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            "text": "# SYSTEMD.NETWORK(5) (man)\n\n**Summary:** systemd.network - Network configuration\n\n**Synopsis:** network.network\n\n## Examples\n\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp2s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Address=192.168.0.15/24`\n- `Gateway=192.168.0.1`\n- `This brings interface \"enp2s0\" up with a static address. The specified gateway will be used`\n- `for a default route.`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=en*`\n- `[Network]`\n- `DHCP=yes`\n- `This will enable DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 on all interfaces with names starting with \"en\" (i.e.`\n- `ethernet interfaces).`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/55-ipv6-pd-upstream.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp1s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `DHCP=ipv6`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/56-ipv6-pd-downstream.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp2s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `IPv6SendRA=yes`\n- `DHCPv6PrefixDelegation=yes`\n- `This will enable DHCPv6-PD on the interface enp1s0 as an upstream interface where the DHCPv6`\n- `client is running and enp2s0 as a downstream interface where the prefix is delegated to. The`\n- `delegated prefixes are distributed by IPv6 Router Advertisement on the downstream network.`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-static.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=bridge0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Address=192.168.0.15/24`\n- `Gateway=192.168.0.1`\n- `DNS=192.168.0.1`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp2s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Bridge=bridge0`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-2.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=wlp3s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Bridge=bridge0`\n- `This creates a bridge and attaches devices \"enp2s0\" and \"wlp3s0\" to it. The bridge will have`\n- `the specified static address and network assigned, and a default route via the specified`\n- `gateway will be added. The specified DNS server will be added to the global list of DNS`\n- `resolvers.`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp2s0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Bridge=bridge0`\n- `[BridgeVLAN]`\n- `VLAN=1-32`\n- `PVID=42`\n- `EgressUntagged=42`\n- `[BridgeVLAN]`\n- `VLAN=100-200`\n- `[BridgeVLAN]`\n- `EgressUntagged=300-400`\n- `This overrides the configuration specified in the previous example for the interface`\n- `\"enp2s0\", and enables VLAN on that bridge port. VLAN IDs 1-32, 42, 100-400 will be allowed.`\n- `Packets tagged with VLAN IDs 42, 300-400 will be untagged when they leave on this interface.`\n- `Untagged packets which arrive on this interface will be assigned VLAN ID 42.`\n- `/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnels.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=ens1`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Tunnel=ipip-tun`\n- `Tunnel=sit-tun`\n- `Tunnel=gre-tun`\n- `Tunnel=vti-tun`\n- `/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-ipip.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=ipip-tun`\n- `Kind=ipip`\n- `/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-sit.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=sit-tun`\n- `Kind=sit`\n- `/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-gre.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=gre-tun`\n- `Kind=gre`\n- `/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-vti.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=vti-tun`\n- `Kind=vti`\n- `This will bring interface \"ens1\" up and create an IPIP tunnel, a SIT tunnel, a GRE tunnel,`\n- `and a VTI tunnel using it.`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=bond1`\n- `[Network]`\n- `DHCP=ipv6`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=bond1`\n- `Kind=bond`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev1.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:41`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Bond=bond1`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev2.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:42`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Bond=bond1`\n- `This will create a bond device \"bond1\" and enslave the two devices with MAC addresses`\n- `52:54:00:e9:64:41 and 52:54:00:e9:64:42 to it. IPv6 DHCP will be used to acquire an address.`\n- `Add the \"bond1\" interface to the VRF master interface \"vrf1\". This will redirect routes`\n- `generated on this interface to be within the routing table defined during VRF creation. For`\n- `kernels before 4.8 traffic won't be redirected towards the VRFs routing table unless specific`\n- `ip-rules are added.`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/25-vrf.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=bond1`\n- `[Network]`\n- `VRF=vrf1`\n- `This brings up a network interface \"macvtap-test\" and attaches it to \"enp0s25\".`\n- `# /lib/systemd/network/25-macvtap.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=enp0s25`\n- `[Network]`\n- `MACVTAP=macvtap-test`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/27-xfrm.netdev`\n- `[NetDev]`\n- `Name=xfrm0`\n- `Kind=xfrm`\n- `[Xfrm]`\n- `InterfaceId=7`\n- `# /etc/systemd/network/27-eth0.network`\n- `[Match]`\n- `Name=eth0`\n- `[Network]`\n- `Xfrm=xfrm0`\n- `This creates a \"xfrm0\" interface and binds it to the \"eth0\" device. This allows hardware`\n- `based ipsec offloading to the \"eth0\" nic. If offloading is not needed, xfrm interfaces can be`\n- `assigned to the \"lo\" device.`\n\n## See Also\n\n- systemd(1)\n- systemd-networkd.service(8)\n- systemd.link(5)\n- systemd.netdev(5)\n- resolved.service(8)\n\n## Section Outline\n\n- **NAME** (2 lines)\n- **SYNOPSIS** (2 lines)\n- **DESCRIPTION** (30 lines) — 50 subsections\n  - [MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS (126 lines)\n  - [LINK] SECTION OPTIONS (97 lines)\n  - [SR-IOV] SECTION OPTIONS (47 lines)\n  - [NETWORK] SECTION OPTIONS (417 lines)\n  - [ADDRESS] SECTION OPTIONS (72 lines)\n  - [NEIGHBOR] SECTION OPTIONS (11 lines)\n  - [IPV6ADDRESSLABEL] SECTION OPTIONS (13 lines)\n  - [ROUTINGPOLICYRULE] SECTION OPTIONS (72 lines)\n  - [NEXTHOP] SECTION OPTIONS (33 lines)\n  - [ROUTE] SECTION OPTIONS (128 lines)\n  - [DHCPV4] SECTION OPTIONS (202 lines)\n  - [DHCPV6] SECTION OPTIONS (73 lines)\n  - [DHCPV6PREFIXDELEGATION] SECTION OPTIONS (35 lines)\n  - [IPV6ACCEPTRA] SECTION OPTIONS (74 lines)\n  - [DHCPSERVER] SECTION OPTIONS (107 lines)\n  - [DHCPSERVERSTATICLEASE] SECTION OPTIONS (11 lines)\n  - [IPV6SENDRA] SECTION OPTIONS (40 lines)\n  - [IPV6PREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS (28 lines)\n  - [IPV6ROUTEPREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS (13 lines)\n  - [BRIDGE] SECTION OPTIONS (71 lines)\n  - [BRIDGEFDB] SECTION OPTIONS (31 lines)\n  - [BRIDGEMDB] SECTION OPTIONS (11 lines)\n  - [LLDP] SECTION OPTIONS (11 lines)\n  - [CAN] SECTION OPTIONS (53 lines)\n  - [QDISC] SECTION OPTIONS (10 lines)\n  - [NETWORKEMULATOR] SECTION OPTIONS (35 lines)\n  - [TOKENBUCKETFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS (48 lines)\n  - [PIE] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n  - [FLOWQUEUEPIE] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n  - [STOCHASTICFAIRBLUE] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n  - [STOCHASTICFAIRNESSQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS (16 lines)\n  - [BFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS (20 lines)\n  - [PFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS (19 lines)\n  - [PFIFOHEADDROP] SECTION OPTIONS (16 lines)\n  - [PFIFOFAST] SECTION OPTIONS (13 lines)\n  - [CAKE] SECTION OPTIONS (23 lines)\n  - [CONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS (34 lines)\n  - [DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULER] SECTION OPTIONS (13 lines)\n  - [DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULERCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS (20 lines)\n  - [ENHANCEDTRANSMISSIONSELECTION] SECTION OPTIONS (37 lines)\n  - [GENERICRANDOMEARLYDETECTION] SECTION OPTIONS (25 lines)\n  - [FAIRQUEUEINGCONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS (49 lines)\n  - [FAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS (55 lines)\n  - [TRIVIALLINKEQUALIZER] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n  - [HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKET] SECTION OPTIONS (21 lines)\n  - [HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKETCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS (53 lines)\n  - [HEAVYHITTERFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n  - [QUICKFAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS (13 lines)\n  - [QUICKFAIRQUEUEINGCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS (23 lines)\n  - [BRIDGEVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS (18 lines)\n- **EXAMPLES** (1 lines) — 10 subsections\n  - Example 1. Static network configuration (11 lines)\n  - Example 2. DHCP on ethernet links (10 lines)\n  - Example 3. IPv6 Prefix Delegation (19 lines)\n  - Example 4. A bridge with two enslaved links (28 lines)\n  - Example 5. Bridge port with VLAN forwarding (23 lines)\n  - Example 6. Various tunnels (38 lines)\n  - Example 7. A bond device (29 lines)\n  - Example 8. Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) (12 lines)\n  - Example 9. MacVTap (9 lines)\n  - Example 10. A Xfrm interface with physical underlying device (19 lines)\n- **SEE ALSO** (3 lines)\n- **NOTES** (72 lines)\n\n## Full Content\n\n### NAME\n\nsystemd.network - Network configuration\n\n### SYNOPSIS\n\nnetwork.network\n\n### DESCRIPTION\n\nA plain ini-style text file that encodes network configuration for matching network\ninterfaces, used by systemd-networkd(8). See systemd.syntax(7) for a general description of\nthe syntax.\n\nThe main network file must have the extension .network; other extensions are ignored.\nNetworks are applied to links whenever the links appear.\n\nThe .network files are read from the files located in the system network directories\n/lib/systemd/network and /usr/local/lib/systemd/network, the volatile runtime network\ndirectory /run/systemd/network and the local administration network directory\n/etc/systemd/network. All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in\nlexical order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with\nidentical filenames replace each other. Files in /etc/ have the highest priority, files in\n/run/ take precedence over files with the same name under /usr/. This can be used to override\na system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed. As a special case, an empty\nfile (file size 0) or symlink with the same name pointing to /dev/null disables the\nconfiguration file entirely (it is \"masked\").\n\nAlong with the network file foo.network, a \"drop-in\" directory foo.network.d/ may exist. All\nfiles with the suffix \".conf\" from this directory will be merged in the alphanumeric order\nand parsed after the main file itself has been parsed. This is useful to alter or add\nconfiguration settings, without having to modify the main configuration file. Each drop-in\nfile must have appropriate section headers.\n\nIn addition to /etc/systemd/network, drop-in \".d\" directories can be placed in\n/lib/systemd/network or /run/systemd/network directories. Drop-in files in /etc/ take\nprecedence over those in /run/ which in turn take precedence over those in /lib/. Drop-in\nfiles under any of these directories take precedence over the main network file wherever\nlocated.\n\n#### [MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe network file contains a [Match] section, which determines if a given network file may be\napplied to a given device; and a [Network] section specifying how the device should be\nconfigured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device is\napplied, all later files are ignored, even if they match as well.\n\nNote that any network interfaces that have the IDNETMANAGEDBY= udev property set will\nnever be matched by any .network files – unless the property's value is the string\n\"io.systemd.Network\" – even if the [Match] section would otherwise match. This may be used to\nexclude specific network interfaces from systemd-networkd's management, while keeping the\n[Match] section generic. The IDNETMANAGEDBY= poperty thus declares intended ownership of\nthe device, and permits ensuring that concurrent network management implementations do not\ncompete for management of specific devices.\n\nA network file is said to match a network interface if all matches specified by the [Match]\nsection are satisfied. When a network file does not contain valid settings in [Match]\nsection, then the file will match all interfaces and systemd-networkd warns about that. Hint:\nto avoid the warning and to make it clear that all interfaces shall be matched, add the\nfollowing:\n\nName=*\n\nThe following keys are accepted:\n\nMACAddress=\nA whitespace-separated list of hardware addresses. Use full colon-, hyphen- or\ndot-delimited hexadecimal. See the example below. This option may appear more than once,\nin which case the lists are merged. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the\nlist of hardware addresses defined prior to this is reset.\n\nExample:\n\nMACAddress=01:23:45:67:89:ab 00-11-22-33-44-55 AABB.CCDD.EEFF\n\nPermanentMACAddress=\nA whitespace-separated list of hardware's permanent addresses. While MACAddress= matches\nthe device's current MAC address, this matches the device's permanent MAC address, which\nmay be different from the current one. Use full colon-, hyphen- or dot-delimited\nhexadecimal. This option may appear more than once, in which case the lists are merged.\nIf the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of hardware addresses defined\nprior to this is reset.\n\nPath=\nA whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the persistent path, as exposed\nby the udev property IDPATH.\n\nDriver=\nA whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the driver currently bound to\nthe device, as exposed by the udev property IDNETDRIVER of its parent device, or if\nthat is not set, the driver as exposed by ethtool -i of the device itself. If the list is\nprefixed with a \"!\", the test is inverted.\n\nType=\nA whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the device type, as exposed by\nnetworkctl list. If the list is prefixed with a \"!\", the test is inverted. Some valid\nvalues are \"ether\", \"loopback\", \"wlan\", \"wwan\". Valid types are named either from the\nudev \"DEVTYPE\" attribute, or \"ARPHRD\" macros in linux/ifarp.h, so this is not\ncomprehensive.\n\nProperty=\nA whitespace-separated list of udev property names with their values after equals sign\n(\"=\"). If multiple properties are specified, the test results are ANDed. If the list is\nprefixed with a \"!\", the test is inverted. If a value contains white spaces, then please\nquote whole key and value pair. If a value contains quotation, then please escape the\nquotation with \"\\\".\n\nExample: if a .link file has the following:\n\nProperty=IDMODELID=9999 \"IDVENDORFROMDATABASE=vendor name\" \"KEY=with \\\"quotation\\\"\"\n\nthen, the .link file matches only when an interface has all the above three properties.\n\nName=\nA whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the device name, as exposed by\nthe udev property \"INTERFACE\", or device's alternative names. If the list is prefixed\nwith a \"!\", the test is inverted.\n\nWLANInterfaceType=\nA whitespace-separated list of wireless network type. Supported values are \"ad-hoc\",\n\"station\", \"ap\", \"ap-vlan\", \"wds\", \"monitor\", \"mesh-point\", \"p2p-client\", \"p2p-go\",\n\"p2p-device\", \"ocb\", and \"nan\". If the list is prefixed with a \"!\", the test is inverted.\n\nSSID=\nA whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the SSID of the currently\nconnected wireless LAN. If the list is prefixed with a \"!\", the test is inverted.\n\nBSSID=\nA whitespace-separated list of hardware address of the currently connected wireless LAN.\nUse full colon-, hyphen- or dot-delimited hexadecimal. See the example in MACAddress=.\nThis option may appear more than once, in which case the lists are merged. If the empty\nstring is assigned to this option, the list is reset.\n\nHost=\nMatches against the hostname or machine ID of the host. See ConditionHost= in\nsystemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark (\"!\"), the result is\nnegated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously assigned value is cleared.\n\nVirtualization=\nChecks whether the system is executed in a virtualized environment and optionally test\nwhether it is a specific implementation. See ConditionVirtualization= in systemd.unit(5)\nfor details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark (\"!\"), the result is negated. If an\nempty string is assigned, then previously assigned value is cleared.\n\nKernelCommandLine=\nChecks whether a specific kernel command line option is set. See\nConditionKernelCommandLine= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an\nexclamation mark (\"!\"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then\npreviously assigned value is cleared.\n\nKernelVersion=\nChecks whether the kernel version (as reported by uname -r) matches a certain expression.\nSee ConditionKernelVersion= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an\nexclamation mark (\"!\"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then\npreviously assigned value is cleared.\n\nArchitecture=\nChecks whether the system is running on a specific architecture. See\nConditionArchitecture= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation\nmark (\"!\"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously\nassigned value is cleared.\n\nFirmware=\nChecks whether the system is running on a machine with the specified firmware. See\nConditionFirmware= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark\n(\"!\"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, then previously assigned\nvalue is cleared.\n\n#### [LINK] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [Link] section accepts the following keys:\n\nMACAddress=\nThe hardware address to set for the device.\n\nMTUBytes=\nThe maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the device. The usual suffixes K, M, G,\nare supported and are understood to the base of 1024.