{
    "mode": "man",
    "parameter": "POSTFIX",
    "section": "1",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/POSTFIX/1/json",
    "generated": "2026-05-30T06:05:18Z",
    "synopsis": "postfix [-Dv] [-c configdir] command",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "postfix - Postfix control program\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SYNOPSIS": {
            "content": "postfix [-Dv] [-c configdir] command\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "This  command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the Postfix sendmail(1) com‐\nmand.\n\nThe postfix(1) command controls the operation of the Postfix mail system: start or  stop  the\nmaster(8) daemon, do a health check, and other maintenance.\n\nBy  default,  the  postfix(1)  command  sets up a standardized environment and runs the post‐‐\nfix-script shell script to do the actual work.\n\nHowever, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured, postfix(1)  executes  the\ncommand specified with the multiinstancewrapper configuration parameter.  This command will\nexecute the command for each applicable Postfix instance.\n\nThe following commands are implemented:\n\ncheck  Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and  create  missing  directo‐\nries.\n\nstart  Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration check described above.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "start-fg",
                    "content": "Like  start,  but keep the master(8) daemon running in the foreground, and enable mas‐‐\nter(8) \"init\" mode when running as PID 1.  This command requires  that  multi-instance\nsupport  is  disabled  (i.e.  the  multiinstancedirectories  parameter value must be\nempty).\n\nWhen running Postfix inside a container, see MAILLOGREADME  for  logging  to  stdout.\nPostfix  logs to syslog by default, which requires a) running a syslogd process inside\nthe container, or b) mounting the container host's /dev/log  socket  inside  the  con‐\ntainer  (example:  \"docker  run  -v /dev/log:/dev/log ...\"), and c) a distinct Postfix\n\"syslogname\" prefix that identifies logging from the Postfix instance.\n\nstop   Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible, running processes are\nallowed to terminate at their earliest convenience.\n\nNote: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a configuration change, do not\nuse the start and stop commands in succession. Use the reload command instead.\n\nabort  Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are signaled to stop  immedi‐\nately.\n\nflush  Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred mail queue. Normally,\nattempts to deliver delayed mail happen at regular intervals,  the  interval  doubling\nafter each failed attempt.\n\nWarning:  flushing  undeliverable mail frequently will result in poor delivery perfor‐\nmance of all other mail.\n\nreload Re-read configuration files. Running processes  terminate  at  their  earliest  conve‐\nnience.\n\nstatus Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running.\n\nset-permissions [name=value ...]\nSet  the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and directories, as speci‐\nfied in the postfix-files file.\n\nSpecify name=value to override and update specific main.cf  configuration  parameters.\nUse this, for example, to change the mailowner or setgidgroup setting for an already\ninstalled Postfix system.\n\nThis feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.  With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use\n\"$configdirectory/post-install set-permissions\".\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "logrotate",
                    "content": "Rotate the logfile specified with $maillogfile, by appending a time-stamp suffix that\nis formatted according to $maillogfilerotatesuffix, and  by  compressing  the  file\nwith the command specified with $maillogfilecompressor.  This will not rotate /dev/*\nfiles.\n\nThis feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later.\n\ntls subcommand\nEnable opportunistic TLS in the Postfix SMTP client or server, and manage Postfix SMTP\nserver TLS private keys and certificates.  See postfix-tls(1) for documentation.\n\nThis feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later.\n\nupgrade-configuration [name=value ...]\nUpdate the main.cf and master.cf files with information that Postfix needs in order to\nrun: add or update services, and add or update configuration parameter settings.\n\nSpecify name=value to override and update specific main.cf configuration parameters.\n\nThis feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.  With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use\n\"$configdirectory/post-install upgrade-configuration\".\n\nThe following options are implemented:\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-c",
                    "content": "Read  the  main.cf and master.cf configuration files in the named directory instead of\nthe default configuration directory.  Use this to distinguish between multiple Postfix\ninstances on the same host.\n\nWith  Postfix  2.6  and later, this option forces the postfix(1) command to operate on\nthe specified Postfix instance only.  This behavior is inherited  by  postfix(1)  com‐\nmands that run as a descendant of the current process.\n",
                    "flag": "-c"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-D",
                    "content": "Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified via the debuggercom‐‐\nmand configuration parameter.\n",
                    "flag": "-D"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-v -v",
                    "content": "increasingly verbose.\n",
                    "flag": "-v"
                }
            ]
        },
        "ENVIRONMENT": {
