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            "text": "# PERL5260DELTA(1) (man)\n\n**Summary:** perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0\n\n## Section Outline\n\n- **NAME** (2 lines)\n- **DESCRIPTION** (2 lines)\n- **Notice** (19 lines) — 10 subsections\n  - Core Enhancements (1 lines)\n  - Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental (5 lines)\n  - Indented Here-documents (30 lines)\n  - New regular expression modifier \"/xx\" (19 lines)\n  - Declaring a reference to a variable (11 lines)\n  - Unicode 9.0 is now supported (12 lines)\n  - Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platfo (6 lines)\n  - Better locale collation of strings containing embedded \"NUL\" (4 lines)\n  - \"CORE\" subroutines for hash and array functions callable via (5 lines)\n  - New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds (7 lines)\n- **Security** (1 lines) — 12 subsections\n  - Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC (150 lines)\n  - Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH (6 lines)\n  - New \"-Di\" switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output (15 lines)\n  - Incompatible Changes (1 lines)\n  - Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patte (24 lines)\n  - \"scalar(%hash)\" return signature changed (7 lines)\n  - \"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine (10 lines)\n  - The \"${^ENCODING}\" facility has been removed (5 lines)\n  - \"POSIX::tmpnam()\" has been removed (3 lines)\n  - require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal. (3 lines)\n  - Literal control character variable names are no longer permi (5 lines)\n  - \"NBSP\" is no longer permissible in \"\\N{...}\" (3 lines)\n- **Deprecations** (1 lines) — 4 subsections\n  - String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now  (14 lines)\n  - Performance Enhancements (57 lines)\n  - Modules and Pragmata (1 lines)\n  - Updated Modules and Pragmata (338 lines)\n- **Documentation** (1 lines) — 2 subsections\n  - New Documentation (7 lines)\n  - Changes to Existing Documentation (103 lines)\n- **Diagnostics** (1 lines) — 5 subsections\n  - New Diagnostics (98 lines)\n  - Changes to Existing Diagnostics (149 lines)\n  - Utility Changes (24 lines)\n  - perlbug (7 lines)\n  - Configuration and Compilation (109 lines)\n- **Testing** (39 lines) — 7 subsections\n  - Platform Support (1 lines)\n  - New Platforms (11 lines)\n  - Platform-Specific Notes (68 lines)\n  - Internal Changes (136 lines)\n  - Selected Bug Fixes (379 lines)\n  - Known Problems (5 lines)\n  - Errata From Previous Releases (3 lines)\n- **Obituary** (13 lines)\n- **Acknowledgements** (36 lines) — 2 subsections\n  - Reporting Bugs (13 lines)\n  - Give Thanks (7 lines)\n- **SEE ALSO** (11 lines)\n\n## Full Content\n\n### NAME\n\nperl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0\n\n### DESCRIPTION\n\nThis document describes the differences between the 5.24.0 release and the 5.26.0 release.\n\n### Notice\n\nThis release includes three updates with widespread effects:\n\n•   \".\" no longer in @INC\n\nFor security reasons, the current directory (\".\") is no longer included by default at the\nend of the module search path (@INC). This may have widespread implications for the\nbuilding, testing and installing of modules, and for the execution of scripts.  See the\nsection \"Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC\" for the full details.\n\n•   \"do\" may now warn\n\n\"do\" now gives a deprecation warning when it fails to load a file which it would have\nloaded had \".\" been in @INC.\n\n•   In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace \"{\" should be escaped\n\nSee \"Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer\npermissible\".\n\n#### Core Enhancements\n\n#### Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental\n\nUsing the \"lexicalsubs\" feature introduced in v5.18 no longer emits a warning.  Existing\ncode that disables the \"experimental::lexicalsubs\" warning category that the feature\npreviously used will continue to work.  The \"lexicalsubs\" feature has no effect; all Perl\ncode can use lexical subroutines, regardless of what feature declarations are in scope.\n\n#### Indented Here-documents\n\nThis adds a new modifier \"~\" to here-docs that tells the parser that it should look for\n\"/^\\s*$DELIM\\n/\" as the closing delimiter.\n\nThese syntaxes are all supported:\n\n<<~EOF;\n<<~\\EOF;\n<<~'EOF';\n<<~\"EOF\";\n<<~`EOF`;\n<<~ 'EOF';\n<<~ \"EOF\";\n<<~ `EOF`;\n\nThe \"~\" modifier will strip, from each line in the here-doc, the same whitespace that appears\nbefore the delimiter.\n\nNewlines will be copied as-is, and lines that don't include the proper beginning whitespace\nwill cause perl to croak.\n\nFor example:\n\nif (1) {\nprint <<~EOF;\nHello there\nEOF\n}\n\nprints \"Hello there\\n\" with no leading whitespace.\n\n#### New regular expression modifier \"/xx\"\n\nSpecifying two \"x\" characters to modify a regular expression pattern does everything that a\nsingle one does, but additionally TAB and SPACE characters within a bracketed character class\nare generally ignored and can be added to improve readability, like \"/[ ^ A-Z d-f p-x ]/xx\".\nDetails are at \"/x and /xx\" in perlre.\n\n\"@{^CAPTURE}\", \"%{^CAPTURE}\", and \"%{^CAPTUREALL}\"\n\"@{^CAPTURE}\" exposes the capture buffers of the last match as an array.  So $1 is\n\"${^CAPTURE}[0]\".  This is a more efficient equivalent to code like\n\"substr($matchedstring,$-[0],$+[0]-$-[0])\", and you don't have to keep track of the\n$matchedstring either.  This variable has no single character equivalent.  Note that, like\nthe other regex magic variables, the contents of this variable is dynamic; if you wish to\nstore it beyond the lifetime of the match you must copy it to another array.\n\n\"%{^CAPTURE}\" is equivalent to \"%+\" (i.e., named captures).  Other than being more self-\ndocumenting there is no difference between the two forms.\n\n\"%{^CAPTUREALL}\" is equivalent to \"%-\" (i.e., all named captures).  Other than being more\nself-documenting there is no difference between the two forms.\n\n#### Declaring a reference to a variable\n\nAs an experimental feature, Perl now allows the referencing operator to come after \"my()\",\n\"state()\", \"our()\", or \"local()\".  This syntax must be enabled with \"use feature\n'declaredrefs'\".  It is experimental, and will warn by default unless \"no warnings\n'experimental::refaliasing'\" is in effect.  It is intended mainly for use in assignments to\nreferences.  For example:\n\nuse experimental 'refaliasing', 'declaredrefs';\nmy \\$a = \\$b;\n\nSee \"Assigning to References\" in perlref for more details.\n\n#### Unicode 9.0 is now supported\n\nA list of changes is at <http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/>.  Modules that are\nshipped with core Perl but not maintained by p5p do not necessarily support Unicode 9.0.\nUnicode::Normalize does work on 9.0.\n\nUse of \"\\p{script}\" uses the improved ScriptExtensions property\nUnicode 6.0 introduced an improved form of the Script (\"sc\") property, and called it\nScriptExtensions (\"scx\").  Perl now uses this improved version when a property is specified\nas just \"\\p{script}\".  This should make programs more accurate when determining if a\ncharacter is used in a given script, but there is a slight chance of breakage for programs\nthat very specifically needed the old behavior.  The meaning of compound forms, like\n\"\\p{sc=script}\" are unchanged.  See \"Scripts\" in perlunicode.\n\n#### Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that support it\n\nSome platforms natively do a reasonable job of collating and sorting in UTF-8 locales.  Perl\nnow works with those.  For portability and full control, Unicode::Collate is still\nrecommended, but now you may not need to do anything special to get good-enough results,\ndepending on your application.  See \"Category \"LCCOLLATE\": Collation: Text Comparisons and\nSorting\" in perllocale.\n\n#### Better locale collation of strings containing embedded \"NUL\" characters\n\nIn locales that have multi-level character weights, \"NUL\"s are now ignored at the higher\npriority ones.  There are still some gotchas in some strings, though.  See \"Collation of\nstrings containing embedded \"NUL\" characters\" in perllocale.\n\n#### \"CORE\" subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference\n\nThe hash and array functions in the \"CORE\" namespace (\"keys\", \"each\", \"values\", \"push\",\n\"pop\", \"shift\", \"unshift\" and \"splice\") can now be called with ampersand syntax\n(\"&CORE::keys(\\%hash\") and via reference (\"my $k = \\&CORE::keys; $k->(\\%hash)\").  Previously\nthey could only be used when inlined.\n\n#### New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds\n\nWe have switched to a hybrid hash function to better balance performance for short and long\nkeys.\n\nFor short keys, 16 bytes and under, we use an optimised variant of One At A Time Hard, and\nfor longer keys we use Siphash 1-3.  For very long keys this is a big improvement in\nperformance.  For shorter keys there is a modest improvement.\n\n### Security\n\n#### Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC\n\nThe perl binary includes a default set of paths in @INC.  Historically it has also included\nthe current directory (\".\") as the final entry, unless run with taint mode enabled (\"perl\n-T\").  While convenient, this has security implications: for example, where a script attempts\nto load an optional module when its current directory is untrusted (such as /tmp), it could\nload and execute code from under that directory.\n\nStarting with v5.26, \".\" is always removed by default, not just under tainting.  This has\nmajor implications for installing modules and executing scripts.\n\nThe following new features have been added to help ameliorate these issues.\n\n•   Configure -Udefaultincexcludesdot\n\nThere is a new Configure option, \"defaultincexcludesdot\" (enabled by default) which\nbuilds a perl executable without \".\"; unsetting this option using \"-U\" reverts perl to\nthe old behaviour.  This may fix your path issues but will reintroduce all the security\nconcerns, so don't build a perl executable like this unless you're really confident that\nsuch issues are not a concern in your environment.\n\n•   \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\"\n\nThere is a new environment variable recognised by the perl interpreter.  If this variable\nhas the value 1 when the perl interpreter starts up, then \".\" will be automatically\nappended to @INC (except under tainting).\n\nThis allows you restore the old perl interpreter behaviour on a case-by-case basis.  But\nnote that this is intended to be a temporary crutch, and this feature will likely be\nremoved in some future perl version.  It is currently set by the \"cpan\" utility and\n\"Test::Harness\" to ease installation of CPAN modules which have not been updated to\nhandle the lack of dot.  Once again, don't use this unless you are sure that this will\nnot reintroduce any security concerns.\n\n•   A new deprecation warning issued by \"do\".\n\nWhile it is well-known that \"use\" and \"require\" use @INC to search for the file to load,\nmany people don't realise that \"do \"file\"\" also searches @INC if the file is a relative\npath.  With the removal of \".\", a simple \"do \"file.pl\"\" will fail to read in and execute\n\"file.pl\" from the current directory.  Since this is commonly expected behaviour, a new\ndeprecation warning is now issued whenever \"do\" fails to load a file which it otherwise\nwould have found if a dot had been in @INC.\n\nHere are some things script and module authors may need to do to make their software work in\nthe new regime.\n\n•   Script authors\n\nIf the issue is within your own code (rather than within included modules), then you have\ntwo main options.  Firstly, if you are confident that your script will only be run within\na trusted directory (under which you expect to find trusted files and modules), then add\n\".\" back into the path; e.g.:\n\nBEGIN {\nmy $dir = \"/some/trusted/directory\";\nchdir $dir or die \"Can't chdir to $dir: $!\\n\";\n# safe now\npush @INC, '.';\n}\n\nuse \"Foo::Bar\"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/Foo/Bar.pm\ndo \"config.pl\"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/config.pl\n\nOn the other hand, if your script is intended to be run from within untrusted directories\n(such as /tmp), then your script suddenly failing to load files may be indicative of a\nsecurity issue.  You most likely want to replace any relative paths with full paths; for\nexample,\n\ndo \"fooconfig.pl\"\n\nmight become\n\ndo \"$ENV{HOME}/fooconfig.pl\"\n\nIf you are absolutely certain that you want your script to load and execute a file from\nthe current directory, then use a \"./\" prefix; for example:\n\ndo \"./fooconfig.pl\"\n\n•   Installing and using CPAN modules\n\nIf you install a CPAN module using an automatic tool like \"cpan\", then this tool will\nitself set the \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" environment variable while building and testing the\nmodule, which may be sufficient to install a distribution which hasn't been updated to be\ndot-aware.  If you want to install such a module manually, then you'll need to replace\nthe traditional invocation:\n\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install\n\nwith something like\n\n(export PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=1; \\\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)\n\nNote that this only helps build and install an unfixed module.  It's possible for the\ntests to pass (since they were run under \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=1\"), but for the module\nitself to fail to perform correctly in production.  In this case, you may have to\ntemporarily modify your script until a fixed version of the module is released.  For\nexample:\n\nuse Foo::Bar;\n{\nlocal @INC = (@INC, '.');\n# assuming readconfig() needs '.' in @INC\n$config = Foo::Bar->readconfig();\n}\n\nThis is only rarely expected to be necessary.  Again, if doing this, assess the resultant\nrisks first.\n\n•   Module Authors\n\nIf you maintain a CPAN distribution, it may need updating to run in a dotless\nenvironment.  Although \"cpan\" and other such tools will currently set the\n\"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" during module build, this is a temporary workaround for the set of\nmodules which rely on \".\" being in @INC for installation and testing, and this may mask\ndeeper issues.  It could result in a module which passes tests and installs, but which\nfails at run time.\n\nDuring build, test, and install, it will normally be the case that any perl processes\nwill be executing directly within the root directory of the untarred distribution, or a\nknown subdirectory of that, such as t/.  It may well be that Makefile.PL or t/foo.t will\nattempt to include local modules and configuration files using their direct relative\nfilenames, which will now fail.\n\nHowever, as described above, automatic tools like cpan will (for now) set the\n\"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" environment variable, which introduces dot during a build.