\n\nNote that if IPv6 is enabled on the interface, and the MTU is chosen below 1280 (the\nminimum MTU for IPv6) it will automatically be increased to this value.\n\nARP=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, the ARP (low-level Address Resolution Protocol) for this\ninterface is enabled. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nFor example, disabling ARP is useful when creating multiple MACVLAN or VLAN virtual\ninterfaces atop a single lower-level physical interface, which will then only serve as a\nlink/\"bridge\" device aggregating traffic to the same physical link and not participate in\nthe network otherwise. Defaults to unset.\n\nMulticast=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, the multicast flag on the device is enabled. Defaults to\nunset.\n\nAllMulticast=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, the driver retrieves all multicast packets from the\nnetwork. This happens when multicast routing is enabled. Defaults to unset.\n\nPromiscuous=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, promiscuous mode of the interface is enabled. Defaults\nto unset.\n\nUnmanaged=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", no attempts are made to bring up or configure matching\nlinks, equivalent to when there are no matching network files. Defaults to \"no\".\n\nThis is useful for preventing later matching network files from interfering with certain\ninterfaces that are fully controlled by other applications.\n\nGroup=\nLink groups are similar to port ranges found in managed switches. When network interfaces\nare added to a numbered group, operations on all the interfaces from that group can be\nperformed at once. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 0...4294967295. Defaults to\nunset.\n\nRequiredForOnline=\nTakes a boolean or a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational state.\nPlease see networkctl(1) for possible operational states. When \"yes\", the network is\ndeemed required when determining whether the system is online (including when running\nsystemd-networkd-wait-online). When \"no\", the network is ignored when determining the\nonline state. When a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational state\nare set, \"yes\" is implied, and this controls the minimum and maximum operational state\nrequired for the network interface to be considered online.\n\nDefaults to \"yes\" when ActivationPolicy= is not set, or set to \"up\", \"always-up\", or\n\"bound\". Defaults to \"no\" when ActivationPolicy= is set to \"manual\" or \"down\". This is\nforced to \"no\" when ActivationPolicy= is set to \"always-down\".\n\nThe network will be brought up normally (as configured by ActivationPolicy=), but in the\nevent that there is no address being assigned by DHCP or the cable is not plugged in, the\nlink will simply remain offline and be skipped automatically by\nsystemd-networkd-wait-online if \"RequiredForOnline=no\".\n\nRequiredFamilyForOnline=\nTakes an address family. When specified, an IP address in the given family is deemed\nrequired when determining whether the link is online (including when running\nsystemd-networkd-wait-online). Takes one of \"ipv4\", \"ipv6\", \"both\", or \"any\". Defaults to\n\"any\". Note that this option has no effect if \"RequiredForOnline=no\", or if\n\"RequiredForOnline=\" specifies a minimum operational state below \"degraded\".\n\nActivationPolicy=\nSpecifies the policy for systemd-networkd managing the link administrative state.\nSpecifically, this controls how systemd-networkd changes the network device's \"IFFUP\"\nflag, which is sometimes controlled by system administrators by running e.g., ip link set\ndev eth0 up or ip link set dev eth0 down, and can also be changed with networkctl up eth0\nor networkctl down eth0.\n\nTakes one of \"up\", \"always-up\", \"manual\", \"always-down\", \"down\", or \"bound\". When\n\"manual\", systemd-networkd will not change the link's admin state automatically; the\nsystem administrator must bring the interface up or down manually, as desired. When \"up\"\n(the default) or \"always-up\", or \"down\" or \"always-down\", systemd-networkd will set the\nlink up or down, respectively, when the interface is (re)configured. When \"always-up\" or\n\"always-down\", systemd-networkd will set the link up or down, respectively, any time\nsystemd-networkd detects a change in the administrative state. When BindCarrier= is also\nset, this is automatically set to \"bound\" and any other value is ignored.\n\nWhen the policy is set to \"down\" or \"manual\", the default value of RequiredForOnline= is\n\"no\". When the policy is set to \"always-down\", the value of RequiredForOnline= forced to\n\"no\".\n\nThe administrative state is not the same as the carrier state, so using \"always-up\" does\nnot mean the link will never lose carrier. The link carrier depends on both the\nadministrative state as well as the network device's physical connection. However, to\navoid reconfiguration failures, when using \"always-up\", IgnoreCarrierLoss= is forced to\ntrue.\n\n#### [SR-IOV] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [SR-IOV] section accepts the following keys. Specify several [SR-IOV] sections to\nconfigure several SR-IOVs. SR-IOV provides the ability to partition a single physical PCI\nresource into virtual PCI functions which can then be injected into a VM. In the case of\nnetwork VFs, SR-IOV improves north-south network performance (that is, traffic with endpoints\noutside the host machine) by allowing traffic to bypass the host machine’s network stack.\n\nVirtualFunction=\nSpecifies a Virtual Function (VF), lightweight PCIe function designed solely to move data\nin and out. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 0...2147483646. This option is\ncompulsory.\n\nVLANId=\nSpecifies VLAN ID of the virtual function. Takes an unsigned integer in the range\n1...4095.\n\nQualityOfService=\nSpecifies quality of service of the virtual function. Takes an unsigned integer in the\nrange 1...4294967294.\n\nVLANProtocol=\nSpecifies VLAN protocol of the virtual function. Takes \"802.1Q\" or \"802.1ad\".\n\nMACSpoofCheck=\nTakes a boolean. Controls the MAC spoof checking. When unset, the kernel's default will\nbe used.\n\nQueryReceiveSideScaling=\nTakes a boolean. Toggle the ability of querying the receive side scaling (RSS)\nconfiguration of the virtual function (VF). The VF RSS information like RSS hash key may\nbe considered sensitive on some devices where this information is shared between VF and\nthe physical function (PF). When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nTrust=\nTakes a boolean. Allows to set trust mode of the virtual function (VF). When set, VF\nusers can set a specific feature which may impact security and/or performance. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nLinkState=\nAllows to set the link state of the virtual function (VF). Takes a boolean or a special\nvalue \"auto\". Setting to \"auto\" means a reflection of the physical function (PF) link\nstate, \"yes\" lets the VF to communicate with other VFs on this host even if the PF link\nstate is down, \"no\" causes the hardware to drop any packets sent by the VF. When unset,\nthe kernel's default will be used.\n\nMACAddress=\nSpecifies the MAC address for the virtual function.\n\n#### [NETWORK] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [Network] section accepts the following keys:\n\nDescription=\nA description of the device. This is only used for presentation purposes.\n\nDHCP=\nEnables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 client support. Accepts \"yes\", \"no\", \"ipv4\", or \"ipv6\".\nDefaults to \"no\".\n\nNote that DHCPv6 will by default be triggered by Router Advertisement, if that is\nenabled, regardless of this parameter. By enabling DHCPv6 support explicitly, the DHCPv6\nclient will be started regardless of the presence of routers on the link, or what flags\nthe routers pass. See \"IPv6AcceptRA=\".\n\nFurthermore, note that by default the domain name specified through DHCP, on Ubuntu, are\nused for name resolution. See option UseDomains= below.\n\nSee the [DHCPv4] or [DHCPv6] sections below for further configuration options for the\nDHCP client support.\n\nDHCPServer=\nTakes a boolean. If set to \"yes\", DHCPv4 server will be started. Defaults to \"no\".\nFurther settings for the DHCP server may be set in the [DHCPServer] section described\nbelow.\n\nLinkLocalAddressing=\nEnables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts yes, no, ipv4, and ipv6. An IPv6\nlink-local address is configured when yes or ipv6. An IPv4 link-local address is\nconfigured when yes or ipv4 and when DHCPv4 autoconfiguration has been unsuccessful for\nsome time. (IPv4 link-local address autoconfiguration will usually happen in parallel\nwith repeated attempts to acquire a DHCPv4 lease).\n\nDefaults to no when Bridge=yes is set, and ipv6 otherwise.\n\nIPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode=\nSpecifies how IPv6 link local address is generated. Takes one of \"eui64\", \"none\",\n\"stable-privacy\" and \"random\". When unset, \"stable-privacy\" is used if\nIPv6StableSecretAddress= is specified, and if not, \"eui64\" is used. Note that if\nLinkLocalAddressing= is \"no\" or \"ipv4\", then IPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode= will be\nignored. Also, even if LinkLocalAddressing= is \"yes\" or \"ipv6\", setting\nIPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode=none disables to configure an IPv6 link-local address.\n\nIPv6StableSecretAddress=\nTakes an IPv6 address. The specified address will be used as a stable secret for\ngenerating IPv6 link-local address. If this setting is specified, and\nIPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode= is unset, then\nIPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode=stable-privacy is implied. If this setting is not\nspecified, and \"stable-privacy\" is set to IPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode=, then a\nstable secret address will be generated from the local machine ID and the interface name.\n\nIPv4LLRoute=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, sets up the route needed for non-IPv4LL hosts to\ncommunicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults to false.\n\nDefaultRouteOnDevice=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, sets up the default route bound to the interface.\nDefaults to false. This is useful when creating routes on point-to-point interfaces. This\nis equivalent to e.g. the following,\n\nip route add default dev veth99\n\nor,\n\n[Route]\nGateway=0.0.0.0\n\nCurrently, there are no way to specify e.g., the table for the route configured by this\nsetting. To configure the default route with such an additional property, please use the\nfollowing instead:\n\n[Route]\nGateway=0.0.0.0\nTable=1234\n\nIPv6Token=\nSpecifies an optional address generation mode for the Stateless Address Autoconfiguration\n(SLAAC). Supported modes are \"prefixstable\" and \"static\".\n\nWhen the mode is set to \"static\", an IPv6 address must be specified after a colon (\":\"),\nand the lower bits of the supplied address are combined with the upper bits of a prefix\nreceived in a Router Advertisement (RA) message to form a complete address. Note that if\nmultiple prefixes are received in an RA message, or in multiple RA messages, addresses\nwill be formed from each of them using the supplied address. This mode implements SLAAC\nbut uses a static interface identifier instead of an identifier generated by using the\nEUI-64 algorithm. Because the interface identifier is static, if Duplicate Address\nDetection detects that the computed address is a duplicate (in use by another node on the\nlink), then this mode will fail to provide an address for that prefix. If an IPv6 address\nwithout mode is specified, then \"static\" mode is assumed.\n\nWhen the mode is set to \"prefixstable\" the RFC 7217[1] algorithm for generating interface\nidentifiers will be used. This mode can optionally take an IPv6 address separated with a\ncolon (\":\"). If an IPv6 address is specified, then an interface identifier is generated\nonly when a prefix received in an RA message matches the supplied address.\n\nIf no address generation mode is specified (which is the default), or a received prefix\ndoes not match any of the addresses provided in \"prefixstable\" mode, then the EUI-64\nalgorithm will be used to form an interface identifier for that prefix. This mode is also\nSLAAC, but with a potentially stable interface identifier which does not directly map to\nthe interface's hardware address.\n\nNote that the \"prefixstable\" algorithm uses both the interface name and MAC address as\ninput to the hash to compute the interface identifier, so if either of those are changed\nthe resulting interface identifier (and address) will change, even if the prefix received\nin the RA message has not changed.\n\nThis setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is assigned, then the\nall previous assignments are cleared.\n\nExamples:\n\nIPv6Token=::1a:2b:3c:4d\nIPv6Token=static:::1a:2b:3c:4d\nIPv6Token=prefixstable\nIPv6Token=prefixstable:2002:da8:1::\n\nLLMNR=\nTakes a boolean or \"resolve\". When true, enables Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution[2]\non the link. When set to \"resolve\", only resolution is enabled, but not host registration\nand announcement. Defaults to true. This setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8).\n\nMulticastDNS=\nTakes a boolean or \"resolve\". When true, enables Multicast DNS[3] support on the link.\nWhen set to \"resolve\", only resolution is enabled, but not host or service registration\nand announcement. Defaults to false. This setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8).\n\nDNSOverTLS=\nTakes a boolean or \"opportunistic\". When true, enables DNS-over-TLS[4] support on the\nlink. When set to \"opportunistic\", compatibility with non-DNS-over-TLS servers is\nincreased, by automatically turning off DNS-over-TLS servers in this case. This option\ndefines a per-interface setting for resolved.conf(5)'s global DNSOverTLS= option.\nDefaults to false. This setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8).\n\nDNSSEC=\nTakes a boolean or \"allow-downgrade\". When true, enables DNSSEC[5] DNS validation support\non the link. When set to \"allow-downgrade\", compatibility with non-DNSSEC capable\nnetworks is increased, by automatically turning off DNSSEC in this case. This option\ndefines a per-interface setting for resolved.conf(5)'s global DNSSEC= option. Defaults to\nfalse. This setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8).\n\nDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors=\nA space-separated list of DNSSEC negative trust anchor domains. If specified and DNSSEC\nis enabled, look-ups done via the interface's DNS server will be subject to the list of\nnegative trust anchors, and not require authentication for the specified domains, or\nanything below it. Use this to disable DNSSEC authentication for specific private\ndomains, that cannot be proven valid using the Internet DNS hierarchy. Defaults to the\nempty list. This setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8).\n\nLLDP=\nControls support for Ethernet LLDP packet reception. LLDP is a link-layer protocol\ncommonly implemented on professional routers and bridges which announces which physical\nport a system is connected to, as well as other related data. Accepts a boolean or the\nspecial value \"routers-only\". When true, incoming LLDP packets are accepted and a\ndatabase of all LLDP neighbors maintained. If \"routers-only\" is set only LLDP data of\nvarious types of routers is collected and LLDP data about other types of devices ignored\n(such as stations, telephones and others). If false, LLDP reception is disabled. Defaults\nto \"routers-only\". Use networkctl(1) to query the collected neighbor data. LLDP is only\navailable on Ethernet links. See EmitLLDP= below for enabling LLDP packet emission from\nthe local system.\n\nEmitLLDP=\nControls support for Ethernet LLDP packet emission. Accepts a boolean parameter or the\nspecial values \"nearest-bridge\", \"non-tpmr-bridge\" and \"customer-bridge\". Defaults to\nfalse, which turns off LLDP packet emission. If not false, a short LLDP packet with\ninformation about the local system is sent out in regular intervals on the link. The LLDP\npacket will contain information about the local hostname, the local machine ID (as stored\nin machine-id(5)) and the local interface name, as well as the pretty hostname of the\nsystem (as set in machine-info(5)). LLDP emission is only available on Ethernet links.\nNote that this setting passes data suitable for identification of host to the network and\nshould thus not be enabled on untrusted networks, where such identification data should\nnot be made available. Use this option to permit other systems to identify on which\ninterfaces they are connected to this system. The three special values control\npropagation of the LLDP packets. The \"nearest-bridge\" setting permits propagation only to\nthe nearest connected bridge, \"non-tpmr-bridge\" permits propagation across Two-Port MAC\nRelays, but not any other bridges, and \"customer-bridge\" permits propagation until a\ncustomer bridge is reached. For details about these concepts, see IEEE 802.1AB-2016[6].\nNote that configuring this setting to true is equivalent to \"nearest-bridge\", the\nrecommended and most restricted level of propagation. See LLDP= above for an option to\nenable LLDP reception.\n\nBindCarrier=\nA link name or a list of link names. When set, controls the behavior of the current link.\nWhen all links in the list are in an operational down state, the current link is brought\ndown. When at least one link has carrier, the current interface is brought up.\n\nThis forces ActivationPolicy= to be set to \"bound\".\n\nAddress=\nA static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length, separated by a \"/\" character.\nSpecify this key more than once to configure several addresses. The format of the address\nmust be as described in inetpton(3). This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only\ncontaining an Address key (see below). This option may be specified more than once.\n\nIf the specified address is \"0.0.0.0\" (for IPv4) or \"::\" (for IPv6), a new address range\nof the requested size is automatically allocated from a system-wide pool of unused\nranges. Note that the prefix length must be equal or larger than 8 for IPv4, and 64 for\nIPv6. The allocated range is checked against all current network interfaces and all known\nnetwork configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The default system-wide\npool consists of 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fd00::/8 for\nIPv6. This functionality is useful to manage a large number of dynamically created\nnetwork interfaces with the same network configuration and automatic address range\nassignment.