate for the terminal or window. When **$LINES** is set, any terminal-height infor‐
              mation implied by **$TERM** will be overridden. Users and portable applications should not
              set **$LINES** unless they wish to override the system selection.

       **TERM**   The  type  of  terminal  in  use. This is used when looking up termcap sequences.  See
              [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown) for more information.

       **DISPLAY**
              Display name, pointing to the X server; required for xface.

       **WINDOWID**
              Used for determining terminal's X window id; required for xface. Should be set by  the
              terminal emulator.

       **SHELL**  The pathname of the user's login shell. Used to set **default**___**shell**___**command**.

       **XDG**___**RUNTIME**___**DIR**
              The pathname of the user's dir to put non-essential run time files into.

## SIGNALS
       **tin** handles a couple of signals:

       **SIGHUP** Terminate gracefully.

       **SIGTERM**
              Terminate gracefully.

       **SIGUSR1**
              Terminate gracefully but do not restore terminal (tty).

       **SIGUSR2**
              Write out _${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc_-file.

## SECURITY
       If  **tin**  is  started  in debug mode (''**-D** **n**'') it will create world readable files in **$TMPDIR**
       which may contain the users NNTP password in cleartext. On multiuser-systems  **$TMPDIR**  should
       be set to a safe location before starting **tin** in debug mode (e.g.  **TMPDIR=$HOME** **tin** **-D** **1**).

## CONFORMING TO
       **tin**  does conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, Section 12, Utility
       Conventions (Utility Argument Syntax, Utility Syntax Guidelines).

## NOTES
       Regular expression support is provided by the PCRE library package  [**pcre**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcre/3/markdown),  which  is  open
       source  software, written by Philip Hazel, and copyright by the University of Cambridge, Eng‐
       land.
       <<https://www.pcre.org/>>

## BUGS
       **CNews** NNTPd, [**noffle**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/noffle/1/markdown) (<= V1.0-pre5) and **NewsCache** (<= V1.1.91) can't handle pipelined GROUP
       commands. If you run into trouble with any of the mentioned servers define DISABLE_PIPELINING
       in include/autoconf.h and recompile.
       Before mailing a bug-report to <<tin-bugs@tin.org>> please check if you are  using  the  latest
       (stable)  release,  and  if  not,  please upgrade first! Have a look at the doc/TODO file for
       known bugs. If you still think you've found a bug, please use the  **BugReport**  ('**R**')  function
       and  write  in English. Please do NOT enclose a core-file in your bug-report until we request
       it.

## HISTORY
       **tin** is based on the [**tass**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tass/1/markdown) newsreader that was developed  by  Rich  Skrenta  and  posted  to
       alt.sources  in  March 1991; its first version was released on August 23rd 1991.  [**tass**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tass/1/markdown) it‐
       self was heavily influenced by notesfiles a public domain UNIX version of PLATO Notes, devel‐
       oped at the University of Illinois by Ray Essick and Rob Kolstad in 1982. For a version over‐
       view see
       <<http://www.tin.org/history.html>>.

## CREDITS
       Rich Skrenta
              author of [**tass**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tass/1/markdown) v3.2 which this newsreader used as its base.

       Bill Davidsen
              author of envarg.c environment variable reading routine.

       Mike Gleason
              author of sigfile.c random signature generation routines.

       Markus Kuhn <<Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk>>
              author of langinfo.c, charset.c and iso2asc.txt ISO-8859-1 documentation.

       Arnold Robbins
              author of strftime.c date formatting routine.

       Rich Salz
              author of wildmat.c pattern matching and parsdate.y date parsing routines.

       Dave Taylor
              author of curses.c from the [**elm**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/elm/1/markdown) mailreader.

       Chris Thewalt
              author of getline.c [**emacs**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/emacs/1/markdown) style editing routine.

       Steven Madsen
              for adding [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown) (Pretty Good Privacy) support.

       Philip Hazel <<ph10@cam.ac.uk>>
              for [**pcre**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcre/3/markdown) (Perl-compatible regular expression library).

       Patrick Powell <<papowell@astart.com>>
              for [**snprintf**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snprintf/3/markdown) and [**vsnprintf**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vsnprintf/3/markdown) fallbacks.

## AUTHOR
       Iain Lea <<iain@bricbrac.de>>

## MAINTAINER
       Urs Janssen <<urs@tin.org>>

## SEE ALSO
       [**elm**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/elm/1/markdown),  [**emacs**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/emacs/1/markdown),  [**gpg**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gpg/1/markdown),  [**inews**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/inews/1/markdown),  [**ispell**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ispell/1/markdown),  [**lp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lp/1/markdown),  [**lpr**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lpr/1/markdown),   [**metamail**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/metamail/1/markdown),   [**mutt**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mutt/1/markdown),
       [**noffle**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/noffle/1/markdown),  [**perl**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/perl/1/markdown),  [**perlre**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/perlre/1/markdown),  [**pgp**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgp/1/markdown),  [**rn**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/rn/1/markdown), [**sendmail**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sendmail/1/markdown), [**shar**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/shar/1/markdown), [**slrnface**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/slrnface/1/markdown), [**tass**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tass/1/markdown),
       [**unshar**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/unshar/1/markdown),   [**uudecode**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/uudecode/1/markdown),   [**vi**(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vi/1/markdown),   [**xterm**(1x)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/xterm/1x/markdown),   [**heapsort**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/heapsort/3/markdown),    [**iconv**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/iconv/3/markdown),    **iconv**___**[open**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/open/3/markdown),
       **nl**___**[langinfo**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/langinfo/3/markdown),  [**pcre**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcre/3/markdown),  [**pcrepattern**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcrepattern/3/markdown),  [**qsort**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/qsort/3/markdown), [**snprintf**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/snprintf/3/markdown), [**strftime**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/strftime/3/markdown), [**vsnprintf**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/vsnprintf/3/markdown),
       [**wildmat**(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/wildmat/3/markdown), [**environ**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/environ/5/markdown), [**locale**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/locale/5/markdown), [**mailcap**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mailcap/5/markdown),  [**mbox**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mbox/5/markdown),  [**mmdf**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mmdf/5/markdown),  [**newsoverview**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/newsoverview/5/markdown),  [**tin**(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/5/markdown),
       [**cron**(8)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/cron/8/markdown),  **RFC1345**,  **RFC1524**,  **RFC2045**,  **RFC2046**, **RFC2047**, **RFC2048**, **RFC2231**, **RFC2980**, **RFC3156**,
       **RFC3977**, **RFC4155**, **RFC4643**, **RFC4880**, **RFC5322**, **RFC5536**, **RFC5537**, **RFC6048**



2.6.2                                    December 24th, 2021                                  [tin(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tin/1/markdown)