\n\nThis makes it likely that your existing build and test code will work, but this may mask\nissues with your code which only manifest when used after install.  It is prudent to try\nand run your build process with that variable explicitly disabled:\n\n(export PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=0; \\\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)\n\nThis is more likely to show up any potential problems with your module's build process,\nor even with the module itself.  Fixing such issues will ensure both that your module can\nagain be installed manually, and that it will still build once the \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\"\ncrutch goes away.\n\nWhen fixing issues in tests due to the removal of dot from @INC, reinsertion of dot into\n@INC should be performed with caution, for this too may suppress real errors in your\nruntime code.  You are encouraged wherever possible to apply the aforementioned\napproaches with explicit absolute/relative paths, or to relocate your needed files into a\nsubdirectory and insert that subdirectory into @INC instead.\n\nIf your runtime code has problems under the dotless @INC, then the comments above on how\nto fix for script authors will mostly apply here too.  Bear in mind though that it is\nconsidered bad form for a module to globally add a dot to @INC, since it introduces both\na security risk and hides issues of accidentally requiring dot in @INC, as explained\nabove.\n\n#### Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH\n\nOn Unix systems, Perl treats any relative paths in the \"PATH\" environment variable as tainted\nwhen starting a new process.  Previously, it was allowing a backslash to escape a colon\n(unlike the OS), consequently allowing relative paths to be considered safe if the PATH was\nset to something like \"/\\:.\".  The check has been fixed to treat \".\" as tainted in that\nexample.\n\n#### New \"-Di\" switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output\n\nThis is used for debugging of code within PerlIO to avoid recursive calls.  Previously this\noutput would be sent to the file specified by the \"PERLIODEBUG\" environment variable if perl\nwasn't running setuid and the \"-T\" or \"-t\" switches hadn't been parsed yet.\n\nIf perl performed output at a point where it hadn't yet parsed its switches this could result\nin perl creating or overwriting the file named by \"PERLIODEBUG\" even when the \"-T\" switch\nhad been supplied.\n\nPerl now requires the \"-Di\" switch to be present before it will produce PerlIO debugging\noutput.  By default this is written to \"stderr\", but can optionally be redirected to a file\nby setting the \"PERLIODEBUG\" environment variable.\n\nIf perl is running setuid or the \"-T\" switch was supplied, \"PERLIODEBUG\" is ignored and the\ndebugging output is sent to \"stderr\" as for any other \"-D\" switch.\n\n#### Incompatible Changes\n\n#### Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible\n\nYou have to now say something like \"\\{\" or \"[{]\" to specify to match a LEFT CURLY BRACKET;\notherwise, it is a fatal pattern compilation error.  This change will allow future extensions\nto the language.\n\nThese have been deprecated since v5.16, with a deprecation message raised for some uses\nstarting in v5.22.  Unfortunately, the code added to raise the message was buggy and failed\nto warn in some cases where it should have.  Therefore, enforcement of this ban for these\ncases is deferred until Perl 5.30, but the code has been fixed to raise a default-on\ndeprecation message for them in the meantime.\n\nSome uses of literal \"{\" occur in contexts where we do not foresee the meaning ever being\nanything but the literal, such as the very first character in the pattern, or after a \"|\"\nmeaning alternation.  Thus\n\nqr/{fee|{fie/\n\nmatches either of the strings \"{fee\" or \"{fie\".  To avoid forcing unnecessary code changes,\nthese uses do not need to be escaped, and no warning is raised about them, and there are no\ncurrent plans to change this.\n\nBut it is always correct to escape \"{\", and the simple rule to remember is to always do so.\n\nSee Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here.\n\n#### \"scalar(%hash)\" return signature changed\n\nThe value returned for \"scalar(%hash)\" will no longer show information about the buckets\nallocated in the hash.  It will simply return the count of used keys.  It is thus equivalent\nto \"0+keys(%hash)\".\n\nA form of backward compatibility is provided via \"Hash::Util::bucketratio()\" which provides\nthe same behavior as \"scalar(%hash)\" provided in Perl 5.24 and earlier.\n\n#### \"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine\n\n\"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine can no longer be assigned to in list context.\n\nsub foo : lvalue { keys(%INC) }\n(foo) = 3; # death\nsub bar : lvalue { keys(@) }\n(bar) = 3; # also an error\n\nThis makes the lvalue sub case consistent with \"(keys %hash) = ...\" and \"(keys @) = ...\",\nwhich are also errors.  [GH #15339] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15339>\n\n#### The \"${^ENCODING}\" facility has been removed\n\nThe special behaviour associated with assigning a value to this variable has been removed.\nAs a consequence, the encoding pragma's default mode is no longer supported.  If you still\nneed to write your source code in encodings other than UTF-8, use a source filter such as\nFilter::Encoding on CPAN or encoding's \"Filter\" option.\n\n#### \"POSIX::tmpnam()\" has been removed\n\nThe fundamentally unsafe \"tmpnam()\" interface was deprecated in Perl 5.22 and has now been\nremoved.  In its place, you can use, for example, the File::Temp interfaces.\n\n#### require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.\n\nFormerly, \"require ::Foo::Bar\" would try to read /Foo/Bar.pm.  Now any bareword require which\nstarts with a double colon dies instead.\n\n#### Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible\n\nA variable name may no longer contain a literal control character under any circumstances.\nThese previously were allowed in single-character names on ASCII platforms, but have been\ndeprecated there since Perl 5.20.  This affects things like \"$\\cT\", where \\cT is a literal\ncontrol (such as a \"NAK\" or \"NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE\" character) in the source code.\n\n#### \"NBSP\" is no longer permissible in \"\\N{...}\"\n\nThe name of a character may no longer contain non-breaking spaces.  It has been deprecated to\ndo so since Perl 5.22.\n\n### Deprecations\n\n#### String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated\n\nFor Perl to eventually allow string delimiters to be Unicode grapheme clusters (which look\nlike a single character, but may be a sequence of several ones), we have to stop allowing a\nsingle character delimiter that isn't a grapheme by itself.  These are unlikely to exist in\nactual code, as they would typically display as attached to the character in front of them.\n\n\"\\cX\" that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated\nThis means we have no plans to remove this feature.  It still raises a warning, but only if\nsyntax warnings are enabled.  The feature was originally intended to be a way to express non-\nprintable characters that don't have a mnemonic (\"\\t\" and \"\\n\" are mnemonics for two non-\nprintable characters, but most non-printables don't have a mnemonic.)  But the feature can be\nused to specify a few printable characters, though those are more clearly expressed as the\nprintable itself.  See\n<http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2017/02/msg242944.html>.\n\n#### Performance Enhancements\n\n•   A hash in boolean context is now sometimes faster, e.g.\n\nif (!%h) { ... }\n\nThis was already special-cased, but some cases were missed (such as \"grep %$, @AoH\"),\nand even the ones which weren't have been improved.\n\n•   New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds\n\nWe use a different hash function for short and long keys.  This should improve\nperformance and security, especially for long keys.\n\n•   readline is faster\n\nReading from a file line-by-line with \"readline()\" or \"<>\" should now typically be faster\ndue to a better implementation of the code that searches for the next newline character.\n\n•   Assigning one reference to another, e.g. \"$ref1 = $ref2\" has been optimized in some\ncases.\n\n•   Remove some exceptions to creating Copy-on-Write strings. The string buffer growth\nalgorithm has been slightly altered so that you're less likely to encounter a string\nwhich can't be COWed.\n\n•   Better optimise array and hash assignment: where an array or hash appears in the LHS of a\nlist assignment, such as \"(..., @a) = (...);\", it's likely to be considerably faster,\nespecially if it involves emptying the array/hash. For example, this code runs about a\nthird faster compared to Perl 5.24.0:\n\nmy @a;\nfor my $i (1..10000000) {\n@a = (1,2,3);\n@a = ();\n}\n\n•   Converting a single-digit string to a number is now substantially faster.\n\n•   The \"split\" builtin is now slightly faster in many cases: in particular for the two\nspecially-handled forms\n\nmy    @a = split ...;\nlocal @a = split ...;\n\n•   The rather slow implementation for the experimental subroutine signatures feature has\nbeen made much faster; it is now comparable in speed with the traditional \"my ($a, $b,\n@c) = @\".\n\n•   Bareword constant strings are now permitted to take part in constant folding.  They were\noriginally exempted from constant folding in August 1999, during the development of Perl\n5.6, to ensure that \"use strict \"subs\"\" would still apply to bareword constants.  That\nhas now been accomplished a different way, so barewords, like other constants, now gain\nthe performance benefits of constant folding.\n\nThis also means that void-context warnings on constant expressions of barewords now\nreport the folded constant operand, rather than the operation; this matches the behaviour\nfor non-bareword constants.\n\n#### Modules and Pragmata\n\n#### Updated Modules and Pragmata\n\n•   IO::Compress has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Archive::Tar has been upgraded from version 2.04 to 2.24.\n\n•   arybase has been upgraded from version 0.11 to 0.12.\n\n•   attributes has been upgraded from version 0.27 to 0.29.\n\nThe deprecation message for the \":unique\" and \":locked\" attributes now mention that they\nwill disappear in Perl 5.28.\n\n•   B has been upgraded from version 1.62 to 1.68.\n\n•   B::Concise has been upgraded from version 0.996 to 0.999.\n\nIts output is now more descriptive for \"opprivate\" flags.\n\n•   B::Debug has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.24.\n\n•   B::Deparse has been upgraded from version 1.37 to 1.40.\n\n•   B::Xref has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   base has been upgraded from version 2.23 to 2.25.\n\n•   bignum has been upgraded from version 0.42 to 0.47.\n\n•   Carp has been upgraded from version 1.40 to 1.42.\n\n•   charnames has been upgraded from version 1.43 to 1.44.\n\n•   Compress::Raw::Bzip2 has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Compress::Raw::Zlib has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Config::Perl::V has been upgraded from version 0.25 to 0.28.\n\n•   CPAN has been upgraded from version 2.11 to 2.18.\n\n•   CPAN::Meta has been upgraded from version 2.150005 to 2.150010.\n\n•   Data::Dumper has been upgraded from version 2.160 to 2.167.\n\nThe XS implementation now supports Deparse.\n\n•   DBFile has been upgraded from version 1.835 to 1.840.\n\n•   Devel::Peek has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.26.\n\n•   Devel::PPPort has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.\n\n•   Devel::SelfStubber has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   diagnostics has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.36.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Digest has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.1701.\n\n•   Digest::MD5 has been upgraded from version 2.54 to 2.55.\n\n•   Digest::SHA has been upgraded from version 5.95 to 5.96.\n\n•   DynaLoader has been upgraded from version 1.38 to 1.42.\n\n•   Encode has been upgraded from version 2.80 to 2.88.\n\n•   encoding has been upgraded from version 2.17 to 2.19.\n\nThis module's default mode is no longer supported.  It now dies when imported, unless the\n\"Filter\" option is being used.\n\n•   encoding::warnings has been upgraded from version 0.12 to 0.13.\n\nThis module is no longer supported.  It emits a warning to that effect and then does\nnothing.\n\n•   Errno has been upgraded from version 1.25 to 1.28.\n\nIt now documents that using \"%!\" automatically loads Errno for you.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   ExtUtils::Embed has been upgraded from version 1.33 to 1.34.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   ExtUtils::MakeMaker has been upgraded from version 7.1001 to 7.24.\n\n•   ExtUtils::Miniperl has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\n•   ExtUtils::ParseXS has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.\n\n•   ExtUtils::Typemaps has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.\n\n•   feature has been upgraded from version 1.42 to 1.47.\n\n•   File::Copy has been upgraded from version 2.31 to 2.32.\n\n•   File::Fetch has been upgraded from version 0.48 to 0.52.\n\n•   File::Glob has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\nIt now Issues a deprecation message for \"File::Glob::glob()\".\n\n•   File::Spec has been upgraded from version 3.63 to 3.67.\n\n•   FileHandle has been upgraded from version 2.02 to 2.03.\n\n•   Filter::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.93.\n\nIt no longer treats \"no MyFilter\" immediately following \"use MyFilter\" as end-of-file.\n[GH #11853] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/11853>\n\n•   Getopt::Long has been upgraded from version 2.48 to 2.49.\n\n•   Getopt::Std has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.\n\n•   Hash::Util has been upgraded from version 0.19 to 0.22.\n\n•   HTTP::Tiny has been upgraded from version 0.056 to 0.070.\n\nInternal 599-series errors now include the redirect history.\n\n•   I18N::LangTags has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.42.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   IO has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.38.\n\n•   IO::Socket::IP has been upgraded from version 0.37 to 0.38.\n\n•   IPC::Cmd has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.96.\n\n•   IPC::SysV has been upgraded from version 2.0601 to 2.07.\n\n•   JSON::PP has been upgraded from version 2.27300 to 2.2740002.\n\n•   lib has been upgraded from version 0.63 to 0.64.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   List::Util has been upgraded from version 1.4202 to 1.4602.\n\n•   Locale::Codes has been upgraded from version 3.37 to 3.42.\n\n•   Locale::Maketext has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\n•   Locale::Maketext::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.2101.\n\n•   Math::BigInt has been upgraded from version 1.999715 to 1.999806.