\n\nGateway=\nThe gateway address, which must be in the format described in inetpton(3). This is a\nshort-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway key. This option may be\nspecified more than once.\n\nDNS=\nA DNS server address, which must be in the format described in inetpton(3). This option\nmay be specified more than once. Each address can optionally take a port number separated\nwith \":\", a network interface name or index separated with \"%\", and a Server Name\nIndication (SNI) separated with \"#\". When IPv6 address is specified with a port number,\nthen the address must be in the square brackets. That is, the acceptable full formats are\n\"111.222.333.444:9953%ifname#example.com\" for IPv4 and\n\"[1111:2222::3333]:9953%ifname#example.com\" for IPv6. If an empty string is assigned,\nthen the all previous assignments are cleared. This setting is read by systemd-\nresolved.service(8).\n\nDomains=\nA whitespace-separated list of domains which should be resolved using the DNS servers on\nthis link. Each item in the list should be a domain name, optionally prefixed with a\ntilde (\"~\"). The domains with the prefix are called \"routing-only domains\". The domains\nwithout the prefix are called \"search domains\" and are first used as search suffixes for\nextending single-label hostnames (hostnames containing no dots) to become fully qualified\ndomain names (FQDNs). If a single-label hostname is resolved on this interface, each of\nthe specified search domains are appended to it in turn, converting it into a fully\nqualified domain name, until one of them may be successfully resolved.\n\nBoth \"search\" and \"routing-only\" domains are used for routing of DNS queries: look-ups\nfor hostnames ending in those domains (hence also single label names, if any \"search\ndomains\" are listed), are routed to the DNS servers configured for this interface. The\ndomain routing logic is particularly useful on multi-homed hosts with DNS servers serving\nparticular private DNS zones on each interface.\n\nThe \"routing-only\" domain \"~.\"  (the tilde indicating definition of a routing domain, the\ndot referring to the DNS root domain which is the implied suffix of all valid DNS names)\nhas special effect. It causes all DNS traffic which does not match another configured\ndomain routing entry to be routed to DNS servers specified for this interface. This\nsetting is useful to prefer a certain set of DNS servers if a link on which they are\nconnected is available.\n\nThis setting is read by systemd-resolved.service(8). \"Search domains\" correspond to the\ndomain and search entries in resolv.conf(5). Domain name routing has no equivalent in the\ntraditional glibc API, which has no concept of domain name servers limited to a specific\nlink.\n\nDNSDefaultRoute=\nTakes a boolean argument. If true, this link's configured DNS servers are used for\nresolving domain names that do not match any link's configured Domains= setting. If\nfalse, this link's configured DNS servers are never used for such domains, and are\nexclusively used for resolving names that match at least one of the domains configured on\nthis link. If not specified defaults to an automatic mode: queries not matching any\nlink's configured domains will be routed to this link if it has no routing-only domains\nconfigured.\n\nNTP=\nAn NTP server address (either an IP address, or a hostname). This option may be specified\nmore than once. This setting is read by systemd-timesyncd.service(8).\n\nIPForward=\nConfigures IP packet forwarding for the system. If enabled, incoming packets on any\nnetwork interface will be forwarded to any other interfaces according to the routing\ntable. Takes a boolean, or the values \"ipv4\" or \"ipv6\", which only enable IP packet\nforwarding for the specified address family. This controls the net.ipv4.ipforward and\nnet.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding sysctl options of the network interface (see\nip-sysctl.txt[7] for details about sysctl options). Defaults to \"no\".\n\nNote: this setting controls a global kernel option, and does so one way only: if a\nnetwork that has this setting enabled is set up the global setting is turned on. However,\nit is never turned off again, even after all networks with this setting enabled are shut\ndown again.\n\nTo allow IP packet forwarding only between specific network interfaces use a firewall.\n\nIPMasquerade=\nConfigures IP masquerading for the network interface. If enabled, packets forwarded from\nthe network interface will be appear as coming from the local host. Takes one of \"ipv4\",\n\"ipv6\", \"both\", or \"no\". Defaults to \"no\". If enabled, this automatically sets IPForward=\nto one of \"ipv4\", \"ipv6\" or \"yes\".\n\nNote. Any positive boolean values such as \"yes\" or \"true\" are now deprecated. Please use\none of the values in the above.\n\nIPv6PrivacyExtensions=\nConfigures use of stateless temporary addresses that change over time (see RFC 4941[8],\nPrivacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6). Takes a boolean or\nthe special values \"prefer-public\" and \"kernel\". When true, enables the privacy\nextensions and prefers temporary addresses over public addresses. When \"prefer-public\",\nenables the privacy extensions, but prefers public addresses over temporary addresses.\nWhen false, the privacy extensions remain disabled. When \"kernel\", the kernel's default\nsetting will be left in place. Defaults to \"no\".\n\nIPv6AcceptRA=\nTakes a boolean. Controls IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) reception support for the\ninterface. If true, RAs are accepted; if false, RAs are ignored. When RAs are accepted,\nthey may trigger the start of the DHCPv6 client if the relevant flags are set in the RA\ndata, or if no routers are found on the link. The default is to disable RA reception for\nbridge devices or when IP forwarding is enabled, and to enable it otherwise. Cannot be\nenabled on bond devices and when link local addressing is disabled.\n\nFurther settings for the IPv6 RA support may be configured in the [IPv6AcceptRA] section,\nsee below.\n\nAlso see ip-sysctl.txt[7] in the kernel documentation regarding \"acceptra\", but note\nthat systemd's setting of 1 (i.e. true) corresponds to kernel's setting of 2.\n\nNote that kernel's implementation of the IPv6 RA protocol is always disabled, regardless\nof this setting. If this option is enabled, a userspace implementation of the IPv6 RA\nprotocol is used, and the kernel's own implementation remains disabled, since\nsystemd-networkd needs to know all details supplied in the advertisements, and these are\nnot available from the kernel if the kernel's own implementation is used.\n\nIPv6DuplicateAddressDetection=\nConfigures the amount of IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) probes to send. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv6HopLimit=\nConfigures IPv6 Hop Limit. For each router that forwards the packet, the hop limit is\ndecremented by 1. When the hop limit field reaches zero, the packet is discarded. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv4AcceptLocal=\nTakes a boolean. Accept packets with local source addresses. In combination with suitable\nrouting, this can be used to direct packets between two local interfaces over the wire\nand have them accepted properly. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv4RouteLocalnet=\nTakes a boolean. When true, the kernel does not consider loopback addresses as martian\nsource or destination while routing. This enables the use of 127.0.0.0/8 for local\nrouting purposes. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv4ProxyARP=\nTakes a boolean. Configures proxy ARP for IPv4. Proxy ARP is the technique in which one\nhost, usually a router, answers ARP requests intended for another machine. By \"faking\"\nits identity, the router accepts responsibility for routing packets to the \"real\"\ndestination. See RFC 1027[9]. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv6ProxyNDP=\nTakes a boolean. Configures proxy NDP for IPv6. Proxy NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol)\nis a technique for IPv6 to allow routing of addresses to a different destination when\npeers expect them to be present on a certain physical link. In this case a router answers\nNeighbour Advertisement messages intended for another machine by offering its own MAC\naddress as destination. Unlike proxy ARP for IPv4, it is not enabled globally, but will\nonly send Neighbour Advertisement messages for addresses in the IPv6 neighbor proxy\ntable, which can also be shown by ip -6 neighbour show proxy. systemd-networkd will\ncontrol the per-interface `proxyndp` switch for each configured interface depending on\nthis option. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv6ProxyNDPAddress=\nAn IPv6 address, for which Neighbour Advertisement messages will be proxied. This option\nmay be specified more than once. systemd-networkd will add the IPv6ProxyNDPAddress=\nentries to the kernel's IPv6 neighbor proxy table. This option implies IPv6ProxyNDP=yes\nbut has no effect if IPv6ProxyNDP has been set to false. When unset, the kernel's default\nwill be used.\n\nIPv6SendRA=\nWhether to enable or disable Router Advertisement sending on a link. Takes a boolean\nvalue. When enabled, prefixes configured in [IPv6Prefix] sections and routes configured\nin [IPv6RoutePrefix] sections are distributed as defined in the [IPv6SendRA] section. If\nDHCPv6PrefixDelegation= is enabled, then the delegated prefixes are also distributed. See\nDHCPv6PrefixDelegation= setting and the [IPv6SendRA], [IPv6Prefix], [IPv6RoutePrefix],\nand [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] sections for more configuration options.\n\nDHCPv6PrefixDelegation=\nTakes a boolean value. When enabled, requests prefixes using a DHCPv6 client configured\non another link. By default, an address within each delegated prefix will be assigned,\nand the prefixes will be announced through IPv6 Router Advertisement when IPv6SendRA= is\nenabled. Such default settings can be configured in [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] section.\nDefaults to disabled.\n\nIPv6MTUBytes=\nConfigures IPv6 maximum transmission unit (MTU). An integer greater than or equal to 1280\nbytes. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nBatmanAdvanced=, Bond=, Bridge=, VRF=\nThe name of the B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced, bond, bridge, or VRF interface to add the link to.\nSee systemd.netdev(5).\n\nIPVLAN=, IPVTAP=, L2TP=, MACsec=, MACVLAN=, MACVTAP=, Tunnel=, VLAN=, VXLAN=, Xfrm=\nThe name of an IPVLAN, IPVTAP, L2TP, MACsec, MACVLAN, MACVTAP, tunnel, VLAN, VXLAN, or\nXfrm to be created on the link. See systemd.netdev(5). This option may be specified more\nthan once.\n\nActiveSlave=\nTakes a boolean. Specifies the new active slave. The \"ActiveSlave=\" option is only valid\nfor following modes: \"active-backup\", \"balance-alb\" and \"balance-tlb\". Defaults to false.\n\nPrimarySlave=\nTakes a boolean. Specifies which slave is the primary device. The specified device will\nalways be the active slave while it is available. Only when the primary is off-line will\nalternate devices be used. This is useful when one slave is preferred over another, e.g.\nwhen one slave has higher throughput than another. The \"PrimarySlave=\" option is only\nvalid for following modes: \"active-backup\", \"balance-alb\" and \"balance-tlb\". Defaults to\nfalse.\n\nConfigureWithoutCarrier=\nTakes a boolean. Allows networkd to configure a specific link even if it has no carrier.\nDefaults to false. If IgnoreCarrierLoss= is not explicitly set, it will default to this\nvalue.\n\nIgnoreCarrierLoss=\nTakes a boolean. Allows networkd to retain both the static and dynamic configuration of\nthe interface even if its carrier is lost. When unset, the value specified with\nConfigureWithoutCarrier= is used.\n\nWhen ActivationPolicy= is set to \"always-up\", this is forced to \"true\".\n\nKeepConfiguration=\nTakes a boolean or one of \"static\", \"dhcp-on-stop\", \"dhcp\". When \"static\",\nsystemd-networkd will not drop static addresses and routes on starting up process. When\nset to \"dhcp-on-stop\", systemd-networkd will not drop addresses and routes on stopping\nthe daemon. When \"dhcp\", the addresses and routes provided by a DHCP server will never be\ndropped even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but\nmay be the best choice if, e.g., the root filesystem relies on this connection. The\nsetting \"dhcp\" implies \"dhcp-on-stop\", and \"yes\" implies \"dhcp\" and \"static\". Defaults to\n\"no\".\n\n#### [ADDRESS] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nAn [Address] section accepts the following keys. Specify several [Address] sections to\nconfigure several addresses.\n\nAddress=\nAs in the [Network] section. This key is mandatory. Each [Address] section can contain\none Address= setting.\n\nPeer=\nThe peer address in a point-to-point connection. Accepts the same format as the Address=\nkey.\n\nBroadcast=\nTakes an IPv4 address or boolean value. The address must be in the format described in\ninetpton(3). If set to true, then the IPv4 broadcast address will be derived from the\nAddress= setting. If set to false, then the broadcast address will not be set. Defaults\nto true, except for wireguard interfaces, where it default to false.\n\nLabel=\nAn address label.\n\nPreferredLifetime=\nAllows the default \"preferred lifetime\" of the address to be overridden. Only three\nsettings are accepted: \"forever\", \"infinity\", which is the default and means that the\naddress never expires, and \"0\", which means that the address is considered immediately\n\"expired\" and will not be used, unless explicitly requested. A setting of\nPreferredLifetime=0 is useful for addresses which are added to be used only by a specific\napplication, which is then configured to use them explicitly.\n\nScope=\nThe scope of the address, which can be \"global\" (valid everywhere on the network, even\nthrough a gateway), \"link\" (only valid on this device, will not traverse a gateway) or\n\"host\" (only valid within the device itself, e.g. 127.0.0.1) or an unsigned integer in\nthe range 0...255. Defaults to \"global\".\n\nRouteMetric=\nThe metric of the prefix route, which is pointing to the subnet of the configured IP\naddress, taking the configured prefix length into account. Takes an unsigned integer in\nthe range 0...4294967295. When unset or set to 0, the kernel's default value is used.\nThis setting will be ignored when AddPrefixRoute= is false.\n\nHomeAddress=\nTakes a boolean. Designates this address the \"home address\" as defined in RFC 6275[10].\nSupported only on IPv6. Defaults to false.\n\nDuplicateAddressDetection=\nTakes one of \"ipv4\", \"ipv6\", \"both\", \"none\". When \"ipv4\", performs IPv4 Address Conflict\nDetection. See RFC 5227[11]. When \"ipv6\", performs IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection. See\nRFC 4862[12]. Defaults to \"ipv4\" for IPv4 link-local addresses, \"ipv6\" for IPv6\naddresses, and \"none\" otherwise.\n\nManageTemporaryAddress=\nTakes a boolean. If true the kernel manage temporary addresses created from this one as\ntemplate on behalf of Privacy Extensions RFC 3041[13]. For this to become active, the\nusetempaddr sysctl setting has to be set to a value greater than zero. The given address\nneeds to have a prefix length of 64. This flag allows using privacy extensions in a\nmanually configured network, just like if stateless auto-configuration was active.\nDefaults to false.\n\nAddPrefixRoute=\nTakes a boolean. When true, the prefix route for the address is automatically added.\nDefaults to true.\n\nAutoJoin=\nTakes a boolean. Joining multicast group on ethernet level via ip maddr command would not\nwork if we have an Ethernet switch that does IGMP snooping since the switch would not\nreplicate multicast packets on ports that did not have IGMP reports for the multicast\naddresses. Linux vxlan interfaces created via ip link add vxlan or networkd's netdev kind\nvxlan have the group option that enables then to do the required join. By extending ip\naddress command with option \"autojoin\" we can get similar functionality for openvswitch\n(OVS) vxlan interfaces as well as other tunneling mechanisms that need to receive\nmulticast traffic. Defaults to \"no\".\n\n#### [NEIGHBOR] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nA [Neighbor] section accepts the following keys. The neighbor section adds a permanent,\nstatic entry to the neighbor table (IPv6) or ARP table (IPv4) for the given hardware address\non the links matched for the network. Specify several [Neighbor] sections to configure\nseveral static neighbors.\n\nAddress=\nThe IP address of the neighbor.\n\nLinkLayerAddress=\nThe link layer address (MAC address or IP address) of the neighbor.\n\n#### [IPV6ADDRESSLABEL] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nAn [IPv6AddressLabel] section accepts the following keys. Specify several [IPv6AddressLabel]\nsections to configure several address labels. IPv6 address labels are used for address\nselection. See RFC 3484[14]. Precedence is managed by userspace, and only the label itself is\nstored in the kernel.\n\nLabel=\nThe label for the prefix, an unsigned integer in the range 0–4294967294. 0xffffffff is\nreserved. This setting is mandatory.\n\nPrefix=\nIPv6 prefix is an address with a prefix length, separated by a slash \"/\" character. This\nkey is mandatory.\n\n#### [ROUTINGPOLICYRULE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nAn [RoutingPolicyRule] section accepts the following keys. Specify several\n[RoutingPolicyRule] sections to configure several rules.\n\nTypeOfService=\nTakes a number between 0 and 255 that specifies the type of service to match.\n\nFrom=\nSpecifies the source address prefix to match. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefix\nlength.\n\nTo=\nSpecifies the destination address prefix to match. Possibly followed by a slash and the\nprefix length.\n\nFirewallMark=\nSpecifies the iptables firewall mark value to match (a number between 1 and 4294967295).\nOptionally, the firewall mask (also a number between 1 and 4294967295) can be suffixed\nwith a slash (\"/\"), e.g., \"7/255\".