            "content": "The postfix(1) command exports the following environment variables before executing the post‐‐\nfix-script file:\n\nMAILCONFIG\nThis is set when the -c command-line option is present.\n\nWith Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces the postfix(1) command to\noperate  on  the specified Postfix instance only.  This behavior is inherited by post‐\nfix(1) commands that run as a descendant of the current process.\n\nMAILVERBOSE\nThis is set when the -v command-line option is present.\n\nMAILDEBUG\nThis is set when the -D command-line option is present.\n\nWhen the internal logging service is enabled (by setting a non-empty  maillogfile  parameter\nvalue)  the  postfix(1) command exports settings that are used by child processes before they\nhave processed main.cf or command-line settings.\n\nPOSTLOGSERVICE\nThe name of the public postlog service endpoint.\n\nPOSTLOGHOSTNAME\nThe hostname to prepend to internal logging.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS": {
            "content": "The following main.cf configuration parameters are exported as environment variables with the\nsame names:\n\nconfigdirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.\n\ncommanddirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe location of all postfix administrative commands.\n\ndaemondirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.\n\nhtmldirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe  location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build, configure or operate a\nspecific Postfix subsystem or feature.\n\nmailowner (postfix)\nThe UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix daemon processes.\n\nmailqpath (see 'postconf -d' output)\nSendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix  mailq(1)  command  is\ninstalled.\n\nmanpagedirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nWhere the Postfix manual pages are installed.\n\nnewaliasespath (see 'postconf -d' output)\nSendmail  compatibility  feature that specifies the location of the newaliases(1) com‐\nmand.\n\nqueuedirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.\n\nreadmedirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe location of Postfix README files that describe how to build, configure or  operate\na specific Postfix subsystem or feature.\n\nsendmailpath (see 'postconf -d' output)\nA  Sendmail  compatibility  feature  that  specifies the location of the Postfix send‐‐\nmail(1) command.\n\nsetgidgroup (postdrop)\nThe group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of group-writable Postfix directo‐\nries.\n\nAvailable in Postfix version 2.5 and later:\n\ndatadirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe  directory  with  Postfix-writable  data files (for example: caches, pseudo-random\nnumbers).\n\nAvailable in Postfix version 3.0 and later:\n\ncompatibilitylevel (0)\nA safety net that causes Postfix to run with backwards-compatible default settings af‐\nter an upgrade to a newer Postfix version.\n\nmetadirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe location of non-executable files that are shared among multiple Postfix instances,\nsuch  as  postfix-files,  dynamicmaps.cf,  and  the  multi-instance   template   files\nmain.cf.proto and master.cf.proto.\n\nshlibdirectory (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe  location  of  Postfix dynamically-linked libraries (libpostfix-*.so), and the de‐\nfault location of Postfix database plugins (postfix-*.so) that have a  relative  path‐\nname in the dynamicmaps.cf file.\n\nAvailable in Postfix version 3.1 and later:\n\nopensslpath (openssl)\nThe location of the OpenSSL command line program openssl(1).\n\nOther configuration parameters:\n\nimportenvironment (see 'postconf -d' output)\nThe  list of environment parameters that a privileged Postfix process will import from\na non-Postfix parent process, or name=value environment overrides.\n\nsyslogfacility (mail)\nThe syslog facility of Postfix logging.\n\nsyslogname (see 'postconf -d' output)\nA prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that,  for  exam‐\nple, \"smtpd\" becomes \"prefix/smtpd\".\n\nAvailable in Postfix version 2.6 and later:\n\nmultiinstancedirectories (empty)\nAn  optional  list of non-default Postfix configuration directories; these directories\nbelong to additional Postfix instances that share the  Postfix  executable  files  and\ndocumentation  with the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, etc.,\ntogether with the default Postfix instance.\n\nmultiinstancewrapper (empty)\nThe pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the postfix(1)  command  invokes\nwhen the multiinstancedirectories parameter value is non-empty.\n\nmultiinstancegroup (empty)\nThe optional instance group name of this Postfix instance.\n\nmultiinstancename (empty)\nThe optional instance name of this Postfix instance.\n\nmultiinstanceenable (no)\nAllow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a multi-instance manager.\n\nAvailable in Postfix version 3.4 and later:\n\nmaillogfile (empty)\nThe name of an optional logfile that is written by the Postfix postlogd(8) service.\n\nmaillogfilecompressor (gzip)\nThe program to run after rotating $maillogfile with \"postfix logrotate\".\n\nmaillogfileprefixes (/var, /dev/stdout)\nA list of allowed prefixes for a maillogfile value.\n\nmaillogfilerotatesuffix (%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)\nThe  format  of  the  suffix  to  append to $maillogfile while rotating the file with\n\"postfix logrotate\".\n\npostlogservicename (postlog)\nThe name of the postlogd(8) service entry in master.cf.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FILES": {
            "content": "Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following  files  were  in  $configdirectory.  Some\nfiles are now in $daemondirectory or $metadirectory so that they can be shared among multi‐\nple instances that run the same Postfix version.\n\nUse the command \"postconf configdirectory\" or  \"postconf  daemondirectory\"  to  expand  the\nnames into their actual values.\n\n$configdirectory/main.cf, Postfix configuration parameters\n$configdirectory/master.cf, Postfix daemon processes\n$daemondirectory/postfix-script, administrative commands\n$daemondirectory/post-install, post-installation configuration\n$metadirectory/dynamicmaps.cf, plug-in database clients\n$metadirectory/postfix-files, file/directory permissions\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SEE ALSO": {