\n\n•   Math::BigInt::FastCalc has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.5005.\n\n•   Math::BigRat has been upgraded from version 0.260802 to 0.2611.\n\n•   Math::Complex has been upgraded from version 1.59 to 1.5901.\n\n•   Memoize has been upgraded from version 1.03 to 1.0301.\n\n•   Module::CoreList has been upgraded from version 5.20170420 to 5.20170530.\n\n•   Module::Load::Conditional has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.\n\n•   Module::Metadata has been upgraded from version 1.000031 to 1.000033.\n\n•   mro has been upgraded from version 1.18 to 1.20.\n\n•   Net::Ping has been upgraded from version 2.43 to 2.55.\n\nIPv6 addresses and \"AFINET6\" sockets are now supported, along with several other\nenhancements.\n\n•   NEXT has been upgraded from version 0.65 to 0.67.\n\n•   Opcode has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.39.\n\n•   open has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.\n\n•   OS2::Process has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   overload has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\nIts compilation speed has been improved slightly.\n\n•   parent has been upgraded from version 0.234 to 0.236.\n\n•   perl5db.pl has been upgraded from version 1.50 to 1.51.\n\nIt now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems.  [GH #12244]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/12244>\n\n•   Perl::OSType has been upgraded from version 1.009 to 1.010.\n\n•   perlfaq has been upgraded from version 5.021010 to 5.021011.\n\n•   PerlIO has been upgraded from version 1.09 to 1.10.\n\n•   PerlIO::encoding has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.25.\n\n•   PerlIO::scalar has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.26.\n\n•   Pod::Checker has been upgraded from version 1.60 to 1.73.\n\n•   Pod::Functions has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.\n\n•   Pod::Html has been upgraded from version 1.22 to 1.2202.\n\n•   Pod::Perldoc has been upgraded from version 3.2502 to 3.28.\n\n•   Pod::Simple has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.\n\n•   Pod::Usage has been upgraded from version 1.68 to 1.69.\n\n•   POSIX has been upgraded from version 1.65 to 1.76.\n\nThis remedies several defects in making its symbols exportable.  [GH #15260]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15260>\n\nThe \"POSIX::tmpnam()\" interface has been removed, see \"POSIX::tmpnam() has been removed\".\n\nThe following deprecated functions have been removed:\n\nPOSIX::isalnum\nPOSIX::isalpha\nPOSIX::iscntrl\nPOSIX::isdigit\nPOSIX::isgraph\nPOSIX::islower\nPOSIX::isprint\nPOSIX::ispunct\nPOSIX::isspace\nPOSIX::isupper\nPOSIX::isxdigit\nPOSIX::tolower\nPOSIX::toupper\n\nTrying to import POSIX subs that have no real implementations (like \"POSIX::atend()\") now\nfails at import time, instead of waiting until runtime.\n\n•   re has been upgraded from version 0.32 to 0.34\n\nThis adds support for the new \"/xx\" regular expression pattern modifier, and a change to\nthe \"use re 'strict'\" experimental feature.  When \"re 'strict'\" is enabled, a warning now\nwill be generated for all unescaped uses of the two characters \"}\" and \"]\" in regular\nexpression patterns (outside bracketed character classes) that are taken literally.  This\nbrings them more in line with the \")\" character which is always a metacharacter unless\nescaped.  Being a metacharacter only sometimes, depending on an action at a distance, can\nlead to silently having the pattern mean something quite different than was intended,\nwhich the \"re 'strict'\" mode is intended to minimize.\n\n•   Safe has been upgraded from version 2.39 to 2.40.\n\n•   Scalar::Util has been upgraded from version 1.4202 to 1.4602.\n\n•   Storable has been upgraded from version 2.56 to 2.62.\n\nFixes [GH #15714] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15714>.\n\n•   Symbol has been upgraded from version 1.07 to 1.08.\n\n•   Sys::Syslog has been upgraded from version 0.33 to 0.35.\n\n•   Term::ANSIColor has been upgraded from version 4.04 to 4.06.\n\n•   Term::ReadLine has been upgraded from version 1.15 to 1.16.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Test has been upgraded from version 1.28 to 1.30.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Test::Harness has been upgraded from version 3.36 to 3.38.\n\n•   Test::Simple has been upgraded from version 1.001014 to 1.302073.\n\n•   Thread::Queue has been upgraded from version 3.09 to 3.12.\n\n•   Thread::Semaphore has been upgraded from 2.12 to 2.13.\n\nAdded the \"downtimed\" method.\n\n•   threads has been upgraded from version 2.07 to 2.15.\n\n•   threads::shared has been upgraded from version 1.51 to 1.56.\n\n•   Tie::Hash::NamedCapture has been upgraded from version 0.09 to 0.10.\n\n•   Time::HiRes has been upgraded from version 1.9733 to 1.9741.\n\nIt now builds on systems with C++11 compilers (such as G++ 6 and Clang++ 3.9).\n\nNow uses \"clockidt\".\n\n•   Time::Local has been upgraded from version 1.2300 to 1.25.\n\n•   Unicode::Collate has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.19.\n\n•   Unicode::UCD has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   version has been upgraded from version 0.9916 to 0.9917.\n\n•   VMS::DCLsym has been upgraded from version 1.06 to 1.08.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   warnings has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.37.\n\n•   XS::Typemap has been upgraded from version 0.14 to 0.15.\n\n•   XSLoader has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.27.\n\nFixed a security hole in which binary files could be loaded from a path outside of @INC.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n### Documentation\n\n#### New Documentation\n\nperldeprecation\n\nThis file documents all upcoming deprecations, and some of the deprecations which already\nhave been removed.  The purpose of this documentation is two-fold: document what will\ndisappear, and by which version, and serve as a guide for people dealing with code which has\nfeatures that no longer work after an upgrade of their perl.\n\n#### Changes to Existing Documentation\n\nWe have attempted to update the documentation to reflect the changes listed in this document.\nIf you find any we have missed, send email to perlbug@perl.org <mailto:perlbug@perl.org>.\n\nAdditionally, all references to Usenet have been removed, and the following selected changes\nhave been made:\n\nperlfunc\n\n•   Removed obsolete text about \"defined()\" on aggregates that should have been deleted\nearlier, when the feature was removed.\n\n•   Corrected documentation of \"eval()\", and \"evalbytes()\".\n\n•   Clarified documentation of \"seek()\", \"tell()\" and \"sysseek()\" emphasizing that positions\nare in bytes and not characters.  [GH #15438]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15438>\n\n•   Clarified documentation of \"sort()\" concerning the variables $a and $b.\n\n•   In \"split()\" noted that certain pattern modifiers are legal, and added a caution about\nits use in Perls before v5.11.\n\n•   Removed obsolete documentation of \"study()\", noting that it is now a no-op.\n\n•   Noted that \"vec()\" doesn't work well when the string contains characters whose code\npoints are above 255.\n\nperlguts\n\n•   Added advice on formatted printing of operands of \"Sizet\" and \"SSizet\"\n\nperlhack\n\n•   Clarify what editor tab stop rules to use, and note that we are migrating away from using\ntabs, replacing them with sequences of SPACE characters.\n\nperlhacktips\n\n•   Give another reason to use \"cBOOL\" to cast an expression to boolean.\n\n•   Note that the macros \"TRUE\" and \"FALSE\" are available to express boolean values.\n\nperlinterp\n\n•   perlinterp has been expanded to give a more detailed example of how to hunt around in the\nparser for how a given operator is handled.\n\nperllocale\n\n•   Some locales aren't compatible with Perl.  Note that these can cause core dumps.\n\nperlmod\n\n•   Various clarifications have been added.\n\nperlmodlib\n\n•   Updated the site mirror list.\n\nperlobj\n\n•   Added a section on calling methods using their fully qualified names.\n\n•   Do not discourage manual @ISA.\n\nperlootut\n\n•   Mention \"Moo\" more.\n\nperlop\n\n•   Note that white space must be used for quoting operators if the delimiter is a word\ncharacter (i.e., matches \"\\w\").\n\n•   Clarify that in regular expression patterns delimited by single quotes, no variable\ninterpolation is done.\n\nperlre\n\n•   The first part was extensively rewritten to incorporate various basic points, that in\nearlier versions were mentioned in sort of an appendix on Version 8 regular expressions.\n\n•   Note that it is common to have the \"/x\" modifier and forget that this means that \"#\" has\nto be escaped.\n\nperlretut\n\n•   Add introductory material.\n\n•   Note that a metacharacter occurring in a context where it can't mean that, silently loses\nits meta-ness and matches literally.  \"use re 'strict'\" can catch some of these.\n\nperlunicode\n\n•   Corrected the text about Unicode BYTE ORDER MARK handling.\n\n•   Updated the text to correspond with changes in Unicode UTS#18, concerning regular\nexpressions, and Perl compatibility with what it says.\n\nperlvar\n\n•   Document @ISA.  It was documented in other places, but not in perlvar.\n\n### Diagnostics\n\n#### New Diagnostics\n\nNew Errors\n\n•   A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'\n\n•   Bareword in require contains \"%s\"\n\n•   Bareword in require maps to empty filename\n\n•   Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename \"%s\"\n\n•   Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: \"%s\"\n\n•   %s: command not found\n\n(A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another shell instead of Perl.\nCheck the \"#!\" line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.  The \"#!\" line at\nthe top of your file could look like:\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\n\n•   %s: command not found: %s\n\n(A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another shell instead of Perl.\nCheck the \"#!\" line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.  The \"#!\" line at\nthe top of your file could look like:\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\n\n•   The experimental declaredrefs feature is not enabled\n\n(F) To declare references to variables, as in \"my \\%x\", you must first enable the\nfeature:\n\nno warnings \"experimental::declaredrefs\";\nuse feature \"declaredrefs\";\n\nSee \"Declaring a reference to a variable\".\n\n•   Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature\n\n•   Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter\n\n•   Infinite recursion via empty pattern.\n\nUsing the empty pattern (which re-executes the last successfully-matched pattern) inside\na code block in another regex, as in \"/(?{ s!!new! })/\", has always previously yielded a\nsegfault.  It now produces this error.\n\n•   Malformed UTF-8 string in \"%s\"\n\n•   Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed\n\n•   '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature\n\n•   panic: unknown OA*: %x\n\n•   Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here\n\nUnescaped left braces are now illegal in some contexts in regular expression patterns.\nIn other contexts, they are still just deprecated; they will be illegal in Perl 5.30.\n\n•   Version control conflict marker\n\n(F) The parser found a line starting with \"<<<<<<<\", \">>>>>>>\", or \"=======\".  These may\nbe left by a version control system to mark conflicts after a failed merge operation.\n\nNew Warnings\n\n•   Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming \"BASEOP\"\n\n•   Declaring references is experimental\n\n(S experimental::declaredrefs) This warning is emitted if you use a reference\nconstructor on the right-hand side of \"my()\", \"state()\", \"our()\", or \"local()\".  Simply\nsuppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are\ntaking the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a\nfuture Perl version:\n\nno warnings \"experimental::declaredrefs\";\nuse feature \"declaredrefs\";\n$fooref = my \\$foo;\n\nSee \"Declaring a reference to a variable\".\n\n•   do \"%s\" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC\n\nSince \".\" is now removed from @INC by default, \"do\" will now trigger a warning\nrecommending to fix the \"do\" statement.\n\n•   \"File::Glob::glob()\" will disappear in perl 5.30. Use \"File::Glob::bsdglob()\" instead.\n\n•   Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/\n\n•   Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter will be a fatal\nerror starting in Perl 5.30\n\nSee \"Deprecations\"\n\n#### Changes to Existing Diagnostics\n\n•   When a \"require\" fails, we now do not provide @INC when the \"require\" is for a file\ninstead of a module.\n\n•   When @INC is not scanned for a \"require\" call, we no longer display @INC to avoid\nconfusion.\n\n•   Attribute \"locked\" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in this release.\n\n•   Attribute \"unique\" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in this release.\n\n•   Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been removed, as the deprecated functions have been removed from POSIX.\n\n•   Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are deprecated. This will\nnot be allowed in Perl 5.32\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will not be allowed text added in this release.\n\n•   Deprecated use of \"my()\" in false conditional. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   \"dump()\" better written as \"CORE::dump()\". \"dump()\" will no longer be available in Perl\n5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the no longer be available text added in this release.\n\n•   Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden\n\nThis message is now followed by more helpful text.  [GH #15291]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15291>\n\n•   Experimental \"%s\" subs not enabled\n\nThis warning was been removed, as lexical subs are no longer experimental.\n\n•   Having more than one /%c regexp modifier is deprecated\n\nThis deprecation warning has been removed, since \"/xx\" now has a new meaning.\n\n•   %s() is deprecated on \":utf8\" handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30 .\n\nwhere \"%s\" is one of \"sysread\", \"recv\", \"syswrite\", or \"send\".\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\nThis warning is now enabled by default, as all \"deprecated\" category warnings should be.\n\n•   $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Malformed UTF-8 character%s\n\nDetails as to the exact problem have been added at the end of this message\n\n•   Missing or undefined argument to %s\n\nThis warning used to warn about \"require\", even if it was actually \"do\" which being\nexecuted. It now gets the operation name right.\n\n•   NO-BREAK SPACE in a charnames alias definition is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been removed as the behavior is now an error.\n\n•   Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   panic: cksplit, type=%u\n\npanic: ppsplit, pm=%p, s=%p\n\nThese panic errors have been removed.