\n\nTable=\nSpecifies the routing table identifier to lookup if the rule selector matches. Takes one\nof predefined names \"default\", \"main\", and \"local\", and names defined in RouteTable= in\nnetworkd.conf(5), or a number between 1 and 4294967295. Defaults to \"main\".\n\nPriority=\nSpecifies the priority of this rule.  Priority= is an unsigned integer in the range\n0...4294967295. Higher number means lower priority, and rules get processed in order of\nincreasing number. Defaults to unset, and the kernel will pick a value dynamically.\n\nIncomingInterface=\nSpecifies incoming device to match. If the interface is loopback, the rule only matches\npackets originating from this host.\n\nOutgoingInterface=\nSpecifies the outgoing device to match. The outgoing interface is only available for\npackets originating from local sockets that are bound to a device.\n\nSourcePort=\nSpecifies the source IP port or IP port range match in forwarding information base (FIB)\nrules. A port range is specified by the lower and upper port separated by a dash.\nDefaults to unset.\n\nDestinationPort=\nSpecifies the destination IP port or IP port range match in forwarding information base\n(FIB) rules. A port range is specified by the lower and upper port separated by a dash.\nDefaults to unset.\n\nIPProtocol=\nSpecifies the IP protocol to match in forwarding information base (FIB) rules. Takes IP\nprotocol name such as \"tcp\", \"udp\" or \"sctp\", or IP protocol number such as \"6\" for \"tcp\"\nor \"17\" for \"udp\". Defaults to unset.\n\nInvertRule=\nA boolean. Specifies whether the rule is to be inverted. Defaults to false.\n\nFamily=\nTakes a special value \"ipv4\", \"ipv6\", or \"both\". By default, the address family is\ndetermined by the address specified in To= or From=. If neither To= nor From= are\nspecified, then defaults to \"ipv4\".\n\nUser=\nTakes a username, a user ID, or a range of user IDs separated by a dash. Defaults to\nunset.\n\nSuppressPrefixLength=\nTakes a number N in the range 0...128 and rejects routing decisions that have a prefix\nlength of N or less. Defaults to unset.\n\nType=\nSpecifies Routing Policy Database (RPDB) rule type. Takes one of \"blackhole\",\n\"unreachable\" or \"prohibit\".\n\n#### [NEXTHOP] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [NextHop] section is used to manipulate entries in the kernel's \"nexthop\" tables. The\n[NextHop] section accepts the following keys. Specify several [NextHop] sections to configure\nseveral hops.\n\nId=\nThe id of the next hop. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 1...4294967295. If left\nunspecified, then automatically chosen by kernel.\n\nGateway=\nAs in the [Network] section.\n\nFamily=\nTakes one of the special values \"ipv4\" or \"ipv6\". By default, the family is determined by\nthe address specified in Gateway=. If Gateway= is not specified, then defaults to \"ipv4\".\n\nOnLink=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, the kernel does not have to check if the gateway is\nreachable directly by the current machine (i.e., attached to the local network), so that\nwe can insert the nexthop in the kernel table without it being complained about. Defaults\nto \"no\".\n\nBlackhole=\nTakes a boolean. If enabled, packets to the corresponding routes are discarded silently,\nand Gateway= cannot be specified. Defaults to \"no\".\n\nGroup=\nTakes a whitespace separated list of nexthop IDs. Each ID must be in the range\n1...4294967295. Optionally, each nexthop ID can take a weight after a colon\n(\"id[:weight]\"). The weight must be in the range 1...255. If the weight is not specified,\nthen it is assumed that the weight is 1. This setting cannot be specified with Gateway=,\nFamily=, Blackhole=. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is\nassigned, then the all previous assignments are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [ROUTE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [Route] section accepts the following keys. Specify several [Route] sections to configure\nseveral routes.\n\nGateway=\nTakes the gateway address or the special values \"dhcp4\" and \"ipv6ra\". If \"dhcp4\" or\n\"ipv6ra\" is set, then the gateway address provided by DHCPv4 or IPv6 RA is used.\n\nGatewayOnLink=\nTakes a boolean. If set to true, the kernel does not have to check if the gateway is\nreachable directly by the current machine (i.e., attached to the local network), so that\nwe can insert the route in the kernel table without it being complained about. Defaults\nto \"no\".\n\nDestination=\nThe destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefix length.\nIf omitted, a full-length host route is assumed.\n\nSource=\nThe source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefix length. If\nomitted, a full-length host route is assumed.\n\nMetric=\nThe metric of the route. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 0...4294967295. Defaults\nto unset, and the kernel's default will be used.\n\nIPv6Preference=\nSpecifies the route preference as defined in RFC 4191[15] for Router Discovery messages.\nWhich can be one of \"low\" the route has a lowest priority, \"medium\" the route has a\ndefault priority or \"high\" the route has a highest priority.\n\nScope=\nThe scope of the IPv4 route, which can be \"global\", \"site\", \"link\", \"host\", or \"nowhere\":\n\n•   \"global\" means the route can reach hosts more than one hop away.\n\n•   \"site\" means an interior route in the local autonomous system.\n\n•   \"link\" means the route can only reach hosts on the local network (one hop away).\n\n•   \"host\" means the route will not leave the local machine (used for internal addresses\nlike 127.0.0.1).\n\n•   \"nowhere\" means the destination doesn't exist.\n\nFor IPv4 route, defaults to \"host\" if Type= is \"local\" or \"nat\", and \"link\" if Type= is\n\"broadcast\", \"multicast\", or \"anycast\". In other cases, defaults to \"global\". The value\nis not used for IPv6.\n\nPreferredSource=\nThe preferred source address of the route. The address must be in the format described in\ninetpton(3).\n\nTable=\nThe table identifier for the route. Takes one of predefined names \"default\", \"main\", and\n\"local\", and names defined in RouteTable= in networkd.conf(5), or a number between 1 and\n4294967295. The table can be retrieved using ip route show table num. If unset and Type=\nis \"local\", \"broadcast\", \"anycast\", or \"nat\", then \"local\" is used. In other cases,\ndefaults to \"main\".\n\nProtocol=\nThe protocol identifier for the route. Takes a number between 0 and 255 or the special\nvalues \"kernel\", \"boot\", \"static\", \"ra\" and \"dhcp\". Defaults to \"static\".\n\nType=\nSpecifies the type for the route. Takes one of \"unicast\", \"local\", \"broadcast\",\n\"anycast\", \"multicast\", \"blackhole\", \"unreachable\", \"prohibit\", \"throw\", \"nat\", and\n\"xresolve\". If \"unicast\", a regular route is defined, i.e. a route indicating the path to\ntake to a destination network address. If \"blackhole\", packets to the defined route are\ndiscarded silently. If \"unreachable\", packets to the defined route are discarded and the\nICMP message \"Host Unreachable\" is generated. If \"prohibit\", packets to the defined route\nare discarded and the ICMP message \"Communication Administratively Prohibited\" is\ngenerated. If \"throw\", route lookup in the current routing table will fail and the route\nselection process will return to Routing Policy Database (RPDB). Defaults to \"unicast\".\n\nInitialCongestionWindow=\nThe TCP initial congestion window is used during the start of a TCP connection. During\nthe start of a TCP session, when a client requests a resource, the server's initial\ncongestion window determines how many packets will be sent during the initial burst of\ndata without waiting for acknowledgement. Takes a number between 1 and 1023. Note that\n100 is considered an extremely large value for this option. When unset, the kernel's\ndefault (typically 10) will be used.\n\nInitialAdvertisedReceiveWindow=\nThe TCP initial advertised receive window is the amount of receive data (in bytes) that\ncan initially be buffered at one time on a connection. The sending host can send only\nthat amount of data before waiting for an acknowledgment and window update from the\nreceiving host. Takes a number between 1 and 1023. Note that 100 is considered an\nextremely large value for this option. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nQuickAck=\nTakes a boolean. When true enables TCP quick ack mode for the route. When unset, the\nkernel's default will be used.\n\nFastOpenNoCookie=\nTakes a boolean. When true enables TCP fastopen without a cookie on a per-route basis.\nWhen unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nTTLPropagate=\nTakes a boolean. When true enables TTL propagation at Label Switched Path (LSP) egress.\nWhen unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nMTUBytes=\nThe maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the route. The usual suffixes K, M, G,\nare supported and are understood to the base of 1024.\n\nNote that if IPv6 is enabled on the interface, and the MTU is chosen below 1280 (the\nminimum MTU for IPv6) it will automatically be increased to this value.\n\nIPServiceType=\nTakes string; \"CS6\" or \"CS4\". Used to set IP service type to CS6 (network control) or CS4\n(Realtime). Defaults to CS6.\n\nTCPAdvertisedMaximumSegmentSize=\nSpecifies the Path MSS (in bytes) hints given on TCP layer. The usual suffixes K, M, G,\nare supported and are understood to the base of 1024. An unsigned integer in the range\n1–4294967294. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nMultiPathRoute=address[@name] [weight]\nConfigures multipath route. Multipath routing is the technique of using multiple\nalternative paths through a network. Takes gateway address. Optionally, takes a network\ninterface name or index separated with \"@\", and a weight in 1..256 for this multipath\nroute separated with whitespace. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an\nempty string is assigned, then the all previous assignments are cleared.\n\nNextHop=\nSpecifies the nexthop id. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 1...4294967295. If set,\nthe corresponding [NextHop] section must be configured. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [DHCPV4] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DHCPv4] section configures the DHCPv4 client, if it is enabled with the DHCP= setting\ndescribed above:\n\nSendHostname=\nWhen true (the default), the machine's hostname (or the value specified with Hostname=,\ndescribed below) will be sent to the DHCP server. Note that the hostname must consist\nonly of 7-bit ASCII lower-case characters and no spaces or dots, and be formatted as a\nvalid DNS domain name. Otherwise, the hostname is not sent even if this option is true.\n\nHostname=\nUse this value for the hostname which is sent to the DHCP server, instead of machine's\nhostname. Note that the specified hostname must consist only of 7-bit ASCII lower-case\ncharacters and no spaces or dots, and be formatted as a valid DNS domain name.\n\nMUDURL=\nWhen configured, the specified Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) URL will be sent to\nthe DHCPv4 server. Takes a URL of length up to 255 characters. A superficial verification\nthat the string is a valid URL will be performed. DHCPv4 clients are intended to have at\nmost one MUD URL associated with them. See RFC 8520[16].\n\nMUD is an embedded software standard defined by the IETF that allows IoT device makers to\nadvertise device specifications, including the intended communication patterns for their\ndevice when it connects to the network. The network can then use this to author a\ncontext-specific access policy, so the device functions only within those parameters.\n\nClientIdentifier=\nThe DHCPv4 client identifier to use. Takes one of mac, duid or duid-only. If set to mac,\nthe MAC address of the link is used. If set to duid, an RFC4361-compliant Client ID,\nwhich is the combination of IAID and DUID (see below), is used. If set to duid-only, only\nDUID is used, this may not be RFC compliant, but some setups may require to use this.\nDefaults to duid.\n\nVendorClassIdentifier=\nThe vendor class identifier used to identify vendor type and configuration.\n\nUserClass=\nA DHCPv4 client can use UserClass option to identify the type or category of user or\napplications it represents. The information contained in this option is a string that\nrepresents the user class of which the client is a member. Each class sets an identifying\nstring of information to be used by the DHCP service to classify clients. Takes a\nwhitespace-separated list of strings.\n\nDUIDType=\nOverride the global DUIDType= setting for this network. See networkd.conf(5) for a\ndescription of possible values.\n\nDUIDRawData=\nOverride the global DUIDRawData= setting for this network. See networkd.conf(5) for a\ndescription of possible values.\n\nIAID=\nThe DHCP Identity Association Identifier (IAID) for the interface, a 32-bit unsigned\ninteger.\n\nAnonymize=\nTakes a boolean. When true, the options sent to the DHCP server will follow the RFC\n7844[17] (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients) to minimize disclosure of identifying\ninformation. Defaults to false.\n\nThis option should only be set to true when MACAddressPolicy= is set to random (see\nsystemd.link(5)).\n\nWhen true, SendHostname=, ClientIdentifier=, VendorClassIdentifier=, UserClass=,\nRequestOptions=, SendOption=, SendVendorOption=, and MUDURL= are ignored.\n\nWith this option enabled DHCP requests will mimic those generated by Microsoft Windows,\nin order to reduce the ability to fingerprint and recognize installations. This means\nDHCP request sizes will grow and lease data will be more comprehensive than normally,\nthough most of the requested data is not actually used.\n\nRequestOptions=\nSets request options to be sent to the server in the DHCPv4 request options list. A\nwhitespace-separated list of integers in the range 1...254. Defaults to unset.\n\nSendOption=\nSend an arbitrary raw option in the DHCPv4 request. Takes a DHCP option number, data type\nand data separated with a colon (\"option:type:value\"). The option number must be an\ninteger in the range 1...254. The type takes one of \"uint8\", \"uint16\", \"uint32\",\n\"ipv4address\", or \"string\". Special characters in the data string may be escaped using\nC-style escapes[18]. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is\nspecified, then all options specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\nSendVendorOption=\nSend an arbitrary vendor option in the DHCPv4 request. Takes a DHCP option number, data\ntype and data separated with a colon (\"option:type:value\"). The option number must be an\ninteger in the range 1...254. The type takes one of \"uint8\", \"uint16\", \"uint32\",\n\"ipv4address\", or \"string\". Special characters in the data string may be escaped using\nC-style escapes[18]. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is\nspecified, then all options specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\nUseDNS=\nWhen true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will be used.\n\nThis corresponds to the nameserver option in resolv.conf(5).\n\nRoutesToDNS=\nWhen true, the routes to the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will be\nconfigured. When UseDNS= is disabled, this setting is ignored. Defaults to true.\n\nUseNTP=\nWhen true (the default), the NTP servers received from the DHCP server will be used by\nsystemd-timesyncd.service.\n\nRoutesToNTP=\nWhen true, the routes to the NTP servers received from the DHCP server will be\nconfigured. When UseNTP= is disabled, this setting is ignored. Defaults to true.\n\nUseSIP=\nWhen true (the default), the SIP servers received from the DHCP server will be collected\nand made available to client programs.\n\nUseMTU=\nWhen true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will be used on\nthe current link. If MTUBytes= is set, then this setting is ignored. Defaults to false.\n\nUseHostname=\nWhen true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server will be set as the\ntransient hostname of the system.\n\nUseDomains=\nTakes a boolean, or the special value route. When true, the domain name received from the\nDHCP server will be used as DNS search domain over this link, similar to the effect of\nthe Domains= setting. If set to route, the domain name received from the DHCP server will\nbe used for routing DNS queries only, but not for searching, similar to the effect of the\nDomains= setting when the argument is prefixed with \"~\". Defaults to true on Ubuntu.\n\nIt is recommended to enable this option only on trusted networks, as setting this affects\nresolution of all hostnames, in particular of single-label names. It is generally safer\nto use the supplied domain only as routing domain, rather than as search domain, in order\nto not have it affect local resolution of single-label names.\n\nWhen set to true, this setting corresponds to the domain option in resolv.conf(5).\n\nUseRoutes=\nWhen true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server and\nadded to the routing table with a metric of 1024, and a scope of global, link or host,\ndepending on the route's destination and gateway. If the destination is on the local\nhost, e.g., 127.x.x.x, or the same as the link's own address, the scope will be set to\nhost. Otherwise if the gateway is null (a direct route), a link scope will be used. For\nanything else, scope defaults to global.\n\nRouteMetric=\nSet the routing metric for routes specified by the DHCP server. Takes an unsigned integer\nin the range 0...4294967295. Defaults to 1024.\n\nRouteTable=num\nThe table identifier for DHCP routes (a number between 1 and 4294967295, or 0 to unset).\nThe table can be retrieved using ip route show table num.\n\nWhen used in combination with VRF=, the VRF's routing table is used when this parameter\nis not specified.\n\nRouteMTUBytes=\nSpecifies the MTU for the DHCP routes. Please see the [Route] section for further\ndetails.\n\nUseGateway=\nWhen true, the gateway will be requested from the DHCP server and added to the routing\ntable with a metric of 1024, and a scope of link. When unset, the value specified with\nUseRoutes= is used.\n\nUseTimezone=\nWhen true, the timezone received from the DHCP server will be set as timezone of the\nlocal system. Defaults to false.\n\nFallbackLeaseLifetimeSec=\nAllows to set DHCPv4 lease lifetime when DHCPv4 server does not send the lease lifetime.\nTakes one of \"forever\" or \"infinity\". The latter means that the address never expires.\nDefaults to unset.\n\nRequestBroadcast=\nRequest the server to use broadcast messages before the IP address has been configured.