            "content": "Commands:\npostalias(1), create/update/query alias database\npostcat(1), examine Postfix queue file\npostconf(1), Postfix configuration utility\npostfix(1), Postfix control program\npostfix-tls(1), Postfix TLS management\npostkick(1), trigger Postfix daemon\npostlock(1), Postfix-compatible locking\npostlog(1), Postfix-compatible logging\npostmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager\npostmulti(1), Postfix multi-instance manager\npostqueue(1), Postfix mail queue control\npostsuper(1), Postfix housekeeping\nmailq(1), Sendmail compatibility interface\nnewaliases(1), Sendmail compatibility interface\nsendmail(1), Sendmail compatibility interface\n\nPostfix configuration:\nbounce(5), Postfix bounce message templates\nmaster(5), Postfix master.cf file syntax\npostconf(5), Postfix main.cf file syntax\npostfix-wrapper(5), Postfix multi-instance API\n\nTable-driven mechanisms:\naccess(5), Postfix SMTP access control table\naliases(5), Postfix alias database\ncanonical(5), Postfix input address rewriting\ngeneric(5), Postfix output address rewriting\nheaderchecks(5), bodychecks(5), Postfix content inspection\nrelocated(5), Users that have moved\ntransport(5), Postfix routing table\nvirtual(5), Postfix virtual aliasing\n\nTable lookup mechanisms:\ncidrtable(5), Associate CIDR pattern with value\nldaptable(5), Postfix LDAP client\nlmdbtable(5), Postfix LMDB database driver\nmemcachetable(5), Postfix memcache client\nmysqltable(5), Postfix MYSQL client\nnisplustable(5), Postfix NIS+ client\npcretable(5), Associate PCRE pattern with value\npgsqltable(5), Postfix PostgreSQL client\nregexptable(5), Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value\nsocketmaptable(5), Postfix socketmap client\nsqlitetable(5), Postfix SQLite database driver\ntcptable(5), Postfix client-server table lookup\n\nDaemon processes:\nanvil(8), Postfix connection/rate limiting\nbounce(8), defer(8), trace(8), Delivery status reports\ncleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue message\ndiscard(8), Postfix discard delivery agent\ndnsblog(8), DNS allow/denylist logger\nerror(8), Postfix error delivery agent\nflush(8), Postfix fast ETRN service\nlocal(8), Postfix local delivery agent\nmaster(8), Postfix master daemon\noqmgr(8), old Postfix queue manager\npickup(8), Postfix local mail pickup\npipe(8), deliver mail to non-Postfix command\npostlogd(8), Postfix internal logging service\npostscreen(8), Postfix zombie blocker\nproxymap(8), Postfix lookup table proxy server\nqmgr(8), Postfix queue manager\nqmqpd(8), Postfix QMQP server\nscache(8), Postfix connection cache manager\nshowq(8), list Postfix mail queue\nsmtp(8), lmtp(8), Postfix SMTP+LMTP client\nsmtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server\nspawn(8), run non-Postfix server\ntlsmgr(8), Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager\ntlsproxy(8), Postfix TLS proxy server\ntrivial-rewrite(8), Postfix address rewriting\nverify(8), Postfix address verification\nvirtual(8), Postfix virtual delivery agent\n\nOther:\nsyslogd(8), system logging\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "README FILES": {
            "content": "Use \"postconf readmedirectory\" or \"postconf htmldirectory\" to locate this information.\nOVERVIEW, overview of Postfix commands and processes\nBASICCONFIGURATIONREADME, Postfix basic configuration\nADDRESSREWRITINGREADME, Postfix address rewriting\nSMTPDACCESSREADME, SMTP relay/access control\nCONTENTINSPECTIONREADME, Postfix content inspection\nQSHAPEREADME, Postfix queue analysis\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "LICENSE": {
            "content": "The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.\n\nAUTHOR(S)\nWietse Venema\nIBM T.J. Watson Research\nP.O. Box 704\nYorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA\n\nWietse Venema\nGoogle, Inc.\n111 8th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10011, USA\n\nTLS support by:\nLutz Jaenicke\nBrandenburg University of Technology\nCottbus, Germany\n\nVictor Duchovni\nMorgan Stanley\n\nSASL support originally by:\nTill Franke\nSuSE Rhein/Main AG\n65760 Eschborn, Germany\n\nLMTP support originally by:\nPhilip A. Prindeville\nMirapoint, Inc.\nUSA.\n\nAmos Gouaux\nUniversity of Texas at Dallas\nP.O. Box 830688, MC34\nRichardson, TX 75083, USA\n\nIPv6 support originally by:\nMark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands\nJun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan\nThe Linux PLD project\nDean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands\n\n\n\nPOSTFIX(1)",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "postfix - Postfix control program",
    "flags": [
        {
            "flag": "-c",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "Read the main.cf and master.cf configuration files in the named directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use this to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the same host. With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the postfix(1) command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This behavior is inherited by postfix(1) com‐ mands that run as a descendant of the current process."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-D",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified via the debuggercom‐‐ mand configuration parameter."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-v",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "increasingly verbose."
        }
    ],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": [
        {