\n\n•   Passing malformed UTF-8 to \"%s\" is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been changed to the fatal Malformed UTF-8 string in \"%s\"\n\n•   Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef. This\nwill be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   \"${^ENCODING}\" is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis warning used to be: \"Setting \"${^ENCODING}\" is deprecated\".\n\nThe special action of the variable \"${^ENCODING}\" was formerly used to implement the\n\"encoding\" pragma. As of Perl 5.26, rather than being deprecated, assigning to this\nvariable now has no effect except to issue the warning.\n\n•   Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed\nthrough in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/\n\nThis existing warning has had the here (and will be fatal...) text added in this release.\n\n•   Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of bare << to mean <<\"\" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s.  This will be fatal in\nPerl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of inherited \"AUTOLOAD\" for non-method %s() is deprecated. This will be fatal in Perl\n5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator is deprecated. This\nwill be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n#### Utility Changes\n\nc2ph and pstruct\n•   These old utilities have long since superceded by h2xs, and are now gone from the\ndistribution.\n\nPorting/podlib.pl\n•   Removed spurious executable bit.\n\n•   Account for the possibility of DOS file endings.\n\nPorting/sync-with-cpan\n•   Many improvements.\n\nperf/benchmarks\n•   Tidy file, rename some symbols.\n\nPorting/checkAUTHORS.pl\n•   Replace obscure character range with \"\\w\".\n\nt/porting/regen.t\n•   Try to be more helpful when tests fail.\n\nutils/h2xs.PL\n•   Avoid infinite loop for enums.\n\n#### perlbug\n\n•   Long lines in the message body are now wrapped at 900 characters, to stay well within the\n1000-character limit imposed by SMTP mail transfer agents.  This is particularly likely\nto be important for the list of arguments to Configure, which can readily exceed the\nlimit if, for example, it names several non-default installation paths.  This change also\nadds the first unit tests for perlbug.  [perl #128020]\n<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128020>\n\n#### Configuration and Compilation\n\n•   \"-Ddefaultincexcludesdot\" has added, and enabled by default.\n\n•   The \"dtrace\" build process has further changes [GH #15718]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15718>:\n\n•   If the \"-xnolibs\" is available, use that so a dtrace perl can be built within a\nFreeBSD jail.\n\n•   On systems that build a dtrace object file (FreeBSD, Solaris, and SystemTap's dtrace\nemulation), copy the input objects to a separate directory and process them there,\nand use those objects in the link, since \"dtrace -G\" also modifies these objects.\n\n•   Add libelf to the build on FreeBSD 10.x, since dtrace adds references to libelf\nsymbols.\n\n•   Generate a dummy dtracemain.o if \"dtrace -G\" fails to build it.  A default build on\nSolaris generates probes from the unused inline functions, while they don't on\nFreeBSD, which causes \"dtrace -G\" to fail.\n\n•   You can now disable perl's use of the \"PERLHASHSEED\" and \"PERLPERTURBKEYS\"\nenvironment variables by configuring perl with \"-Accflags=NOPERLHASHENV\".\n\n•   You can now disable perl's use of the \"PERLHASHSEEDDEBUG\" environment variable by\nconfiguring perl with \"-Accflags=-DNOPERLHASHSEEDDEBUG\".\n\n•   Configure now zeroes out the alignment bytes when calculating the bytes for 80-bit \"NaN\"\nand \"Inf\" to make builds more reproducible.  [GH #15725]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15725>\n\n•   Since v5.18, for testing purposes we have included support for building perl with a\nvariety of non-standard, and non-recommended hash functions.  Since we do not recommend\nthe use of these functions, we have removed them and their corresponding build options.\nSpecifically this includes the following build options:\n\nPERLHASHFUNCSDBM\nPERLHASHFUNCDJB2\nPERLHASHFUNCSUPERFAST\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMUR3\nPERLHASHFUNCONEATATIME\nPERLHASHFUNCONEATATIMEOLD\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMURHASH64A\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMURHASH64B\n\n•   Remove \"Warning: perl appears in your path\"\n\nThis install warning is more or less obsolete, since most platforms already will have a\n/usr/bin/perl or similar provided by the OS.\n\n•   Reduce verbosity of \"make install.man\"\n\nPreviously, two progress messages were emitted for each manpage: one by installman\nitself, and one by the function in installlib.pl that it calls to actually install the\nfile.  Disabling the second of those in each case saves over 750 lines of unhelpful\noutput.\n\n•   Cleanup for \"clang -Weverything\" support.  [GH #15683]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15683>\n\n•   Configure: signbit scan was assuming too much, stop assuming negative 0.\n\n•   Various compiler warnings have been silenced.\n\n•   Several smaller changes have been made to remove impediments to compiling under C++11.\n\n•   Builds using \"USEPADRESET\" now work again; this configuration had bit-rotted.\n\n•   A probe for \"gaistrerror\" was added to Configure that checks if the \"gaistrerror()\"\nroutine is available and can be used to translate error codes returned by \"getaddrinfo()\"\ninto human readable strings.\n\n•   Configure now aborts if both \"-Duselongdouble\" and \"-Dusequadmath\" are requested.  [GH\n#14944] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14944>\n\n•   Fixed a bug in which Configure could append \"-quadmath\" to the archname even if it was\nalready present.  [GH #15423] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15423>\n\n•   Clang builds with \"-DPERLGLOBALSTRUCT\" or \"-DPERLGLOBALSTRUCTPRIVATE\" have been\nfixed (by disabling Thread Safety Analysis for these configurations).\n\n•   makeext.pl no longer updates a module's pmtoblib file when no files require updates.\nThis could cause dependencies, perlmain.c in particular, to be rebuilt unnecessarily.\n[GH #15060] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15060>\n\n•   The output of \"perl -V\" has been reformatted so that each configuration and compile-time\noption is now listed one per line, to improve readability.\n\n•   Configure now builds \"miniperl\" and \"generateuudmap\" if you invoke it with\n\"-Dusecrosscompiler\" but not \"-Dtargethost=somehost\".  This means you can supply your\ntarget platform \"config.sh\", generate the headers and proceed to build your cross-target\nperl.  [GH #15126] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15126>\n\n•   Perl built with \"-Accflags=-DPERLTRACEOPS\" now only dumps the operator counts when the\nenvironment variable \"PERLTRACEOPS\" is set to a non-zero integer.  This allows \"make\ntest\" to pass on such a build.\n\n•   When building with GCC 6 and link-time optimization (the \"-flto\" option to \"gcc\"),\nConfigure was treating all probed symbols as present on the system, regardless of whether\nthey actually exist.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15322]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15322>\n\n•   The t/test.pl library is used for internal testing of Perl itself, and also copied by\nseveral CPAN modules.  Some of those modules must work on older versions of Perl, so\nt/test.pl must in turn avoid newer Perl features.  Compatibility with Perl 5.8 was\ninadvertently removed some time ago; it has now been restored.  [GH #15302]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15302>\n\n•   The build process no longer emits an extra blank line before building each \"simple\"\nextension (those with only *.pm and *.pod files).\n\n### Testing\n\nTests were added and changed to reflect the other additions and changes in this release.\nFurthermore, these substantive changes were made:\n\n•   A new test script, comp/parserrun.t, has been added that is like comp/parser.t but with\ntest.pl included so that \"runperl()\" and the like are available for use.\n\n•   Tests for locales were erroneously using locales incompatible with Perl.\n\n•   Some parts of the test suite that try to exhaustively test edge cases in the regex\nimplementation have been restricted to running for a maximum of five minutes.  On slow\nsystems they could otherwise take several hours, without significantly improving our\nunderstanding of the correctness of the code under test.\n\n•   A new internal facility allows analysing the time taken by the individual tests in Perl's\nown test suite; see Porting/harness-timer-report.pl.\n\n•   t/re/regexpnonull.t has been added to test that the regular expression engine can handle\nscalars that do not have a null byte just past the end of the string.\n\n•   A new test script, t/op/decl-refs.t, has been added to test the new feature \"Declaring a\nreference to a variable\".\n\n•   A new test script, t/re/keeptabs.t has been added to contain tests where \"\\t\" characters\nshould not be expanded into spaces.\n\n•   A new test script, t/re/anyof.t, has been added to test that the ANYOF nodes generated by\nbracketed character classes are as expected.\n\n•   There is now more extensive testing of the Unicode-related API macros and functions.\n\n•   Several of the longer running API test files have been split into multiple test files so\nthat they can be run in parallel.\n\n•   t/harness now tries really hard not to run tests which are located outside of the Perl\nsource tree.  [GH #14578] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14578>\n\n•   Prevent debugger tests (lib/perl5db.t) from failing due to the contents of\n$ENV{PERLDBOPTS}.  [GH #15782] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15782>\n\n#### Platform Support\n\n#### New Platforms\n\nNetBSD/VAX\nPerl now compiles under NetBSD on VAX machines.  However, it's not possible for that\nplatform to implement floating-point infinities and NaNs compatible with most modern\nsystems, which implement the IEEE-754 floating point standard.  The hexadecimal floating\npoint (\"0x...p[+-]n\" literals, \"printf %a\") is not implemented, either.  The \"make test\"\npasses 98% of tests.\n\n•   Test fixes and minor updates.\n\n•   Account for lack of \"inf\", \"nan\", and \"-0.0\" support.\n\n#### Platform-Specific Notes\n\nDarwin\n•   Don't treat \"-Dprefix=/usr\" as special: instead require an extra option\n\"-Ddarwindistribution\" to produce the same results.\n\n•   OS X El Capitan doesn't implement the \"clockgettime()\" or \"clockgetres()\" APIs;\nemulate them as necessary.\n\n•   Deprecated syscall(2) on macOS 10.12.\n\nEBCDIC\nSeveral tests have been updated to work (or be skipped) on EBCDIC platforms.\n\nHP-UX\nThe Net::Ping UDP test is now skipped on HP-UX.\n\nHurd\nThe hints for Hurd have been improved, enabling malloc wrap and reporting the GNU libc\nused (previously it was an empty string when reported).\n\nVAX VAX floating point formats are now supported on NetBSD.\n\nVMS\n•   The path separator for the \"PERL5LIB\" and \"PERLLIB\" environment entries is now a\ncolon (\":\") when running under a Unix shell.  There is no change when running under\nDCL (it's still \"|\").\n\n•   configure.com now recognizes the VSI-branded C compiler and no longer recognizes the\n\"DEC\"-branded C compiler (as there hasn't been such a thing for 15 or more years).\n\nWindows\n•   Support for compiling perl on Windows using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 (containing\nVisual C++ 14.0) has been added.\n\nThis version of VC++ includes a completely rewritten C run-time library, some of the\nchanges in which mean that work done to resolve a socket \"close()\" bug in perl\n#120091 and perl #118059 is not workable in its current state with this version of\nVC++.  Therefore, we have effectively reverted that bug fix for VS2015 onwards on the\nbasis that being able to build with VS2015 onwards is more important than keeping the\nbug fix.  We may revisit this in the future to attempt to fix the bug again in a way\nthat is compatible with VS2015.\n\nThese changes do not affect compilation with GCC or with Visual Studio versions up to\nand including VS2013, i.e., the bug fix is retained (unchanged) for those compilers.\n\nNote that you may experience compatibility problems if you mix a perl built with GCC\nor VS <= VS2013 with XS modules built with VS2015, or if you mix a perl built with\nVS2015 with XS modules built with GCC or VS <= VS2013.  Some incompatibility may\narise because of the bug fix that has been reverted for VS2015 builds of perl, but\nthere may well be incompatibility anyway because of the rewritten CRT in VS2015\n(e.g., see discussion at <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30412951>).\n\n•   It now automatically detects GCC versus Visual C and sets the VC version number on\nWin32.\n\nLinux\nDrop support for Linux a.out executable format. Linux has used ELF for over twenty years.\n\nOpenBSD 6\nOpenBSD 6 still does not support returning \"pid\", \"gid\", or \"uid\" with \"SASIGINFO\".\nMake sure to account for it.\n\nFreeBSD\nt/uni/overload.t: Skip hanging test on FreeBSD.\n\nDragonFly BSD\nDragonFly BSD now has support for \"setproctitle()\".  [GH #15703]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15703>.\n\n#### Internal Changes\n\n•   A new API function \"svsetpvbufsize()\" allows simultaneously setting the length and the\nallocated size of the buffer in an \"SV\", growing the buffer if necessary.\n\n•   A new API macro \"SvPVCLEAR()\" sets its \"SV\" argument to an empty string, like Perl-space\n\"$x = ''\", but with several optimisations.\n\n•   Several new macros and functions for dealing with Unicode and UTF-8-encoded strings have\nbeen added to the API, as well as some changes in the functionality of existing functions\n(see \"Unicode Support\" in perlapi for more details):\n\n•   New versions of the API macros like \"isALPHAutf8\" and \"toLOWERutf8\" have been\nadded, each with the suffix \"safe\", like \"isSPACEutf8safe\".  These take an extra\nparameter, giving an upper limit of how far into the string it is safe to read.\nUsing the old versions could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the input\nbuffer if the UTF-8 is not well-formed, and their use now raises a deprecation\nwarning.  Details are at \"Character classification\" in perlapi.\n\n•   Macros like \"isALPHAutf8\" and \"toLOWERutf8\" now die if they detect that their input\nUTF-8 is malformed.  A deprecation warning had been issued since Perl 5.18.\n\n•   Several new macros for analysing the validity of utf8 sequences. These are:\n\n\"UTF8GOTABOVE31BIT\" \"UTF8GOTCONTINUATION\" \"UTF8GOTEMPTY\" \"UTF8GOTLONG\"\n\"UTF8GOTNONCHAR\" \"UTF8GOTNONCONTINUATION\" \"UTF8GOTOVERFLOW\" \"UTF8GOTSHORT\"\n\"UTF8GOTSUPER\" \"UTF8GOTSURROGATE\" \"UTF8ISINVARIANT\" \"UTF8ISNONCHAR\"\n\"UTF8ISSUPER\" \"UTF8ISSURROGATE\" \"UVCHRISINVARIANT\" \"isUTF8CHARflags\"\n\"isSTRICTUTF8CHAR\" \"isC9STRICTUTF8CHAR\"\n\n•   Functions that are all extensions of the \"isutf8string*()\" functions, that apply\nvarious restrictions to the UTF-8 recognized as valid:\n\n\"isstrictutf8string\", \"isstrictutf8stringloc\", \"isstrictutf8stringloclen\",\n\n\"isc9strictutf8string\", \"isc9strictutf8stringloc\",\n\"isc9strictutf8stringloclen\",\n\n\"isutf8stringflags\", \"isutf8stringlocflags\", \"isutf8stringloclenflags\",\n\n\"isutf8fixedwidthbufflags\", \"isutf8fixedwidthbuflocflags\",\n\"isutf8fixedwidthbufloclenflags\".