\nThis is necessary for devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot receive\npackets at all before an IP address has been configured. On the other hand, this must not\nbe enabled on networks where broadcasts are filtered out.\n\nMaxAttempts=\nSpecifies how many times the DHCPv4 client configuration should be attempted. Takes a\nnumber or \"infinity\". Defaults to \"infinity\". Note that the time between retries is\nincreased exponentially, up to approximately one per minute, so the network will not be\noverloaded even if this number is high. The default is suitable in most circumstances.\n\nListenPort=\nSet the port from which the DHCP client packets originate.\n\nDenyList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv4 addresses. DHCP offers from servers in the list are\nrejected. Note that if AllowList= is configured then DenyList= is ignored.\n\nAllowList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv4 addresses. DHCP offers from servers in the list are\naccepted.\n\nSendRelease=\nWhen true, the DHCPv4 client sends a DHCP release packet when it stops. Defaults to true.\n\nSendDecline=\nA boolean. When \"true\", the DHCPv4 client receives the IP address from the DHCP server.\nAfter a new IP is received, the DHCPv4 client performs IPv4 Duplicate Address Detection.\nIf duplicate use is detected, the DHCPv4 client rejects the IP by sending a DHCPDECLINE\npacket and tries to obtain an IP address again. See RFC 5224[11]. Defaults to \"unset\".\n\n#### [DHCPV6] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DHCPv6] section configures the DHCPv6 client, if it is enabled with the DHCP= setting\ndescribed above, or invoked by the IPv6 Router Advertisement:\n\nMUDURL=, IAID=, DUIDType=, DUIDRawData=, RequestOptions=\nAs in the [DHCPv4] section.\n\nSendOption=\nAs in the [DHCPv4] section, however because DHCPv6 uses 16-bit fields to store option\nnumbers, the option number is an integer in the range 1...65536.\n\nSendVendorOption=\nSend an arbitrary vendor option in the DHCPv6 request. Takes an enterprise identifier,\nDHCP option number, data type, and data separated with a colon (\"enterprise\nidentifier:option:type:value\"). Enterprise identifier is an unsigned integer in the range\n1...4294967294. The option number must be an integer in the range 1...254. Data type\ntakes one of \"uint8\", \"uint16\", \"uint32\", \"ipv4address\", \"ipv6address\", or \"string\".\nSpecial characters in the data string may be escaped using C-style escapes[18]. This\nsetting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified, then all\noptions specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\nUserClass=\nA DHCPv6 client can use User Class option to identify the type or category of user or\napplications it represents. The information contained in this option is a string that\nrepresents the user class of which the client is a member. Each class sets an identifying\nstring of information to be used by the DHCP service to classify clients. Special\ncharacters in the data string may be escaped using C-style escapes[18]. This setting can\nbe specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified, then all options specified\nearlier are cleared. Takes a whitespace-separated list of strings. Note that currently\nNUL bytes are not allowed.\n\nVendorClass=\nA DHCPv6 client can use VendorClass option to identify the vendor that manufactured the\nhardware on which the client is running. The information contained in the data area of\nthis option is contained in one or more opaque fields that identify details of the\nhardware configuration. Takes a whitespace-separated list of strings.\n\nPrefixDelegationHint=\nTakes an IPv6 address with prefix length in the same format as the Address= in the\n[Network] section. The DHCPv6 client will include a prefix hint in the DHCPv6\nsolicitation sent to the server. The prefix length must be in the range 1–128. Defaults\nto unset.\n\nUseAddress=\nWhen true (the default), the IP addresses provided by the DHCPv6 server will be assigned.\n\nUseDNS=, UseNTP=, UseHostname=, UseDomains=\nAs in the [DHCPv4] section.\n\nForceDHCPv6PDOtherInformation=\nTakes a boolean that enforces DHCPv6 stateful mode when the 'Other information' bit is\nset in Router Advertisement messages. By default setting only the 'O' bit in Router\nAdvertisements makes DHCPv6 request network information in a stateless manner using a\ntwo-message Information Request and Information Reply message exchange.  RFC 7084[19],\nrequirement WPD-4, updates this behavior for a Customer Edge router so that stateful\nDHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is also requested when only the 'O' bit is set in Router\nAdvertisements. This option enables such a CE behavior as it is impossible to\nautomatically distinguish the intention of the 'O' bit otherwise. By default this option\nis set to false, enable it if no prefixes are delegated when the device should be acting\nas a CE router.\n\nWithoutRA=\nAllows DHCPv6 client to start without router advertisements's managed or other address\nconfiguration flag. Takes one of \"solicit\" or \"information-request\". Defaults to unset.\n\nRapidCommit=\nTakes a boolean. The DHCPv6 client can obtain configuration parameters from a DHCPv6\nserver through a rapid two-message exchange (solicit and reply). When the rapid commit\noption is enabled by both the DHCPv6 client and the DHCPv6 server, the two-message\nexchange is used, rather than the default four-message exchange (solicit, advertise,\nrequest, and reply). The two-message exchange provides faster client configuration and is\nbeneficial in environments in which networks are under a heavy load. See RFC 3315[20] for\ndetails. Defaults to true.\n\n#### [DHCPV6PREFIXDELEGATION] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] section configures delegated prefixes assigned by DHCPv6 server.\nThe settings in this section are used only when DHCPv6PrefixDelegation= setting is enabled.\n\nSubnetId=\nConfigure a specific subnet ID on the interface from a (previously) received prefix\ndelegation. You can either set \"auto\" (the default) or a specific subnet ID (as defined\nin RFC 4291[21], section 2.5.4), in which case the allowed value is hexadecimal, from 0\nto 0x7fffffffffffffff inclusive.\n\nAnnounce=\nTakes a boolean. When enabled, and IPv6SendRA= in [Network] section is enabled, the\ndelegated prefixes are distributed through the IPv6 Router Advertisement. Defaults to\nyes.\n\nAssign=\nTakes a boolean. Specifies whether to add an address from the delegated prefixes which\nare received from the WAN interface by the DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation. When true (on LAN\ninterfce), the EUI-64 algorithm will be used by default to form an interface identifier\nfrom the delegated prefixes. See also Token= setting below. Defaults to yes.\n\nToken=\nSpecifies an optional address generation mode for assigning an address in each delegated\nprefix. Takes an IPv6 address. When set, the lower bits of the supplied address is\ncombined with the upper bits of each delegatad prefix received from the WAN interface by\nthe DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation to form a complete address. When Assign= is disabled, this\nsetting is ignored. When unset, the EUI-64 algorithm will be used to form addresses.\nDefaults to unset.\n\nManageTemporaryAddress=\nAs in the [Address] section, but defaults to true.\n\nRouteMetric=\nThe metric of the route to the delegated prefix subnet. Takes an unsigned integer in the\nrange 0...4294967295. When unset or set to 0, the kernel's default value is used.\n\n#### [IPV6ACCEPTRA] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [IPv6AcceptRA] section configures the IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) client, if it is\nenabled with the IPv6AcceptRA= setting described above:\n\nUseDNS=\nWhen true (the default), the DNS servers received in the Router Advertisement will be\nused.\n\nThis corresponds to the nameserver option in resolv.conf(5).\n\nUseDomains=\nTakes a boolean, or the special value \"route\". When true, the domain name received via\nIPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) will be used as DNS search domain over this link, similar\nto the effect of the Domains= setting. If set to \"route\", the domain name received via\nIPv6 RA will be used for routing DNS queries only, but not for searching, similar to the\neffect of the Domains= setting when the argument is prefixed with \"~\". Defaults to true\non Ubuntu.\n\nIt is recommended to enable this option only on trusted networks, as setting this affects\nresolution of all hostnames, in particular of single-label names. It is generally safer\nto use the supplied domain only as routing domain, rather than as search domain, in order\nto not have it affect local resolution of single-label names.\n\nWhen set to true, this setting corresponds to the domain option in resolv.conf(5).\n\nRouteTable=num\nThe table identifier for the routes received in the Router Advertisement (a number\nbetween 1 and 4294967295, or 0 to unset). The table can be retrieved using ip route show\ntable num.\n\nRouteMetric=\nSet the routing metric for the routes received in the Router Advertisement. Takes an\nunsigned integer in the range 0...4294967295. Defaults to 1024.\n\nUseAutonomousPrefix=\nWhen true (the default), the autonomous prefix received in the Router Advertisement will\nbe used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.\n\nUseOnLinkPrefix=\nWhen true (the default), the onlink prefix received in the Router Advertisement will be\nused and takes precedence over any statically configured ones.\n\nRouterDenyList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 router addresses. Any information advertised by the\nlisted router is ignored.\n\nRouterAllowList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 router addresses. Only information advertised by the\nlisted router is accepted. Note that if RouterAllowList= is configured then\nRouterDenyList= is ignored.\n\nPrefixDenyList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 prefixes. IPv6 prefixes supplied via router\nadvertisements in the list are ignored.\n\nPrefixAllowList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 prefixes. IPv6 prefixes supplied via router\nadvertisements in the list are allowed. Note that if PrefixAllowList= is configured then\nPrefixDenyList= is ignored.\n\nRouteDenyList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 route prefixes. IPv6 route prefixes supplied via\nrouter advertisements in the list are ignored.\n\nRouteAllowList=\nA whitespace-separated list of IPv6 route prefixes. IPv6 route prefixes supplied via\nrouter advertisements in the list are allowed. Note that if RouteAllowList= is configured\nthen RouteDenyList= is ignored.\n\nDHCPv6Client=\nTakes a boolean, or the special value \"always\". When true or \"always\", the DHCPv6 client\nwill be started when the RA has the managed or other information flag. If set to\n\"always\", the DHCPv6 client will also be started in managed mode when neither managed nor\nother information flag is set in the RA. Defaults to true.\n\n#### [DHCPSERVER] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DHCPServer] section contains settings for the DHCP server, if enabled via the\nDHCPServer= option described above:\n\nServerAddress=\nSpecifies server address for the DHCP server. Takes an IPv4 address with prefix length,\nfor example \"192.168.0.1/24\". This setting may be useful when the link on which the DHCP\nserver is running has multiple static addresses. When unset, one of static addresses in\nthe link will be automatically selected. Defaults to unset.\n\nPoolOffset=, PoolSize=\nConfigures the pool of addresses to hand out. The pool is a contiguous sequence of IP\naddresses in the subnet configured for the server address, which does not include the\nsubnet nor the broadcast address.  PoolOffset= takes the offset of the pool from the\nstart of subnet, or zero to use the default value.  PoolSize= takes the number of IP\naddresses in the pool or zero to use the default value. By default, the pool starts at\nthe first address after the subnet address and takes up the rest of the subnet, excluding\nthe broadcast address. If the pool includes the server address (the default), this is\nreserved and not handed out to clients.\n\nDefaultLeaseTimeSec=, MaxLeaseTimeSec=\nControl the default and maximum DHCP lease time to pass to clients. These settings take\ntime values in seconds or another common time unit, depending on the suffix. The default\nlease time is used for clients that did not ask for a specific lease time. If a client\nasks for a lease time longer than the maximum lease time, it is automatically shortened\nto the specified time. The default lease time defaults to 1h, the maximum lease time to\n12h. Shorter lease times are beneficial if the configuration data in DHCP leases changes\nfrequently and clients shall learn the new settings with shorter latencies. Longer lease\ntimes reduce the generated DHCP network traffic.\n\nUplinkInterface=\nSpecifies name or index of uplink interface, or one of the special values \":none\" and\n\":auto\". When emitting DNS, NTP, or SIP servers are enabled but no servers are specified,\nthe servers configured in the uplink interface will be emitted. When \":auto\", the link\nwhich has default gateway with higher priority will be automatically selected. When\n\":none\", no uplink interface will be selected. Defaults to \":auto\".\n\nEmitDNS=, DNS=\nEmitDNS= takes a boolean. Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out to clients shall\ncontain DNS server information. Defaults to \"yes\". The DNS servers to pass to clients may\nbe configured with the DNS= option, which takes a list of IPv4 addresses. If the EmitDNS=\noption is enabled but no servers configured, the servers are automatically propagated\nfrom an \"uplink\" interface that has appropriate servers set. The \"uplink\" interface is\ndetermined by the default route of the system with the highest priority. Note that this\ninformation is acquired at the time the lease is handed out, and does not take uplink\ninterfaces into account that acquire DNS server information at a later point. If no\nsuitable uplink interface is found the DNS server data from /etc/resolv.conf is used.\nAlso, note that the leases are not refreshed if the uplink network configuration changes.\nTo ensure clients regularly acquire the most current uplink DNS server information, it is\nthus advisable to shorten the DHCP lease time via MaxLeaseTimeSec= described above.\n\nEmitNTP=, NTP=, EmitSIP=, SIP=, EmitPOP3=, POP3=, EmitSMTP=, SMTP=, EmitLPR=, LPR=\nSimilar to the EmitDNS= and DNS= settings described above, these settings configure\nwhether and what server information for the indicate protocol shall be emitted as part of\nthe DHCP lease. The same syntax, propagation semantics and defaults apply as for EmitDNS=\nand DNS=.\n\nEmitRouter=\nSimilar to the EmitDNS= setting described above, this setting configures whether the DHCP\nlease should contain the router option. The same syntax, propagation semantics and\ndefaults apply as for EmitDNS=.\n\nEmitTimezone=, Timezone=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out to clients shall contain\ntimezone information. Defaults to \"yes\". The Timezone= setting takes a timezone string\n(such as \"Europe/Berlin\" or \"UTC\") to pass to clients. If no explicit timezone is set,\nthe system timezone of the local host is propagated, as determined by the /etc/localtime\nsymlink.\n\nSendOption=\nSend a raw option with value via DHCPv4 server. Takes a DHCP option number, data type and\ndata (\"option:type:value\"). The option number is an integer in the range 1...254. The\ntype takes one of \"uint8\", \"uint16\", \"uint32\", \"ipv4address\", \"ipv6address\", or \"string\".\nSpecial characters in the data string may be escaped using C-style escapes[18]. This\nsetting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified, then all\noptions specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\nSendVendorOption=\nSend a vendor option with value via DHCPv4 server. Takes a DHCP option number, data type\nand data (\"option:type:value\"). The option number is an integer in the range 1...254. The\ntype takes one of \"uint8\", \"uint16\", \"uint32\", \"ipv4address\", or \"string\". Special\ncharacters in the data string may be escaped using C-style escapes[18]. This setting can\nbe specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified, then all options specified\nearlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.\n\nBindToInterface=\nTakes a boolean value. When \"yes\", DHCP server socket will be bound to its network\ninterface and all socket communication will be restricted to this interface. Defaults to\n\"yes\", except if RelayTarget= is used (see below), in which case it defaults defaults to\n\"no\".\n\nRelayTarget=\nTakes an IPv4 address, which must be in the format described in inetpton(3). Turns this\nDHCP server into a DHCP relay agent. See RFC 1542[22]. The address is the address of DHCP\nserver or another relay agent to forward DHCP messages to and from.\n\nRelayAgentCircuitId=\nSpecifies value for Agent Circuit ID suboption of Relay Agent Information option. Takes a\nstring, which must be in the format \"string:value\", where \"value\" should be replaced with\nthe value of the suboption. Defaults to unset (means no Agent Circuit ID suboption is\ngenerated). Ignored if RelayTarget= is not specified.\n\nRelayAgentRemoteId=\nSpecifies value for Agent Remote ID suboption of Relay Agent Information option. Takes a\nstring, which must be in the format \"string:value\", where \"value\" should be replaced with\nthe value of the suboption. Defaults to unset (means no Agent Remote ID suboption is\ngenerated). Ignored if RelayTarget= is not specified.\n\n#### [DHCPSERVERSTATICLEASE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe \"[DHCPServerStaticLease]\" section configures a static DHCP lease to assign a fixed IPv4\naddress to a specific device based on its MAC address. This section can be specified multiple\ntimes.\n\nMACAddress=\nThe hardware address of a device to match. This key is mandatory.\n\nAddress=\nThe IPv4 address that should be assigned to the device that was matched with MACAddress=.\nThis key is mandatory.\n\n#### [IPV6SENDRA] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [IPv6SendRA] section contains settings for sending IPv6 Router Advertisements and whether\nto act as a router, if enabled via the IPv6SendRA= option described above. IPv6 network\nprefixes or routes are defined with one or more [IPv6Prefix] or [IPv6RoutePrefix] sections.