            "name": "postalias",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postalias/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postcat",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postcat/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postconf",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postconf/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postfix",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postfix/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postfix-tls",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postfix-tls/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postkick",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postkick/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postlock",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postlock/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postlog",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postlog/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postmap",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postmap/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postmulti",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postmulti/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postqueue",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postqueue/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postsuper",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postsuper/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "mailq",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mailq/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "newaliases",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/newaliases/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "sendmail",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sendmail/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "bounce",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bounce/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "master",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/master/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postconf",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postconf/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "postfix-wrapper",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/postfix-wrapper/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "access",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/access/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "aliases",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/aliases/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "canonical",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/canonical/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "generic",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/generic/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "headerchecks",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/headerchecks/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "bodychecks",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bodychecks/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "relocated",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/relocated/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "transport",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/transport/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "virtual",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/virtual/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "cidrtable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/cidrtable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ldaptable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ldaptable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "lmdbtable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/lmdbtable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "memcachetable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/memcachetable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "mysqltable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/mysqltable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nisplustable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nisplustable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "pcretable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pcretable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "pgsqltable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pgsqltable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "regexptable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/regexptable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "socketmaptable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/socketmaptable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "sqlitetable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sqlitetable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "tcptable",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tcptable/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "anvil",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/anvil/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "bounce",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/bounce/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "defer",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/defer/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "trace",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/trace/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "cleanup",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/cleanup/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "discard",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/discard/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "dnsblog",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/dnsblog/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "error",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/error/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "flush",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/flush/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "local",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/local/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "master",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/master/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "oqmgr",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/oqmgr/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "pickup",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pickup/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "pipe",
            "section": "8",
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}