\n\n\"isutf8invariantstring\".  \"isutf8validpartialchar\".\n\"isutf8validpartialcharflags\".\n\n•   The functions \"utf8ntouvchr\" and its derivatives have had several changes of\nbehaviour.\n\nCalling them, while passing a string length of 0 is now asserted against in DEBUGGING\nbuilds, and otherwise, returns the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.   If you have\nnothing to decode, you shouldn't call the decode function.\n\nThey now return the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER if called with UTF-8 that has the\noverlong malformation and that malformation is allowed by the input parameters.  This\nmalformation is where the UTF-8 looks valid syntactically, but there is a shorter\nsequence that yields the same code point.  This has been forbidden since Unicode\nversion 3.1.\n\nThey now accept an input flag to allow the overflow malformation.  This malformation\nis when the UTF-8 may be syntactically valid, but the code point it represents is not\ncapable of being represented in the word length on the platform.  What \"allowed\"\nmeans, in this case, is that the function doesn't return an error, and it advances\nthe parse pointer to beyond the UTF-8 in question, but it returns the Unicode\nREPLACEMENT CHARACTER as the value of the code point (since the real value is not\nrepresentable).\n\nThey no longer abandon searching for other malformations when the first one is\nencountered.  A call to one of these functions thus can generate multiple\ndiagnostics, instead of just one.\n\n•   \"validutf8touvchr()\" has been added to the API (although it was present in core\nearlier). Like \"utf8touvchrbuf()\", but assumes that the next character is well-\nformed.  Use with caution.\n\n•   A new function, \"utf8ntouvchrerror\", has been added for use by modules that need\nto know the details of UTF-8 malformations beyond pass/fail.  Previously, the only\nways to know why a sequence was ill-formed was to capture and parse the generated\ndiagnostics or to do your own analysis.\n\n•   There is now a safer version of utf8hop(), called \"utf8hopsafe()\".  Unlike\nutf8hop(), utf8hopsafe() won't navigate before the beginning or after the end of\nthe supplied buffer.\n\n•   Two new functions, \"utf8hopforward()\" and \"utf8hopback()\" are similar to\n\"utf8hopsafe()\" but are for when you know which direction you wish to travel.\n\n•   Two new macros which return useful utf8 byte sequences:\n\n\"BOMUTF8\"\n\n\"REPLACEMENTCHARACTERUTF8\"\n\n•   Perl is now built with the \"PERLOPPARENT\" compiler define enabled by default.  To\ndisable it, use the \"PERLNOOPPARENT\" compiler define.  This flag alters how the\n\"opsibling\" field is used in \"OP\" structures, and has been available optionally since\nperl 5.22.\n\nSee \"Internal Changes\" in perl5220delta for more details of what this build option does.\n\n•   Three new ops, \"OPARGELEM\", \"OPARGDEFELEM\", and \"OPARGCHECK\" have been added.  These\nare intended principally to implement the individual elements of a subroutine signature,\nplus any overall checking required.\n\n•   The \"OPPUSHRE\" op has been eliminated and the \"OPSPLIT\" op has been changed from class\n\"LISTOP\" to \"PMOP\".\n\nFormerly the first child of a split would be a \"pushre\", which would have the \"split\"'s\nregex attached to it. Now the regex is attached directly to the \"split\" op, and the\n\"pushre\" has been eliminated.\n\n•   The \"opclass()\" API function has been added.  This is like the existing \"OPCLASS()\"\nmacro, but can more accurately determine what struct an op has been allocated as.  For\nexample \"OPCLASS()\" might return \"OABASEOPORUNOP\" indicating that ops of this type\nare usually allocated as an \"OP\" or \"UNOP\"; while \"opclass()\" will return\n\"OPclassBASEOP\" or \"OPclassUNOP\" as appropriate.\n\n•   All parts of the internals now agree that the \"sassign\" op is a \"BINOP\"; previously it\nwas listed as a \"BASEOP\" in regen/opcodes, which meant that several parts of the\ninternals had to be special-cased to accommodate it.  This oddity's original motivation\nwas to handle code like \"$x ||= 1\"; that is now handled in a simpler way.\n\n•   The output format of the \"opdump()\" function (as used by \"perl -Dx\") has changed: it now\ndisplays an \"ASCII-art\" tree structure, and shows more low-level details about each op,\nsuch as its address and class.\n\n•   The \"PADOFFSET\" type has changed from being unsigned to signed, and several pad-related\nvariables such as \"PLpadix\" have changed from being of type \"I32\" to type \"PADOFFSET\".\n\n•   The \"DEBUGGING\"-mode output for regex compilation and execution has been enhanced.\n\n•   Several obscure SV flags have been eliminated, sometimes along with the macros which\nmanipulate them: \"SVpbmVALID\", \"SVpbmTAIL\", \"SvTAILon\", \"SvTAILoff\", \"SVreplEVAL\",\n\"SvEVALED\".\n\n•   An OP \"opprivate\" flag has been eliminated: \"OPpRUNTIME\". This used to often get set on\n\"PMOP\" ops, but had become meaningless over time.\n\n#### Selected Bug Fixes\n\n•   Perl no longer panics when switching into some locales on machines with buggy \"strxfrm()\"\nimplementations in their libc.  [GH #13768] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/13768>\n\n•   \" $-{$name} \" would leak an \"AV\" on each access if the regular expression had no named\ncaptures.  The same applies to access to any hash tied with Tie::Hash::NamedCapture and\n\"all => 1\".  [GH #15882] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15882>\n\n•   Attempting to use the deprecated variable $# as the object in an indirect object method\ncall could cause a heap use after free or buffer overflow.  [GH #15599]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15599>\n\n•   When checking for an indirect object method call, in some rare cases the parser could\nreallocate the line buffer but then continue to use pointers to the old buffer.  [GH\n#15585] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15585>\n\n•   Supplying a glob as the format argument to \"formline\" would cause an assertion failure.\n[GH #15862] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15862>\n\n•   Code like \" $value1 =~ qr/.../ ~~ $value2 \" would have the match converted into a \"qr//\"\noperator, leaving extra elements on the stack to confuse any surrounding expression.  [GH\n#15859] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15859>\n\n•   Since v5.24 in some obscure cases, a regex which included code blocks from multiple\nsources (e.g., via embedded via \"qr//\" objects) could end up with the wrong current pad\nand crash or give weird results.  [GH #15657]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15657>\n\n•   Occasionally \"local()\"s in a code block within a patterns weren't being undone when the\npattern matching backtracked over the code block.  [GH #15056]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15056>\n\n•   Using \"substr()\" to modify a magic variable could access freed memory in some cases.  [GH\n#15871] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15871>\n\n•   Under \"use utf8\", the entire source code is now checked for being UTF-8 well formed, not\njust quoted strings as before.  [GH #14973] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14973>.\n\n•   The range operator \"..\" on strings now handles its arguments correctly when in the scope\nof the \"unicodestrings\" feature.  The previous behaviour was sufficiently unexpected\nthat we believe no correct program could have made use of it.\n\n•   The \"split\" operator did not ensure enough space was allocated for its return value in\nscalar context.  It could then write a single pointer immediately beyond the end of the\nmemory block allocated for the stack.  [GH #15749]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15749>\n\n•   Using a large code point with the \"W\" pack template character with the current output\nposition aligned at just the right point could cause a write of a single zero byte\nimmediately beyond the end of an allocated buffer.  [GH #15572]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15572>\n\n•   Supplying a format's picture argument as part of the format argument list where the\npicture specifies modifying the argument could cause an access to the new freed compiled\nformat.  [GH #15566] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15566>\n\n•   The sort() operator's built-in numeric comparison function didn't handle large integers\nthat weren't exactly representable by a double.  This now uses the same code used to\nimplement the \"<=>\" operator.  [GH #15768] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15768>\n\n•   Fix issues with \"/(?{ ... <<EOF })/\" that broke Method::Signatures.  [GH #15779]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15779>\n\n•   Fixed an assertion failure with \"chop\" and \"chomp\", which could be triggered by \"chop(@x\n=~ tr/1/1/)\".  [GH #15738] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15738>.\n\n•   Fixed a comment skipping error in patterns under \"/x\"; it could stop skipping a byte\nearly, which could be in the middle of a UTF-8 character.  [GH #15790]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15790>.\n\n•   perldb now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems.  [GH #12244]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/12244>;\n\n•   Fix assertion failure for \"{}->$x\" when $x isn't defined.  [GH #15791]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15791>.\n\n•   Fix an assertion error which could be triggered when a lookahead string in patterns\nexceeded a minimum length.  [GH #15796] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15796>.\n\n•   Only warn once per literal number about a misplaced \"\".  [GH #9989]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/9989>.\n\n•   The \"tr///\" parse code could be looking at uninitialized data after a perse error.  [GH\n#15624] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15624>.\n\n•   In a pattern match, a back-reference (\"\\1\") to an unmatched capture could read back\nbeyond the start of the string being matched.  [GH #15634]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15634>.\n\n•   \"use re 'strict'\" is supposed to warn if you use a range (such as \"/(?[ [ X-Y ] ])/\")\nwhose start and end digit aren't from the same group of 10.  It didn't do that for five\ngroups of mathematical digits starting at \"U+1D7E\".\n\n•   A sub containing a \"forward\" declaration with the same name (e.g., \"sub c { sub c; }\")\ncould sometimes crash or loop infinitely.  [GH #15557]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15557>\n\n•   A crash in executing a regex with a non-anchored UTF-8 substring against a target string\nthat also used UTF-8 has been fixed.  [GH #15628]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15628>\n\n•   Previously, a shebang line like \"#!perl -i u\" could be erroneously interpreted as\nrequesting the \"-u\" option.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15623]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15623>\n\n•   The regex engine was previously producing incorrect results in some rare situations when\nbacktracking past an alternation that matches only one thing; this showed up as capture\nbuffers ($1, $2, etc.) erroneously containing data from regex execution paths that\nweren't actually executed for the final match.  [GH #15666]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15666>\n\n•   Certain regexes making use of the experimental \"regexsets\" feature could trigger an\nassertion failure.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15620]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15620>\n\n•   Invalid assignments to a reference constructor (e.g., \"\\eval=time\") could sometimes crash\nin addition to giving a syntax error.  [GH #14815]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14815>\n\n•   The parser could sometimes crash if a bareword came after \"evalbytes\".  [GH #15586]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15586>\n\n•   Autoloading via a method call would warn erroneously (\"Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-\nmethod\") if there was a stub present in the package into which the invocant had been\nblessed.  The warning is no longer emitted in such circumstances.  [GH #9094]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/9094>\n\n•   The use of \"splice\" on arrays with non-existent elements could cause other operators to\ncrash.  [GH #15577] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15577>\n\n•   A possible buffer overrun when a pattern contains a fixed utf8 substring.  [GH #15534]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15534>\n\n•   Fixed two possible use-after-free bugs in perl's lexer.  [GH #15549]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15549>\n\n•   Fixed a crash with \"s///l\" where it thought it was dealing with UTF-8 when it wasn't.\n[GH #15543] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15543>\n\n•   Fixed a place where the regex parser was not setting the syntax error correctly on a\nsyntactically incorrect pattern.  [GH #15565]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15565>\n\n•   The \"&.\" operator (and the \"&\" operator, when it treats its arguments as strings) were\nfailing to append a trailing null byte if at least one string was marked as utf8\ninternally.  Many code paths (system calls, regexp compilation) still expect there to be\na null byte in the string buffer just past the end of the logical string.  An assertion\nfailure was the result.  [GH #15606] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15606>\n\n•   Avoid a heap-after-use error in the parser when creating an error messge for a\nsyntactically invalid heredoc.  [GH #15527] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15527>\n\n•   Fix a segfault when run with \"-DC\" options on DEBUGGING builds.  [GH #15563]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15563>\n\n•   Fixed the parser error handling in subroutine attributes for an '\":attr(foo\"' that does\nnot have an ending '\")\"'.\n\n•   Fix the perl lexer to correctly handle a backslash as the last char in quoted-string\ncontext. This actually fixed two bugs, [GH #15546]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15546> and [GH #15582]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15582>.\n\n•   In the API function \"gvfetchmethodpvnflags\", rework separator parsing to prevent\npossible string overrun with an invalid \"len\" argument.  [GH #15598]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15598>\n\n•   Problems with in-place array sorts: code like \"@a = sort { ... } @a\", where the source\nand destination of the sort are the same plain array, are optimised to do less copying\naround.  