\n\nManaged=, OtherInformation=\nTakes a boolean. Controls whether a DHCPv6 server is used to acquire IPv6 addresses on\nthe network link when Managed= is set to \"true\" or if only additional network information\ncan be obtained via DHCPv6 for the network link when OtherInformation= is set to \"true\".\nBoth settings default to \"false\", which means that a DHCPv6 server is not being used.\n\nRouterLifetimeSec=\nTakes a timespan. Configures the IPv6 router lifetime in seconds. When set to 0, the host\nis not acting as a router. Defaults to 30 minutes.\n\nRouterPreference=\nConfigures IPv6 router preference if RouterLifetimeSec= is non-zero. Valid values are\n\"high\", \"medium\" and \"low\", with \"normal\" and \"default\" added as synonyms for \"medium\"\njust to make configuration easier. See RFC 4191[15] for details. Defaults to \"medium\".\n\nEmitDNS=, DNS=\nDNS= specifies a list of recursive DNS server IPv6 addresses that are distributed via\nRouter Advertisement messages when EmitDNS= is true.  DNS= also takes special value\n\"linklocal\"; in that case the IPv6 link local address is distributed. If DNS= is empty,\nDNS servers are read from the [Network] section. If the [Network] section does not\ncontain any DNS servers either, DNS servers from the uplink with the highest priority\ndefault route are used. When EmitDNS= is false, no DNS server information is sent in\nRouter Advertisement messages.  EmitDNS= defaults to true.\n\nEmitDomains=, Domains=\nA list of DNS search domains distributed via Router Advertisement messages when\nEmitDomains= is true. If Domains= is empty, DNS search domains are read from the\n[Network] section. If the [Network] section does not contain any DNS search domains\neither, DNS search domains from the uplink with the highest priority default route are\nused. When EmitDomains= is false, no DNS search domain information is sent in Router\nAdvertisement messages.  EmitDomains= defaults to true.\n\nDNSLifetimeSec=\nLifetime in seconds for the DNS server addresses listed in DNS= and search domains listed\nin Domains=.\n\n#### [IPV6PREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nOne or more [IPv6Prefix] sections contain the IPv6 prefixes that are announced via Router\nAdvertisements. See RFC 4861[23] for further details.\n\nAddressAutoconfiguration=, OnLink=\nTakes a boolean to specify whether IPv6 addresses can be autoconfigured with this prefix\nand whether the prefix can be used for onlink determination. Both settings default to\n\"true\" in order to ease configuration.\n\nPrefix=\nThe IPv6 prefix that is to be distributed to hosts. Similarly to configuring static IPv6\naddresses, the setting is configured as an IPv6 prefix and its prefix length, separated\nby a \"/\" character. Use multiple [IPv6Prefix] sections to configure multiple IPv6\nprefixes since prefix lifetimes, address autoconfiguration and onlink status may differ\nfrom one prefix to another.\n\nPreferredLifetimeSec=, ValidLifetimeSec=\nPreferred and valid lifetimes for the prefix measured in seconds.  PreferredLifetimeSec=\ndefaults to 604800 seconds (one week) and ValidLifetimeSec= defaults to 2592000 seconds\n(30 days).\n\nAssign=\nTakes a boolean. When true, adds an address from the prefix. Default to false.\n\nRouteMetric=\nThe metric of the prefix route. Takes an unsigned integer in the range 0...4294967295.\nWhen unset or set to 0, the kernel's default value is used. This setting is ignored when\nAssign= is false.\n\n#### [IPV6ROUTEPREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nOne or more [IPv6RoutePrefix] sections contain the IPv6 prefix routes that are announced via\nRouter Advertisements. See RFC 4191[15] for further details.\n\nRoute=\nThe IPv6 route that is to be distributed to hosts. Similarly to configuring static IPv6\nroutes, the setting is configured as an IPv6 prefix routes and its prefix route length,\nseparated by a \"/\" character. Use multiple [IPv6PrefixRoutes] sections to configure\nmultiple IPv6 prefix routes.\n\nLifetimeSec=\nLifetime for the route prefix measured in seconds.  LifetimeSec= defaults to 604800\nseconds (one week).\n\n#### [BRIDGE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [Bridge] section accepts the following keys:\n\nUnicastFlood=\nTakes a boolean. Controls whether the bridge should flood traffic for which an FDB entry\nis missing and the destination is unknown through this port. When unset, the kernel's\ndefault will be used.\n\nMulticastFlood=\nTakes a boolean. Controls whether the bridge should flood traffic for which an MDB entry\nis missing and the destination is unknown through this port. When unset, the kernel's\ndefault will be used.\n\nMulticastToUnicast=\nTakes a boolean. Multicast to unicast works on top of the multicast snooping feature of\nthe bridge. Which means unicast copies are only delivered to hosts which are interested\nin it. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nNeighborSuppression=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether ARP and ND neighbor suppression is enabled for this\nport. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nLearning=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether MAC address learning is enabled for this port. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nHairPin=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether traffic may be sent back out of the port on which it\nwas received. When this flag is false, then the bridge will not forward traffic back out\nof the receiving port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nUseBPDU=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether STP Bridge Protocol Data Units will be processed by\nthe bridge port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nFastLeave=\nTakes a boolean. This flag allows the bridge to immediately stop multicast traffic on a\nport that receives an IGMP Leave message. It is only used with IGMP snooping if enabled\non the bridge. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nAllowPortToBeRoot=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether a given port is allowed to become a root port. Only\nused when STP is enabled on the bridge. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nProxyARP=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether proxy ARP to be enabled on this port. When unset, the\nkernel's default will be used.\n\nProxyARPWiFi=\nTakes a boolean. Configures whether proxy ARP to be enabled on this port which meets\nextended requirements by IEEE 802.11 and Hotspot 2.0 specifications. When unset, the\nkernel's default will be used.\n\nMulticastRouter=\nConfigures this port for having multicast routers attached. A port with a multicast\nrouter will receive all multicast traffic. Takes one of \"no\" to disable multicast routers\non this port, \"query\" to let the system detect the presence of routers, \"permanent\" to\npermanently enable multicast traffic forwarding on this port, or \"temporary\" to enable\nmulticast routers temporarily on this port, not depending on incoming queries. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nCost=\nSets the \"cost\" of sending packets of this interface. Each port in a bridge may have a\ndifferent speed and the cost is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces\nshould have lower costs. It is an integer value between 1 and 65535.\n\nPriority=\nSets the \"priority\" of sending packets on this interface. Each port in a bridge may have\na different priority which is used to decide which link to use. Lower value means higher\npriority. It is an integer value between 0 to 63. Networkd does not set any default,\nmeaning the kernel default value of 32 is used.\n\n#### [BRIDGEFDB] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [BridgeFDB] section manages the forwarding database table of a port and accepts the\nfollowing keys. Specify several [BridgeFDB] sections to configure several static MAC table\nentries.\n\nMACAddress=\nAs in the [Network] section. This key is mandatory.\n\nDestination=\nTakes an IP address of the destination VXLAN tunnel endpoint.\n\nVLANId=\nThe VLAN ID for the new static MAC table entry. If omitted, no VLAN ID information is\nappended to the new static MAC table entry.\n\nVNI=\nThe VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID) to use to connect to the remote VXLAN\ntunnel endpoint. Takes a number in the range 1...16777215. Defaults to unset.\n\nAssociatedWith=\nSpecifies where the address is associated with. Takes one of \"use\", \"self\", \"master\" or\n\"router\".  \"use\" means the address is in use. User space can use this option to indicate\nto the kernel that the fdb entry is in use.  \"self\" means the address is associated with\nthe port drivers fdb. Usually hardware.  \"master\" means the address is associated with\nmaster devices fdb.  \"router\" means the destination address is associated with a router.\nNote that it's valid if the referenced device is a VXLAN type device and has route\nshortcircuit enabled. Defaults to \"self\".\n\nOutgoingInterface=\nSpecifies the name or index of the outgoing interface for the VXLAN device driver to\nreach the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [BRIDGEMDB] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [BridgeMDB] section manages the multicast membership entries forwarding database table of\na port and accepts the following keys. Specify several [BridgeMDB] sections to configure\nseveral permanent multicast membership entries.\n\nMulticastGroupAddress=\nSpecifies the IPv4 or IPv6 multicast group address to add. This setting is mandatory.\n\nVLANId=\nThe VLAN ID for the new entry. Valid ranges are 0 (no VLAN) to 4094. Optional, defaults\nto 0.\n\n#### [LLDP] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [LLDP] section manages the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and accepts the following\nkeys:\n\nMUDURL=\nWhen configured, the specified Manufacturer Usage Descriptions (MUD) URL will be sent in\nLLDP packets. The syntax and semantics are the same as for MUDURL= in the [DHCPv4]\nsection described above.\n\nThe MUD URLs received via LLDP packets are saved and can be read using the\nsdlldpneighborgetmudurl() function.\n\n#### [CAN] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [CAN] section manages the Controller Area Network (CAN bus) and accepts the following\nkeys:\n\nBitRate=\nThe bitrate of CAN device in bits per second. The usual SI prefixes (K, M) with the base\nof 1000 can be used here. Takes a number in the range 1...4294967295.\n\nSamplePoint=\nOptional sample point in percent with one decimal (e.g.  \"75%\", \"87.5%\") or permille\n(e.g.  \"875‰\").\n\nDataBitRate=, DataSamplePoint=\nThe bitrate and sample point for the data phase, if CAN-FD is used. These settings are\nanalogous to the BitRate= and SamplePoint= keys.\n\nFDMode=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", CAN-FD mode is enabled for the interface. Note, that a\nbitrate and optional sample point should also be set for the CAN-FD data phase using the\nDataBitRate= and DataSamplePoint= keys.\n\nFDNonISO=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", non-ISO CAN-FD mode is enabled for the interface. When\nunset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nRestartSec=\nAutomatic restart delay time. If set to a non-zero value, a restart of the CAN controller\nwill be triggered automatically in case of a bus-off condition after the specified delay\ntime. Subsecond delays can be specified using decimals (e.g.  \"0.1s\") or a \"ms\" or \"us\"\npostfix. Using \"infinity\" or \"0\" will turn the automatic restart off. By default\nautomatic restart is disabled.\n\nTermination=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", the termination resistor will be selected for the bias\nnetwork. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nTripleSampling=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", three samples (instead of one) are used to determine the\nvalue of a received bit by majority rule. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\nBusErrorReporting=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", reporting of CAN bus errors is activated (those include\nsingle bit, frame format, and bit stuffing errors, unable to send dominant bit, unable to\nsend recessive bit, bus overload, active error announcement, error occurred on\ntransmission). When unset, the kernel's default will be used. Note: in case of a CAN bus\nwith a single CAN device, sending a CAN frame may result in a huge number of CAN bus\nerrors.\n\nListenOnly=\nTakes a boolean. When \"yes\", listen-only mode is enabled. When the interface is in\nlisten-only mode, the interface neither transmit CAN frames nor send ACK bit. Listen-only\nmode is important to debug CAN networks without interfering with the communication or\nacknowledge the CAN frame. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.\n\n#### [QDISC] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [QDisc] section manages the traffic control queueing discipline (qdisc).\n\nParent=\nSpecifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"clsact\" or \"ingress\".\nThis is mandatory.\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [NETWORKEMULATOR] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [NetworkEmulator] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of the network\nemulator. It can be used to configure the kernel packet scheduler and simulate packet delay\nand loss for UDP or TCP applications, or limit the bandwidth usage of a particular service to\nsimulate internet connections.\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nDelaySec=\nSpecifies the fixed amount of delay to be added to all packets going out of the\ninterface. Defaults to unset.\n\nDelayJitterSec=\nSpecifies the chosen delay to be added to the packets outgoing to the network interface.\nDefaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the maximum number of packets the qdisc may hold queued at a time. An unsigned\ninteger in the range 0–4294967294. Defaults to 1000.\n\nLossRate=\nSpecifies an independent loss probability to be added to the packets outgoing from the\nnetwork interface. Takes a percentage value, suffixed with \"%\". Defaults to unset.\n\nDuplicateRate=\nSpecifies that the chosen percent of packets is duplicated before queuing them. Takes a\npercentage value, suffixed with \"%\". Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [TOKENBUCKETFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [TokenBucketFilter] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of token bucket\nfilter (tbf).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nLatencySec=\nSpecifies the latency parameter, which specifies the maximum amount of time a packet can\nsit in the Token Bucket Filter (TBF). Defaults to unset.\n\nLimitBytes=\nTakes the number of bytes that can be queued waiting for tokens to become available. When\nthe size is suffixed with K, M, or G, it is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes,\nrespectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset.\n\nBurstBytes=\nSpecifies the size of the bucket. This is the maximum amount of bytes that tokens can be\navailable for instantaneous transfer. When the size is suffixed with K, M, or G, it is\nparsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults\nto unset.\n\nRate=\nSpecifies the device specific bandwidth. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified\nbandwidth is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of\n1000. Defaults to unset.\n\nMPUBytes=\nThe Minimum Packet Unit (MPU) determines the minimal token usage (specified in bytes) for\na packet. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,\nMegabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to zero.\n\nPeakRate=\nTakes the maximum depletion rate of the bucket. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the\nspecified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of\n1000. Defaults to unset.\n\nMTUBytes=\nSpecifies the size of the peakrate bucket. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified\nsize is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024.\nDefaults to unset.\n\n#### [PIE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [PIE] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Proportional Integral\ncontroller-Enhanced (PIE).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is\nreached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned integer in the range 1...4294967294.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [FLOWQUEUEPIE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe \"[FlowQueuePIE]\" section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Flow Queue\nProportional Integral controller-Enhanced (fqpie).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is\nreached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned integer ranges 1 to 4294967294.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [STOCHASTICFAIRBLUE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [StochasticFairBlue] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of stochastic fair\nblue (sfb).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is\nreached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned integer in the range 0–4294967294.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [STOCHASTICFAIRNESSQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [StochasticFairnessQueueing] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of\nstochastic fairness queueing (sfq).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPerturbPeriodSec=\nSpecifies the interval in seconds for queue algorithm perturbation. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [BFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [BFIFO] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Byte limited Packet First In\nFirst Out (bfifo).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nLimitBytes=\nSpecifies the hard limit in bytes on the FIFO buffer size. The size limit prevents\noverflow in case the kernel is unable to dequeue packets as quickly as it receives them.\nWhen this limit is reached, incoming packets are dropped. When suffixed with K, M, or G,\nthe specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the\nbase of 1024. Defaults to unset and kernel default is used.\n\n#### [PFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [PFIFO] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Packet First In First Out\n(pfifo).