Two side-effects of this optimisation were that the contents of @a as seen by\nsort routines were partially sorted; and under some circumstances accessing @a during the\nsort could crash the interpreter.  Both these issues have been fixed, and Sort functions\nsee the original value of @a.  [GH #15387] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15387>\n\n•   Non-ASCII string delimiters are now reported correctly in error messages for unterminated\nstrings.  [GH #15469] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15469>\n\n•   \"pack(\"p\", ...)\" used to emit its warning (\"Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value\")\nerroneously in some cases, but has been fixed.\n\n•   @DB::args is now exempt from \"used once\" warnings.  The warnings only occurred under -w,\nbecause warnings.pm itself uses @DB::args multiple times.\n\n•   The use of built-in arrays or hash slices in a double-quoted string no longer issues a\nwarning (\"Possible unintended interpolation...\") if the variable has not been mentioned\nbefore.  This affected code like \"qq|@DB::args|\" and \"qq|@SIG{'CHLD', 'HUP'}|\".  (The\nspecial variables \"@-\" and \"@+\" were already exempt from the warning.)\n\n•   \"gethostent\" and similar functions now perform a null check internally, to avoid crashing\nwith the torsocks library.  This was a regression from v5.22.  [GH #15478]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15478>\n\n•   \"defined *{'!'}\", \"defined *{'['}\", and \"defined *{'-'}\" no longer leak memory if the\ntypeglob in question has never been accessed before.\n\n•   Mentioning the same constant twice in a row (which is a syntax error) no longer fails an\nassertion under debugging builds.  This was a regression from v5.20.  [GH #15017]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15017>\n\n•   Many issues relating to \"printf \"%a\"\" of hexadecimal floating point were fixed.  In\naddition, the \"subnormals\" (formerly known as \"denormals\") floating point numbers are now\nsupported both with the plain IEEE 754 floating point numbers (64-bit or 128-bit) and the\nx86 80-bit \"extended precision\".  Note that subnormal hexadecimal floating point literals\nwill give a warning about \"exponent underflow\".  [GH #15495]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15495> [GH #15503]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15503> [GH #15504]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15504> [GH #15505]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15505> [GH #15510]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15510> [GH #15512]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15512>\n\n•   A regression in v5.24 with \"tr/\\N{U+...}/foo/\" when the code point was between 128 and\n255 has been fixed.  [GH #15475] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15475>.\n\n•   Use of a string delimiter whose code point is above 231 now works correctly on\nplatforms that allow this.  Previously, certain characters, due to truncation, would be\nconfused with other delimiter characters with special meaning (such as \"?\" in \"m?...?\"),\nresulting in inconsistent behaviour.  Note that this is non-portable, and is based on\nPerl's extension to UTF-8, and is probably not displayable nor enterable by any editor.\n[GH #15477] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15477>\n\n•   \"@{x\" followed by a newline where \"x\" represents a control or non-ASCII character no\nlonger produces a garbled syntax error message or a crash.  [GH #15518]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15518>\n\n•   An assertion failure with \"%: = 0\" has been fixed.  [GH #15358]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15358>\n\n•   In Perl 5.18, the parsing of \"$foo::$bar\" was accidentally changed, such that it would be\ntreated as \"$foo.\"::\".$bar\".  The previous behavior, which was to parse it as \"$foo:: .\n$bar\", has been restored.  [GH #15408] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15408>\n\n•   Since Perl 5.20, line numbers have been off by one when perl is invoked with the -x\nswitch.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15413] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15413>\n\n•   Vivifying a subroutine stub in a deleted stash (e.g., \"delete $My::{\"Foo::\"};\n\\&My::Foo::foo\") no longer crashes.  It had begun crashing in Perl 5.18.  [GH #15420]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15420>\n\n•   Some obscure cases of subroutines and file handles being freed at the same time could\nresult in crashes, but have been fixed.  The crash was introduced in Perl 5.22.  [GH\n#15435] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15435>\n\n•   Code that looks for a variable name associated with an uninitialized value could cause an\nassertion failure in cases where magic is involved, such as $ISA[0][0].  This has now\nbeen fixed.  [GH #15364] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15364>\n\n•   A crash caused by code generating the warning \"Subroutine STASH::NAME redefined\" in cases\nsuch as \"sub P::f{} undef *P::; *P::f =sub{};\" has been fixed.  In these cases, where the\nSTASH is missing, the warning will now appear as \"Subroutine NAME redefined\".  [GH\n#15368] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15368>\n\n•   Fixed an assertion triggered by some code that handles deprecated behavior in formats,\ne.g., in cases like this:\n\nformat STDOUT =\n@\n0\"$x\"\n\n[GH #15366] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15366>\n\n•   A possible divide by zero in string transformation code on Windows has been avoided,\nfixing a crash when collating an empty string.  [GH #15439]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15439>\n\n•   Some regular expression parsing glitches could lead to assertion failures with regular\nexpressions such as \"/(?<=/\" and \"/(?<!/\".  This has now been fixed.  [GH #15332]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15332>\n\n•   \" until ($x = 1) { ... } \" and \" ... until $x = 1 \" now properly warn when syntax\nwarnings are enabled.  [GH #15138] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15138>\n\n•   socket() now leaves the error code returned by the system in $! on failure.  [GH #15383]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15383>\n\n•   Assignment variants of any bitwise ops under the \"bitwise\" feature would crash if the\nleft-hand side was an array or hash.  [GH #15346]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15346>\n\n•   \"require\" followed by a single colon (as in \"foo() ? require : ...\" is now parsed\ncorrectly as \"require\" with implicit $, rather than \"require \"\"\".  [GH #15380]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15380>\n\n•   Scalar \"keys %hash\" can now be assigned to consistently in all scalar lvalue contexts.\nPreviously it worked for some contexts but not others.\n\n•   List assignment to \"vec\" or \"substr\" with an array or hash for its first argument used to\nresult in crashes or \"Can't coerce\" error messages at run time, unlike scalar assignment,\nwhich would give an error at compile time.  List assignment now gives a compile-time\nerror, too.  [GH #15370] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15370>\n\n•   Expressions containing an \"&&\" or \"||\" operator (or their synonyms \"and\" and \"or\") were\nbeing compiled incorrectly in some cases.  If the left-hand side consisted of either a\nnegated bareword constant or a negated \"do {}\" block containing a constant expression,\nand the right-hand side consisted of a negated non-foldable expression, one of the\nnegations was effectively ignored.  The same was true of \"if\" and \"unless\" statement\nmodifiers, though with the left-hand and right-hand sides swapped.  This long-standing\nbug has now been fixed.  [GH #15285] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15285>\n\n•   \"reset\" with an argument no longer crashes when encountering stash entries other than\nglobs.  [GH #15314] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15314>\n\n•   Assignment of hashes to, and deletion of, typeglobs named *:::::: no longer causes\ncrashes.  [GH #15307] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15307>\n\n•   Perl wasn't correctly handling true/false values in the LHS of a list assign;\nspecifically the truth values returned by boolean operators.  This could trigger an\nassertion failure in something like the following:\n\nfor ($x > $y) {\n($, ...) = (...); # here $ is aliased to a truth value\n}\n\nThis was a regression from v5.24.  [GH #15690]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15690>\n\n•   Assertion failure with user-defined Unicode-like properties.  [GH #15696]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15696>\n\n•   Fix error message for unclosed \"\\N{\" in a regex.  An unclosed \"\\N{\" could give the wrong\nerror message: \"\\N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer\".\n\n•   List assignment in list context where the LHS contained aggregates and where there were\nnot enough RHS elements, used to skip scalar lvalues.  Previously, \"(($a,$b,@c,$d) =\n(1))\" in list context returned \"($a)\"; now it returns \"($a,$b,$d)\".  \"(($a,$b,$c) = (1))\"\nis unchanged: it still returns \"($a,$b,$c)\".  This can be seen in the following:\n\nsub inc { $++ for @ }\ninc(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (10))\n\nFormerly, the values of \"($a,$b,$d)\" would be left as \"(11,undef,undef)\"; now they are\n\"(11,1,1)\".\n\n•   Code like this: \"/(?{ s!!! })/\" could trigger infinite recursion on the C stack (not the\nnormal perl stack) when the last successful pattern in scope is itself.  We avoid the\nsegfault by simply forbidding the use of the empty pattern when it would resolve to the\ncurrently executing pattern.  [GH #15669] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15669>\n\n•   Avoid reading beyond the end of the line buffer in perl's lexer when there's a short\nUTF-8 character at the end.  [GH #15531] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15531>\n\n•   Alternations in regular expressions were sometimes failing to match a utf8 string against\na utf8 alternate.  [GH #15680] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15680>\n\n•   Make \"do \"a\\0b\"\" fail silently (and return \"undef\" and set $!)  instead of throwing an\nerror.  [GH #15676] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15676>\n\n•   \"chdir\" with no argument didn't ensure that there was stack space available for returning\nits result.  [GH #15569] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15569>\n\n•   All error messages related to \"do\" now refer to \"do\"; some formerly claimed to be from\n\"require\" instead.\n\n•   Executing \"undef $x\" where $x is tied or magical no longer incorrectly blames the\nvariable for an uninitialized-value warning encountered by the tied/magical code.\n\n•   Code like \"$x = $x . \"a\"\" was incorrectly failing to yield a use of uninitialized value\nwarning when $x was a lexical variable with an undefined value. That has now been fixed.\n[GH #15269] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15269>\n\n•   \"undef *; shift\" or \"undef *; pop\" inside a subroutine, with no argument to \"shift\" or\n\"pop\", began crashing in Perl 5.14, but has now been fixed.\n\n•   \"string$scalar->$*\" now correctly prefers concatenation overloading to string overloading\nif \"$scalar->$*\" returns an overloaded object, bringing it into consistency with\n$$scalar.\n\n•   \"/@0{0*->@*/*0\" and similar contortions used to crash, but no longer do, but merely\nproduce a syntax error.  [GH #15333] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15333>\n\n•   \"do\" or \"require\" with an argument which is a reference or typeglob which, when\nstringified, contains a null character, started crashing in Perl 5.20, but has now been\nfixed.  [GH #15337] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15337>\n\n•   Improve the error message for a missing \"tie()\" package/method. This brings the error\nmessages in line with the ones used for normal method calls.\n\n•   Parsing bad POSIX charclasses no longer leaks memory.  [GH #15382]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15382>\n\n#### Known Problems\n\n•   G++ 6 handles subnormal (denormal) floating point values differently than gcc 6 or g++ 5\nresulting in \"flush-to-zero\". The end result is that if you specify very small values\nusing the hexadecimal floating point format, like \"0x1.fffffffffffffp-1022\", they become\nzeros.  [GH #15990] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15990>\n\n#### Errata From Previous Releases\n\n•   Fixed issues with recursive regexes.  The behavior was fixed in Perl 5.24.  [GH #14935]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14935>\n\n### Obituary\n\nJon Portnoy (AVENJ), a prolific Perl author and admired Gentoo community member, has passed\naway on August 10, 2016.  He will be remembered and missed by all those who he came in\ncontact with, and enriched with his intellect, wit, and spirit.\n\nIt is with great sadness that we also note Kip Hampton's passing.  Probably best known as the\nauthor of the Perl & XML column on XML.com, he was a core contributor to AxKit, an XML server\nplatform that became an Apache Foundation project.  He was a frequent speaker in the early\ndays at OSCON, and most recently at YAPC::NA in Madison.  He was frequently on irc.perl.org\nas ubu, generally in the #axkit-dahut community, the group responsible for YAPC::NA Asheville\nin 2011.\n\nKip and his constant contributions to the community will be greatly missed.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nPerl 5.26.0 represents approximately 13 months of development since Perl 5.24.0 and contains\napproximately 360,000 lines of changes across 2,600 files from 86 authors.\n\nExcluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were approximately\n230,000 lines of changes to 1,800 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.\n\nPerl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and\ndevelopers.  The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became\nPerl 5.26.0:\n\nAaron Crane, Abigail, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Alex Vandiver, Andreas König, Andreas Voegele,\nAndrew Fresh, Andy Lester, Aristotle Pagaltzis, Chad Granum, Chase Whitener, Chris 'BinGOs'\nWilliams, Chris Lamb, Christian Hansen, Christian Millour, Colin Newell, Craig A. Berry,\nDagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, Dan Collins, Daniel Dragan, Dave Cross, Dave Rolsky, David Golden,\nDavid H.  Gutteridge, David Mitchell, Dominic Hargreaves, Doug Bell, E. Choroba, Ed Avis,\nFather Chrysostomos, François Perrad, Hauke D, H.Merijn Brand, Hugo van der Sanden, Ivan\nPozdeev, James E Keenan, James Raspass, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Jerry D. Hedden, Jim Cromie, J.\nNick Koston, John Lightsey, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Leon Timmermans, Lukas Mai,\nMatthew Horsfall, Maxwell Carey, Misty De Meo, Neil Bowers, Nicholas Clark, Nicolas R., Niko\nTyni, Pali, Paul Marquess, Peter Avalos, Petr Písař, Pino Toscano, Rafael Garcia-Suarez,\nReini Urban, Renee Baecker, Ricardo Signes, Richard Levitte, Rick Delaney, Salvador Fandiño,\nSamuel Thibault, Sawyer X, Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni, Sergey Aleynikov, Shlomi Fish,\nSmylers, Stefan Seifert, Steffen Müller, Stevan Little, Steve Hay, Steven Humphrey, Sullivan\nBeck, Theo Buehler, Thomas Sibley, Todd Rinaldo, Tomasz Konojacki, Tony Cook, Unicode\nConsortium, Yaroslav Kuzmin, Yves Orton, Zefram.\n\nThe list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version\ncontrol history.  In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated)\ncontributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.\n\nMany of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in\nPerl's core.  We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.\n\nFor a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS\nfile in the Perl source distribution.\n\n#### Reporting Bugs\n\nIf you find what you think is a bug, you might check the perl bug database at\n<https://rt.perl.org/>.  There may also be information at <http://www.perl.org/>, the Perl\nHome Page.\n\nIf you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your\nrelease.  Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case.  Your bug report,\nalong with the output of \"perl -V\", will be sent off to \"perlbug@perl.org\" to be analysed by\nthe Perl porting team.\n\nIf the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it inappropriate to send to\na publicly archived mailing list, then see \"SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION\" in\nperlsec for details of how to report the issue.\n\n#### Give Thanks\n\nIf you wish to thank the Perl 5 Porters for the work we had done in Perl 5, you can do so by\nrunning the \"perlthanks\" program:\n\nperlthanks\n\nThis will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of thanks.\n\n### SEE ALSO\n\nThe Changes file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on what changed.\n\nThe INSTALL file for how to build Perl.\n\nThe README file for general stuff.\n\nThe Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.\n\n\n\nperl v5.34.0                                 2025-07-25                             PERL5260DELTA(1)\n\n"
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        "summary": "perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0",
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            {
                "name": "NAME",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "DESCRIPTION",
                "lines": 2,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "Notice",
                "lines": 19,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Core Enhancements",
                        "lines": 1
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Indented Here-documents",
                        "lines": 30
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New regular expression modifier \"/xx\"",
                        "lines": 19
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Declaring a reference to a variable",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Unicode 9.0 is now supported",
                        "lines": 12
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that support it",
                        "lines": 6
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Better locale collation of strings containing embedded \"NUL\" characters",
                        "lines": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"CORE\" subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds",
                        "lines": 7
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Security",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC",
                        "lines": 150
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH",
                        "lines": 6
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New \"-Di\" switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output",
                        "lines": 15
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Incompatible Changes",
                        "lines": 1
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible",
                        "lines": 24
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"scalar(%hash)\" return signature changed",
                        "lines": 7
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine",
                        "lines": 10
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "The \"${^ENCODING}\" facility has been removed",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"POSIX::tmpnam()\" has been removed",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.",
                        "lines": 3
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"NBSP\" is no longer permissible in \"\\N{...}\"",
                        "lines": 3
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Deprecations",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated",
                        "lines": 14
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Performance Enhancements",
                        "lines": 57
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Modules and Pragmata",
                        "lines": 1
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Updated Modules and Pragmata",
                        "lines": 338
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Documentation",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "New Documentation",
                        "lines": 7
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Changes to Existing Documentation",
                        "lines": 103
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Diagnostics",
                "lines": 1,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "New Diagnostics",
                        "lines": 98
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Changes to Existing Diagnostics",
                        "lines": 149
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Utility Changes",
                        "lines": 24
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "perlbug",
                        "lines": 7
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Configuration and Compilation",
                        "lines": 109
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Testing",
                "lines": 39,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Platform Support",
                        "lines": 1
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New Platforms",
                        "lines": 11
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Platform-Specific Notes",
                        "lines": 68
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Internal Changes",
                        "lines": 136
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Selected Bug Fixes",
                        "lines": 379
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Known Problems",
                        "lines": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Errata From Previous Releases",
                        "lines": 3
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Obituary",
                "lines": 13,
                "subsections": []
            },
            {
                "name": "Acknowledgements",
                "lines": 36,
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Reporting Bugs",
                        "lines": 13
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Give Thanks",
                        "lines": 7
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "SEE ALSO",
                "lines": 11,
                "subsections": []
            }
        ],
        "sections": {
            "NAME": {
                "content": "perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "DESCRIPTION": {
                "content": "This document describes the differences between the 5.24.0 release and the 5.26.0 release.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "Notice": {
                "content": "This release includes three updates with widespread effects:\n\n•   \".\" no longer in @INC\n\nFor security reasons, the current directory (\".\") is no longer included by default at the\nend of the module search path (@INC). This may have widespread implications for the\nbuilding, testing and installing of modules, and for the execution of scripts.  See the\nsection \"Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC\" for the full details.\n\n•   \"do\" may now warn\n\n\"do\" now gives a deprecation warning when it fails to load a file which it would have\nloaded had \".\" been in @INC.\n\n•   In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace \"{\" should be escaped\n\nSee \"Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer\npermissible\".\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Core Enhancements",
                        "content": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental",
                        "content": "Using the \"lexicalsubs\" feature introduced in v5.18 no longer emits a warning.  Existing\ncode that disables the \"experimental::lexicalsubs\" warning category that the feature\npreviously used will continue to work.  The \"lexicalsubs\" feature has no effect; all Perl\ncode can use lexical subroutines, regardless of what feature declarations are in scope.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Indented Here-documents",
                        "content": "This adds a new modifier \"~\" to here-docs that tells the parser that it should look for\n\"/^\\s*$DELIM\\n/\" as the closing delimiter.\n\nThese syntaxes are all supported:\n\n<<~EOF;\n<<~\\EOF;\n<<~'EOF';\n<<~\"EOF\";\n<<~`EOF`;\n<<~ 'EOF';\n<<~ \"EOF\";\n<<~ `EOF`;\n\nThe \"~\" modifier will strip, from each line in the here-doc, the same whitespace that appears\nbefore the delimiter.\n\nNewlines will be copied as-is, and lines that don't include the proper beginning whitespace\nwill cause perl to croak.\n\nFor example:\n\nif (1) {\nprint <<~EOF;\nHello there\nEOF\n}\n\nprints \"Hello there\\n\" with no leading whitespace.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New regular expression modifier \"/xx\"",
                        "content": "Specifying two \"x\" characters to modify a regular expression pattern does everything that a\nsingle one does, but additionally TAB and SPACE characters within a bracketed character class\nare generally ignored and can be added to improve readability, like \"/[ ^ A-Z d-f p-x ]/xx\".\nDetails are at \"/x and /xx\" in perlre.\n\n\"@{^CAPTURE}\", \"%{^CAPTURE}\", and \"%{^CAPTUREALL}\"\n\"@{^CAPTURE}\" exposes the capture buffers of the last match as an array.  So $1 is\n\"${^CAPTURE}[0]\".  This is a more efficient equivalent to code like\n\"substr($matchedstring,$-[0],$+[0]-$-[0])\", and you don't have to keep track of the\n$matchedstring either.  This variable has no single character equivalent.  Note that, like\nthe other regex magic variables, the contents of this variable is dynamic; if you wish to\nstore it beyond the lifetime of the match you must copy it to another array.\n\n\"%{^CAPTURE}\" is equivalent to \"%+\" (i.e., named captures).  Other than being more self-\ndocumenting there is no difference between the two forms.\n\n\"%{^CAPTUREALL}\" is equivalent to \"%-\" (i.e., all named captures).  Other than being more\nself-documenting there is no difference between the two forms.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Declaring a reference to a variable",
                        "content": "As an experimental feature, Perl now allows the referencing operator to come after \"my()\",\n\"state()\", \"our()\", or \"local()\".  This syntax must be enabled with \"use feature\n'declaredrefs'\".  It is experimental, and will warn by default unless \"no warnings\n'experimental::refaliasing'\" is in effect.  It is intended mainly for use in assignments to\nreferences.  For example:\n\nuse experimental 'refaliasing', 'declaredrefs';\nmy \\$a = \\$b;\n\nSee \"Assigning to References\" in perlref for more details.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Unicode 9.0 is now supported",
                        "content": "A list of changes is at <http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/>.  Modules that are\nshipped with core Perl but not maintained by p5p do not necessarily support Unicode 9.0.\nUnicode::Normalize does work on 9.0.\n\nUse of \"\\p{script}\" uses the improved ScriptExtensions property\nUnicode 6.0 introduced an improved form of the Script (\"sc\") property, and called it\nScriptExtensions (\"scx\").  Perl now uses this improved version when a property is specified\nas just \"\\p{script}\".  This should make programs more accurate when determining if a\ncharacter is used in a given script, but there is a slight chance of breakage for programs\nthat very specifically needed the old behavior.  The meaning of compound forms, like\n\"\\p{sc=script}\" are unchanged.  See \"Scripts\" in perlunicode.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that support it",
                        "content": "Some platforms natively do a reasonable job of collating and sorting in UTF-8 locales.  Perl\nnow works with those.  For portability and full control, Unicode::Collate is still\nrecommended, but now you may not need to do anything special to get good-enough results,\ndepending on your application.  See \"Category \"LCCOLLATE\": Collation: Text Comparisons and\nSorting\" in perllocale.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Better locale collation of strings containing embedded \"NUL\" characters",
                        "content": "In locales that have multi-level character weights, \"NUL\"s are now ignored at the higher\npriority ones.  There are still some gotchas in some strings, though.  See \"Collation of\nstrings containing embedded \"NUL\" characters\" in perllocale.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"CORE\" subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference",
                        "content": "The hash and array functions in the \"CORE\" namespace (\"keys\", \"each\", \"values\", \"push\",\n\"pop\", \"shift\", \"unshift\" and \"splice\") can now be called with ampersand syntax\n(\"&CORE::keys(\\%hash\") and via reference (\"my $k = \\&CORE::keys; $k->(\\%hash)\").  Previously\nthey could only be used when inlined.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds",
                        "content": "We have switched to a hybrid hash function to better balance performance for short and long\nkeys.\n\nFor short keys, 16 bytes and under, we use an optimised variant of One At A Time Hard, and\nfor longer keys we use Siphash 1-3.  For very long keys this is a big improvement in\nperformance.  For shorter keys there is a modest improvement.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Security": {
                "content": "",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Removal of the current directory (\".\") from @INC",