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the number of packets in the FIFO queue. The size limit\nprevents overflow in case the kernel is unable to dequeue packets as quickly as it\nreceives them. When this limit is reached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned\ninteger in the range 0–4294967294. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [PFIFOHEADDROP] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [PFIFOHeadDrop] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Packet First In First\nOut Head Drop (pfifoheaddrop).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nAs in [PFIFO] section.\n\n#### [PFIFOFAST] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [PFIFOFast] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Packet First In First Out\nFast (pfifofast).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [CAKE] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [CAKE] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Common Applications Kept\nEnhanced (CAKE).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nOverheadBytes=\nSpecifies that bytes to be addeded to the size of each packet. Bytes may be negative.\nTakes an integer in the range from -64 to 256. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is\nused.\n\nBandwidth=\nSpecifies the shaper bandwidth. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is\nparsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of 1000. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [CONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [ControlledDelay] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of controlled delay\n(CoDel).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is\nreached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned integer in the range 0–4294967294.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nTargetSec=\nTakes a timespan. Specifies the acceptable minimum standing/persistent queue delay.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nIntervalSec=\nTakes a timespan. This is used to ensure that the measured minimum delay does not become\ntoo stale. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nECN=\nTakes a boolean. This can be used to mark packets instead of dropping them. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\nCEThresholdSec=\nTakes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN\nCongestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULER] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DeficitRoundRobinScheduler] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Deficit\nRound Robin Scheduler (DRR).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULERCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [DeficitRoundRobinSchedulerClass] section manages the traffic control class of Deficit\nRound Robin Scheduler (DRR).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", or a qdisc\nidentifier. The qdisc identifier is specified as the major and minor numbers in\nhexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\"). Defaults to\n\"root\".\n\nClassId=\nConfigures the unique identifier of the class. It is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to unset.\n\nQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies the amount of bytes a flow is allowed to dequeue before the scheduler moves to\nthe next class. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,\nMegabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to the MTU of the\ninterface.\n\n#### [ENHANCEDTRANSMISSIONSELECTION] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [EnhancedTransmissionSelection] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of\nEnhanced Transmission Selection (ETS).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nBands=\nSpecifies the number of bands. An unsigned integer in the range 1–16. This value has to\nbe at least large enough to cover the strict bands specified through the StrictBands= and\nbandwidth-sharing bands specified in QuantumBytes=.\n\nStrictBands=\nSpecifies the number of bands that should be created in strict mode. An unsigned integer\nin the range 1–16.\n\nQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies the white-space separated list of quantum used in band-sharing bands. When\nsuffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or\nGigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. This setting can be specified multiple\ntimes. If an empty string is assigned, then the all previous assignments are cleared.\n\nPriorityMap=\nThe priority map maps the priority of a packet to a band. The argument is a whitespace\nseparated list of numbers. The first number indicates which band the packets with\npriority 0 should be put to, the second is for priority 1, and so on. There can be up to\n16 numbers in the list. If there are fewer, the default band that traffic with one of the\nunmentioned priorities goes to is the last one. Each band number must be in the range\n0...255. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is assigned,\nthen the all previous assignments are cleared.\n\n#### [GENERICRANDOMEARLYDETECTION] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [GenericRandomEarlyDetection] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Generic\nRandom Early Detection (GRED).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nVirtualQueues=\nSpecifies the number of virtual queues. Takes an integer in the range 1...16. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\nDefaultVirtualQueue=\nSpecifies the number of default virtual queue. This must be less than VirtualQueue=.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nGenericRIO=\nTakes a boolean. It turns on the RIO-like buffering scheme. Defaults to unset and\nkernel's default is used.\n\n#### [FAIRQUEUEINGCONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [FairQueueingControlledDelay] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of fair\nqueuing controlled delay (FQ-CoDel).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the real queue size. When this limit is reached, incoming\npackets are dropped. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nMemoryLimitBytes=\nSpecifies the limit on the total number of bytes that can be queued in this FQ-CoDel\ninstance. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,\nMegabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and\nkernel's default is used.\n\nFlows=\nSpecifies the number of flows into which the incoming packets are classified. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\nTargetSec=\nTakes a timespan. Specifies the acceptable minimum standing/persistent queue delay.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nIntervalSec=\nTakes a timespan. This is used to ensure that the measured minimum delay does not become\ntoo stale. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies the number of bytes used as the \"deficit\" in the fair queuing algorithm\ntimespan. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,\nMegabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and\nkernel's default is used.\n\nECN=\nTakes a boolean. This can be used to mark packets instead of dropping them. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\nCEThresholdSec=\nTakes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN\nCongestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [FAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [FairQueueing] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of fair queue traffic\npolicing (FQ).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the real queue size. When this limit is reached, incoming\npackets are dropped. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nFlowLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the maximum number of packets queued per flow. Defaults to\nunset and kernel's default is used.\n\nQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies the credit per dequeue RR round, i.e. the amount of bytes a flow is allowed to\ndequeue at once. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as\nKilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset\nand kernel's default is used.\n\nInitialQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies the initial sending rate credit, i.e. the amount of bytes a new flow is allowed\nto dequeue initially. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as\nKilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset\nand kernel's default is used.\n\nMaximumRate=\nSpecifies the maximum sending rate of a flow. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the\nspecified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of\n1000. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\nBuckets=\nSpecifies the size of the hash table used for flow lookups. Defaults to unset and\nkernel's default is used.\n\nOrphanMask=\nTakes an unsigned integer. For packets not owned by a socket, fq is able to mask a part\nof hash and reduce number of buckets associated with the traffic. Defaults to unset and\nkernel's default is used.\n\nPacing=\nTakes a boolean, and enables or disables flow pacing. Defaults to unset and kernel's\ndefault is used.\n\nCEThresholdSec=\nTakes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN\nCongestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [TRIVIALLINKEQUALIZER] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [TrivialLinkEqualizer] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of trivial link\nequalizer (teql).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nId=\nSpecifies the interface ID \"N\" of teql. Defaults to \"0\". Note that when teql is used,\ncurrently, the module schteql with maxequalizers=N+1 option must be loaded before\nsystemd-networkd is started.\n\n#### [HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKET] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [HierarchyTokenBucket] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of hierarchy token\nbucket (htb).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nDefaultClass=\nTakes the minor id in hexadecimal of the default class. Unclassified traffic gets sent to\nthe class. Defaults to unset.\n\nRateToQuantum=\nTakes an unsigned integer. The DRR quantums are calculated by dividing the value\nconfigured in Rate= by RateToQuantum=.\n\n#### [HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKETCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [HierarchyTokenBucketClass] section manages the traffic control class of hierarchy token\nbucket (htb).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", or a qdisc\nidentifier. The qdisc identifier is specified as the major and minor numbers in\nhexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\"). Defaults to\n\"root\".\n\nClassId=\nConfigures the unique identifier of the class. It is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to unset.\n\nPriority=\nSpecifies the priority of the class. In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest\npriority field are tried for packets first.\n\nQuantumBytes=\nSpecifies how many bytes to serve from leaf at once. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the\nspecified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base\nof 1024.\n\nMTUBytes=\nSpecifies the maximum packet size we create. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified\nsize is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024.\n\nOverheadBytes=\nTakes an unsigned integer which specifies per-packet size overhead used in rate\ncomputations. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,\nMegabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024.\n\nRate=\nSpecifies the maximum rate this class and all its children are guaranteed. When suffixed\nwith K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits,\nrespectively, to the base of 1000. This setting is mandatory.\n\nCeilRate=\nSpecifies the maximum rate at which a class can send, if its parent has bandwidth to\nspare. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits,\nor Gigabits, respectively, to the base of 1000. When unset, the value specified with\nRate= is used.\n\nBufferBytes=\nSpecifies the maximum bytes burst which can be accumulated during idle period. When\nsuffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or\nGigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024.\n\nCeilBufferBytes=\nSpecifies the maximum bytes burst for ceil which can be accumulated during idle period.\nWhen suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or\nGigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024.\n\n#### [HEAVYHITTERFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [HeavyHitterFilter] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Heavy Hitter\nFilter (hhf).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\nPacketLimit=\nSpecifies the hard limit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is\nreached, incoming packets are dropped. An unsigned integer in the range 0–4294967294.\nDefaults to unset and kernel's default is used.\n\n#### [QUICKFAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [QuickFairQueueing] section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of Quick Fair\nQueueing (QFQ).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", \"clsact\",\n\"ingress\" or a class identifier. The class identifier is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to \"root\".\n\nHandle=\nConfigures the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle. Takes\na hexadecimal number in the range 0x1–0xffff. Defaults to unset.\n\n#### [QUICKFAIRQUEUEINGCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [QuickFairQueueingClass] section manages the traffic control class of Quick Fair Queueing\n(qfq).\n\nParent=\nConfigures the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of \"root\", or a qdisc\nidentifier. The qdisc identifier is specified as the major and minor numbers in\nhexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\"). Defaults to\n\"root\".\n\nClassId=\nConfigures the unique identifier of the class. It is specified as the major and minor\nnumbers in hexadecimal in the range 0x1–Oxffff separated with a colon (\"major:minor\").\nDefaults to unset.\n\nWeight=\nSpecifies the weight of the class. Takes an integer in the range 1...1023. Defaults to\nunset in which case the kernel default is used.\n\nMaxPacketBytes=\nSpecifies the maximum packet size in bytes for the class. When suffixed with K, M, or G,\nthe specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the\nbase of 1024. When unset, the kernel default is used.\n\n#### [BRIDGEVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS\n\nThe [BridgeVLAN] section manages the VLAN ID configuration of a bridge port and accepts the\nfollowing keys. Specify several [BridgeVLAN] sections to configure several VLAN entries. The\nVLANFiltering= option has to be enabled, see the [Bridge] section in systemd.netdev(5).\n\nVLAN=\nThe VLAN ID allowed on the port. This can be either a single ID or a range M-N. VLAN IDs\nare valid from 1 to 4094.\n\nEgressUntagged=\nThe VLAN ID specified here will be used to untag frames on egress. Configuring\nEgressUntagged= implicates the use of VLAN= above and will enable the VLAN ID for ingress\nas well. This can be either a single ID or a range M-N.\n\nPVID=\nThe Port VLAN ID specified here is assigned to all untagged frames at ingress.  PVID= can\nbe used only once. Configuring PVID= implicates the use of VLAN= above and will enable\nthe VLAN ID for ingress as well.\n\n### EXAMPLES\n\n#### Example 1. Static network configuration\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network\n[Match]\nName=enp2s0\n\n[Network]\nAddress=192.168.0.15/24\nGateway=192.168.0.1\n\nThis brings interface \"enp2s0\" up with a static address. The specified gateway will be used\nfor a default route.\n\n#### Example 2. DHCP on ethernet links\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network\n[Match]\nName=en*\n\n[Network]\nDHCP=yes\n\nThis will enable DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 on all interfaces with names starting with \"en\" (i.e.\nethernet interfaces).\n\n#### Example 3. IPv6 Prefix Delegation\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/55-ipv6-pd-upstream.network\n[Match]\nName=enp1s0\n\n[Network]\nDHCP=ipv6\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/56-ipv6-pd-downstream.network\n[Match]\nName=enp2s0\n\n[Network]\nIPv6SendRA=yes\nDHCPv6PrefixDelegation=yes\n\nThis will enable DHCPv6-PD on the interface enp1s0 as an upstream interface where the DHCPv6\nclient is running and enp2s0 as a downstream interface where the prefix is delegated to. The\ndelegated prefixes are distributed by IPv6 Router Advertisement on the downstream network.\n\n#### Example 4. A bridge with two enslaved links\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-static.network\n[Match]\nName=bridge0\n\n[Network]\nAddress=192.168.0.15/24\nGateway=192.168.0.1\nDNS=192.168.0.1\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network\n[Match]\nName=enp2s0\n\n[Network]\nBridge=bridge0\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-2.network\n[Match]\nName=wlp3s0\n\n[Network]\nBridge=bridge0\n\nThis creates a bridge and attaches devices \"enp2s0\" and \"wlp3s0\" to it. The bridge will have\nthe specified static address and network assigned, and a default route via the specified\ngateway will be added. The specified DNS server will be added to the global list of DNS\nresolvers.\n\n#### Example 5. Bridge port with VLAN forwarding\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network\n[Match]\nName=enp2s0\n\n[Network]\nBridge=bridge0\n\n[BridgeVLAN]\nVLAN=1-32\nPVID=42\nEgressUntagged=42\n\n[BridgeVLAN]\nVLAN=100-200\n\n[BridgeVLAN]\nEgressUntagged=300-400\n\nThis overrides the configuration specified in the previous example for the interface\n\"enp2s0\", and enables VLAN on that bridge port. VLAN IDs 1-32, 42, 100-400 will be allowed.\nPackets tagged with VLAN IDs 42, 300-400 will be untagged when they leave on this interface.\nUntagged packets which arrive on this interface will be assigned VLAN ID 42.\n\n#### Example 6. Various tunnels\n\n/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnels.network\n[Match]\nName=ens1\n\n[Network]\nTunnel=ipip-tun\nTunnel=sit-tun\nTunnel=gre-tun\nTunnel=vti-tun\n\n\n/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-ipip.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=ipip-tun\nKind=ipip\n\n\n/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-sit.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=sit-tun\nKind=sit\n\n\n/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-gre.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=gre-tun\nKind=gre\n\n\n/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-vti.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=vti-tun\nKind=vti\n\n\nThis will bring interface \"ens1\" up and create an IPIP tunnel, a SIT tunnel, a GRE tunnel,\nand a VTI tunnel using it.\n\n#### Example 7. A bond device\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.network\n[Match]\nName=bond1\n\n[Network]\nDHCP=ipv6\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=bond1\nKind=bond\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev1.network\n[Match]\nMACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:41\n\n[Network]\nBond=bond1\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev2.network\n[Match]\nMACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:42\n\n[Network]\nBond=bond1\n\nThis will create a bond device \"bond1\" and enslave the two devices with MAC addresses\n52:54:00:e9:64:41 and 52:54:00:e9:64:42 to it. IPv6 DHCP will be used to acquire an address.\n\n#### Example 8. Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)\n\nAdd the \"bond1\" interface to the VRF master interface \"vrf1\". This will redirect routes\ngenerated on this interface to be within the routing table defined during VRF creation. For\nkernels before 4.8 traffic won't be redirected towards the VRFs routing table unless specific\nip-rules are added.\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/25-vrf.network\n[Match]\nName=bond1\n\n[Network]\nVRF=vrf1\n\n#### Example 9. MacVTap\n\nThis brings up a network interface \"macvtap-test\" and attaches it to \"enp0s25\".\n\n# /lib/systemd/network/25-macvtap.network\n[Match]\nName=enp0s25\n\n[Network]\nMACVTAP=macvtap-test\n\n#### Example 10. A Xfrm interface with physical underlying device.\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/27-xfrm.netdev\n[NetDev]\nName=xfrm0\nKind=xfrm\n\n[Xfrm]\nInterfaceId=7\n\n# /etc/systemd/network/27-eth0.network\n[Match]\nName=eth0\n\n[Network]\nXfrm=xfrm0\n\nThis creates a \"xfrm0\" interface and binds it to the \"eth0\" device. This allows hardware\nbased ipsec offloading to the \"eth0\" nic. If offloading is not needed, xfrm interfaces can be\nassigned to the \"lo\" device.\n\n### SEE ALSO\n\nsystemd(1), systemd-networkd.service(8), systemd.link(5), systemd.netdev(5), systemd-\nresolved.service(8)\n\n### NOTES\n\n1. RFC 7217\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7217\n\n2. Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4795\n\n3. Multicast DNS\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762\n\n4. DNS-over-TLS\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7858\n\n5. DNSSEC\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4033\n\n6. IEEE 802.1AB-2016\nhttps://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.1AB-2016.html\n\n7. ip-sysctl.txt\nhttps://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt\n\n8. RFC 4941\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4941\n\n9. RFC 1027\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1027\n\n10. RFC 6275\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6275\n\n11. RFC 5227\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5227\n\n12. RFC 4862\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862\n\n13. RFC 3041\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3041\n\n14. RFC 3484\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3484\n\n15. RFC 4191\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4191\n\n16. RFC 8520\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8520\n\n17. RFC 7844\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7844\n\n18. C-style escapes\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EscapesequencesinC#Tableofescapesequences\n\n19. RFC 7084\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7084\n\n20. RFC 3315\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3315#section-17.2.1\n\n21. RFC 4291\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.4\n\n22. RFC 1542\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1542\n\n23. RFC 4861\nhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4861\n\n\n\nsystemd 249                                                                       SYSTEMD.NETWORK(5)\n\n"
        }
    ],
    "structuredContent": {
        "command": "SYSTEMD.NETWORK",
        "section": "5",
        "mode": "man",
        "summary": "systemd.network - Network configuration",
        "synopsis": "network.network",
        "flags": [],
        "examples": [
            "# /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp2s0",
            "[Network]",
            "Address=192.168.0.15/24",
            "Gateway=192.168.0.1",
            "This brings interface \"enp2s0\" up with a static address. The specified gateway will be used",
            "for a default route.",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=en*",
            "[Network]",
            "DHCP=yes",
            "This will enable DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 on all interfaces with names starting with \"en\" (i.e.",
            "ethernet interfaces).",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/55-ipv6-pd-upstream.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp1s0",
            "[Network]",
            "DHCP=ipv6",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/56-ipv6-pd-downstream.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp2s0",
            "[Network]",
            "IPv6SendRA=yes",
            "DHCPv6PrefixDelegation=yes",
            "This will enable DHCPv6-PD on the interface enp1s0 as an upstream interface where the DHCPv6",
            "client is running and enp2s0 as a downstream interface where the prefix is delegated to. The",
            "delegated prefixes are distributed by IPv6 Router Advertisement on the downstream network.",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-static.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=bridge0",
            "[Network]",
            "Address=192.168.0.15/24",
            "Gateway=192.168.0.1",
            "DNS=192.168.0.1",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp2s0",
            "[Network]",
            "Bridge=bridge0",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-2.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=wlp3s0",
            "[Network]",
            "Bridge=bridge0",
            "This creates a bridge and attaches devices \"enp2s0\" and \"wlp3s0\" to it. The bridge will have",
            "the specified static address and network assigned, and a default route via the specified",
            "gateway will be added. The specified DNS server will be added to the global list of DNS",
            "resolvers.",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp2s0",
            "[Network]",
            "Bridge=bridge0",
            "[BridgeVLAN]",
            "VLAN=1-32",
            "PVID=42",
            "EgressUntagged=42",
            "[BridgeVLAN]",
            "VLAN=100-200",
            "[BridgeVLAN]",
            "EgressUntagged=300-400",
            "This overrides the configuration specified in the previous example for the interface",
            "\"enp2s0\", and enables VLAN on that bridge port. VLAN IDs 1-32, 42, 100-400 will be allowed.",
            "Packets tagged with VLAN IDs 42, 300-400 will be untagged when they leave on this interface.",
            "Untagged packets which arrive on this interface will be assigned VLAN ID 42.",
            "/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnels.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=ens1",
            "[Network]",
            "Tunnel=ipip-tun",
            "Tunnel=sit-tun",
            "Tunnel=gre-tun",
            "Tunnel=vti-tun",
            "/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-ipip.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=ipip-tun",
            "Kind=ipip",
            "/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-sit.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=sit-tun",
            "Kind=sit",
            "/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-gre.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=gre-tun",
            "Kind=gre",
            "/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-vti.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=vti-tun",
            "Kind=vti",
            "This will bring interface \"ens1\" up and create an IPIP tunnel, a SIT tunnel, a GRE tunnel,",
            "and a VTI tunnel using it.",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=bond1",
            "[Network]",
            "DHCP=ipv6",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=bond1",
            "Kind=bond",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev1.network",
            "[Match]",
            "MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:41",
            "[Network]",
            "Bond=bond1",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev2.network",
            "[Match]",
            "MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:42",
            "[Network]",
            "Bond=bond1",
            "This will create a bond device \"bond1\" and enslave the two devices with MAC addresses",
            "52:54:00:e9:64:41 and 52:54:00:e9:64:42 to it. IPv6 DHCP will be used to acquire an address.",
            "Add the \"bond1\" interface to the VRF master interface \"vrf1\". This will redirect routes",
            "generated on this interface to be within the routing table defined during VRF creation. For",
            "kernels before 4.8 traffic won't be redirected towards the VRFs routing table unless specific",
            "ip-rules are added.",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/25-vrf.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=bond1",
            "[Network]",
            "VRF=vrf1",
            "This brings up a network interface \"macvtap-test\" and attaches it to \"enp0s25\".",
            "# /lib/systemd/network/25-macvtap.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=enp0s25",
            "[Network]",
            "MACVTAP=macvtap-test",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/27-xfrm.netdev",
            "[NetDev]",
            "Name=xfrm0",
            "Kind=xfrm",
            "[Xfrm]",
            "InterfaceId=7",
            "# /etc/systemd/network/27-eth0.network",
            "[Match]",
            "Name=eth0",
            "[Network]",
            "Xfrm=xfrm0",
            "This creates a \"xfrm0\" interface and binds it to the \"eth0\" device. This allows hardware",
            "based ipsec offloading to the \"eth0\" nic. If offloading is not needed, xfrm interfaces can be",
            "assigned to the \"lo\" device."
        ],
        "see_also": [
            {
                "name": "systemd",
                "section": "1",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/systemd/1/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "systemd-networkd.service",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/systemd-networkd.service/8/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "systemd.link",
                "section": "5",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/systemd.link/5/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "systemd.netdev",
                "section": "5",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/systemd.netdev/5/json"
            },
            {
                "name": "resolved.service",
                "section": "8",
                "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/resolved.service/8/json"
            }
        ],
        "section_outline": [
            {
                "name": "NAME",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "SYNOPSIS",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "DESCRIPTION",
                "lines": 30,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "[MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 126
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[LINK] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 97
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[SR-IOV] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 47
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[NETWORK] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 417
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[ADDRESS] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 72
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[NEIGHBOR] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[IPV6ADDRESSLABEL] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[ROUTINGPOLICYRULE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 72
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[NEXTHOP] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 33
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[ROUTE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 128
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DHCPV4] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 202
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DHCPV6] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 73
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DHCPV6PREFIXDELEGATION] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 35
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[IPV6ACCEPTRA] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 74
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DHCPSERVER] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 107
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DHCPSERVERSTATICLEASE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[IPV6SENDRA] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 40
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[IPV6PREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 28
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[IPV6ROUTEPREFIX] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[BRIDGE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 71
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[BRIDGEFDB] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 31
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[BRIDGEMDB] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[LLDP] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[CAN] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 53
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[QDISC] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 10
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[NETWORKEMULATOR] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 35
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[TOKENBUCKETFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 48
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[PIE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[FLOWQUEUEPIE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[STOCHASTICFAIRBLUE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[STOCHASTICFAIRNESSQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 16
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[BFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 20
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[PFIFO] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 19
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[PFIFOHEADDROP] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 16
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[PFIFOFAST] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[CAKE] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 23
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[CONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 34
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULER] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[DEFICITROUNDROBINSCHEDULERCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 20
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[ENHANCEDTRANSMISSIONSELECTION] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 37
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[GENERICRANDOMEARLYDETECTION] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 25
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[FAIRQUEUEINGCONTROLLEDDELAY] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 49
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[FAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 55
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[TRIVIALLINKEQUALIZER] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKET] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 21
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[HIERARCHYTOKENBUCKETCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 53
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[HEAVYHITTERFILTER] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[QUICKFAIRQUEUEING] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[QUICKFAIRQUEUEINGCLASS] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 23
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "[BRIDGEVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS",
                        "lines": 18
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "EXAMPLES",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Example 1. Static network configuration",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 2. DHCP on ethernet links",
                        "lines": 10
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 3. IPv6 Prefix Delegation",
                        "lines": 19
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 4. A bridge with two enslaved links",
                        "lines": 28
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 5. Bridge port with VLAN forwarding",
                        "lines": 23
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 6. Various tunnels",
                        "lines": 38
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 7. A bond device",
                        "lines": 29
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 8. Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)",
                        "lines": 12
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 9. MacVTap",
                        "lines": 9
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Example 10. A Xfrm interface with physical underlying device.",
                        "lines": 19
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "SEE ALSO",
                "lines": 3,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "NOTES",
                "lines": 72,
                "subsections": []
            }
        ]
    }
}