                        "content": "The perl binary includes a default set of paths in @INC.  Historically it has also included\nthe current directory (\".\") as the final entry, unless run with taint mode enabled (\"perl\n-T\").  While convenient, this has security implications: for example, where a script attempts\nto load an optional module when its current directory is untrusted (such as /tmp), it could\nload and execute code from under that directory.\n\nStarting with v5.26, \".\" is always removed by default, not just under tainting.  This has\nmajor implications for installing modules and executing scripts.\n\nThe following new features have been added to help ameliorate these issues.\n\n•   Configure -Udefaultincexcludesdot\n\nThere is a new Configure option, \"defaultincexcludesdot\" (enabled by default) which\nbuilds a perl executable without \".\"; unsetting this option using \"-U\" reverts perl to\nthe old behaviour.  This may fix your path issues but will reintroduce all the security\nconcerns, so don't build a perl executable like this unless you're really confident that\nsuch issues are not a concern in your environment.\n\n•   \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\"\n\nThere is a new environment variable recognised by the perl interpreter.  If this variable\nhas the value 1 when the perl interpreter starts up, then \".\" will be automatically\nappended to @INC (except under tainting).\n\nThis allows you restore the old perl interpreter behaviour on a case-by-case basis.  But\nnote that this is intended to be a temporary crutch, and this feature will likely be\nremoved in some future perl version.  It is currently set by the \"cpan\" utility and\n\"Test::Harness\" to ease installation of CPAN modules which have not been updated to\nhandle the lack of dot.  Once again, don't use this unless you are sure that this will\nnot reintroduce any security concerns.\n\n•   A new deprecation warning issued by \"do\".\n\nWhile it is well-known that \"use\" and \"require\" use @INC to search for the file to load,\nmany people don't realise that \"do \"file\"\" also searches @INC if the file is a relative\npath.  With the removal of \".\", a simple \"do \"file.pl\"\" will fail to read in and execute\n\"file.pl\" from the current directory.  Since this is commonly expected behaviour, a new\ndeprecation warning is now issued whenever \"do\" fails to load a file which it otherwise\nwould have found if a dot had been in @INC.\n\nHere are some things script and module authors may need to do to make their software work in\nthe new regime.\n\n•   Script authors\n\nIf the issue is within your own code (rather than within included modules), then you have\ntwo main options.  Firstly, if you are confident that your script will only be run within\na trusted directory (under which you expect to find trusted files and modules), then add\n\".\" back into the path; e.g.:\n\nBEGIN {\nmy $dir = \"/some/trusted/directory\";\nchdir $dir or die \"Can't chdir to $dir: $!\\n\";\n# safe now\npush @INC, '.';\n}\n\nuse \"Foo::Bar\"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/Foo/Bar.pm\ndo \"config.pl\"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/config.pl\n\nOn the other hand, if your script is intended to be run from within untrusted directories\n(such as /tmp), then your script suddenly failing to load files may be indicative of a\nsecurity issue.  You most likely want to replace any relative paths with full paths; for\nexample,\n\ndo \"fooconfig.pl\"\n\nmight become\n\ndo \"$ENV{HOME}/fooconfig.pl\"\n\nIf you are absolutely certain that you want your script to load and execute a file from\nthe current directory, then use a \"./\" prefix; for example:\n\ndo \"./fooconfig.pl\"\n\n•   Installing and using CPAN modules\n\nIf you install a CPAN module using an automatic tool like \"cpan\", then this tool will\nitself set the \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" environment variable while building and testing the\nmodule, which may be sufficient to install a distribution which hasn't been updated to be\ndot-aware.  If you want to install such a module manually, then you'll need to replace\nthe traditional invocation:\n\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install\n\nwith something like\n\n(export PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=1; \\\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)\n\nNote that this only helps build and install an unfixed module.  It's possible for the\ntests to pass (since they were run under \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=1\"), but for the module\nitself to fail to perform correctly in production.  In this case, you may have to\ntemporarily modify your script until a fixed version of the module is released.  For\nexample:\n\nuse Foo::Bar;\n{\nlocal @INC = (@INC, '.');\n# assuming readconfig() needs '.' in @INC\n$config = Foo::Bar->readconfig();\n}\n\nThis is only rarely expected to be necessary.  Again, if doing this, assess the resultant\nrisks first.\n\n•   Module Authors\n\nIf you maintain a CPAN distribution, it may need updating to run in a dotless\nenvironment.  Although \"cpan\" and other such tools will currently set the\n\"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" during module build, this is a temporary workaround for the set of\nmodules which rely on \".\" being in @INC for installation and testing, and this may mask\ndeeper issues.  It could result in a module which passes tests and installs, but which\nfails at run time.\n\nDuring build, test, and install, it will normally be the case that any perl processes\nwill be executing directly within the root directory of the untarred distribution, or a\nknown subdirectory of that, such as t/.  It may well be that Makefile.PL or t/foo.t will\nattempt to include local modules and configuration files using their direct relative\nfilenames, which will now fail.\n\nHowever, as described above, automatic tools like cpan will (for now) set the\n\"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\" environment variable, which introduces dot during a build.\n\nThis makes it likely that your existing build and test code will work, but this may mask\nissues with your code which only manifest when used after install.  It is prudent to try\nand run your build process with that variable explicitly disabled:\n\n(export PERLUSEUNSAFEINC=0; \\\nperl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)\n\nThis is more likely to show up any potential problems with your module's build process,\nor even with the module itself.  Fixing such issues will ensure both that your module can\nagain be installed manually, and that it will still build once the \"PERLUSEUNSAFEINC\"\ncrutch goes away.\n\nWhen fixing issues in tests due to the removal of dot from @INC, reinsertion of dot into\n@INC should be performed with caution, for this too may suppress real errors in your\nruntime code.  You are encouraged wherever possible to apply the aforementioned\napproaches with explicit absolute/relative paths, or to relocate your needed files into a\nsubdirectory and insert that subdirectory into @INC instead.\n\nIf your runtime code has problems under the dotless @INC, then the comments above on how\nto fix for script authors will mostly apply here too.  Bear in mind though that it is\nconsidered bad form for a module to globally add a dot to @INC, since it introduces both\na security risk and hides issues of accidentally requiring dot in @INC, as explained\nabove.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH",
                        "content": "On Unix systems, Perl treats any relative paths in the \"PATH\" environment variable as tainted\nwhen starting a new process.  Previously, it was allowing a backslash to escape a colon\n(unlike the OS), consequently allowing relative paths to be considered safe if the PATH was\nset to something like \"/\\:.\".  The check has been fixed to treat \".\" as tainted in that\nexample.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New \"-Di\" switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output",
                        "content": "This is used for debugging of code within PerlIO to avoid recursive calls.  Previously this\noutput would be sent to the file specified by the \"PERLIODEBUG\" environment variable if perl\nwasn't running setuid and the \"-T\" or \"-t\" switches hadn't been parsed yet.\n\nIf perl performed output at a point where it hadn't yet parsed its switches this could result\nin perl creating or overwriting the file named by \"PERLIODEBUG\" even when the \"-T\" switch\nhad been supplied.\n\nPerl now requires the \"-Di\" switch to be present before it will produce PerlIO debugging\noutput.  By default this is written to \"stderr\", but can optionally be redirected to a file\nby setting the \"PERLIODEBUG\" environment variable.\n\nIf perl is running setuid or the \"-T\" switch was supplied, \"PERLIODEBUG\" is ignored and the\ndebugging output is sent to \"stderr\" as for any other \"-D\" switch.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Incompatible Changes",
                        "content": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Unescaped literal \"{\" characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible",
                        "content": "You have to now say something like \"\\{\" or \"[{]\" to specify to match a LEFT CURLY BRACKET;\notherwise, it is a fatal pattern compilation error.  This change will allow future extensions\nto the language.\n\nThese have been deprecated since v5.16, with a deprecation message raised for some uses\nstarting in v5.22.  Unfortunately, the code added to raise the message was buggy and failed\nto warn in some cases where it should have.  Therefore, enforcement of this ban for these\ncases is deferred until Perl 5.30, but the code has been fixed to raise a default-on\ndeprecation message for them in the meantime.\n\nSome uses of literal \"{\" occur in contexts where we do not foresee the meaning ever being\nanything but the literal, such as the very first character in the pattern, or after a \"|\"\nmeaning alternation.  Thus\n\nqr/{fee|{fie/\n\nmatches either of the strings \"{fee\" or \"{fie\".  To avoid forcing unnecessary code changes,\nthese uses do not need to be escaped, and no warning is raised about them, and there are no\ncurrent plans to change this.\n\nBut it is always correct to escape \"{\", and the simple rule to remember is to always do so.\n\nSee Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"scalar(%hash)\" return signature changed",
                        "content": "The value returned for \"scalar(%hash)\" will no longer show information about the buckets\nallocated in the hash.  It will simply return the count of used keys.  It is thus equivalent\nto \"0+keys(%hash)\".\n\nA form of backward compatibility is provided via \"Hash::Util::bucketratio()\" which provides\nthe same behavior as \"scalar(%hash)\" provided in Perl 5.24 and earlier.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine",
                        "content": "\"keys\" returned from an lvalue subroutine can no longer be assigned to in list context.\n\nsub foo : lvalue { keys(%INC) }\n(foo) = 3; # death\nsub bar : lvalue { keys(@) }\n(bar) = 3; # also an error\n\nThis makes the lvalue sub case consistent with \"(keys %hash) = ...\" and \"(keys @) = ...\",\nwhich are also errors.  [GH #15339] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15339>\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "The \"${^ENCODING}\" facility has been removed",
                        "content": "The special behaviour associated with assigning a value to this variable has been removed.\nAs a consequence, the encoding pragma's default mode is no longer supported.  If you still\nneed to write your source code in encodings other than UTF-8, use a source filter such as\nFilter::Encoding on CPAN or encoding's \"Filter\" option.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"POSIX::tmpnam()\" has been removed",
                        "content": "The fundamentally unsafe \"tmpnam()\" interface was deprecated in Perl 5.22 and has now been\nremoved.  In its place, you can use, for example, the File::Temp interfaces.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.",
                        "content": "Formerly, \"require ::Foo::Bar\" would try to read /Foo/Bar.pm.  Now any bareword require which\nstarts with a double colon dies instead.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible",
                        "content": "A variable name may no longer contain a literal control character under any circumstances.\nThese previously were allowed in single-character names on ASCII platforms, but have been\ndeprecated there since Perl 5.20.  This affects things like \"$\\cT\", where \\cT is a literal\ncontrol (such as a \"NAK\" or \"NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE\" character) in the source code.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "\"NBSP\" is no longer permissible in \"\\N{...}\"",
                        "content": "The name of a character may no longer contain non-breaking spaces.  It has been deprecated to\ndo so since Perl 5.22.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Deprecations": {
                "content": "",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated",
                        "content": "For Perl to eventually allow string delimiters to be Unicode grapheme clusters (which look\nlike a single character, but may be a sequence of several ones), we have to stop allowing a\nsingle character delimiter that isn't a grapheme by itself.  These are unlikely to exist in\nactual code, as they would typically display as attached to the character in front of them.\n\n\"\\cX\" that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated\nThis means we have no plans to remove this feature.  It still raises a warning, but only if\nsyntax warnings are enabled.  The feature was originally intended to be a way to express non-\nprintable characters that don't have a mnemonic (\"\\t\" and \"\\n\" are mnemonics for two non-\nprintable characters, but most non-printables don't have a mnemonic.)  But the feature can be\nused to specify a few printable characters, though those are more clearly expressed as the\nprintable itself.  See\n<http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2017/02/msg242944.html>.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Performance Enhancements",
                        "content": "•   A hash in boolean context is now sometimes faster, e.g.\n\nif (!%h) { ... }\n\nThis was already special-cased, but some cases were missed (such as \"grep %$, @AoH\"),\nand even the ones which weren't have been improved.\n\n•   New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds\n\nWe use a different hash function for short and long keys.  This should improve\nperformance and security, especially for long keys.\n\n•   readline is faster\n\nReading from a file line-by-line with \"readline()\" or \"<>\" should now typically be faster\ndue to a better implementation of the code that searches for the next newline character.\n\n•   Assigning one reference to another, e.g. \"$ref1 = $ref2\" has been optimized in some\ncases.\n\n•   Remove some exceptions to creating Copy-on-Write strings. The string buffer growth\nalgorithm has been slightly altered so that you're less likely to encounter a string\nwhich can't be COWed.\n\n•   Better optimise array and hash assignment: where an array or hash appears in the LHS of a\nlist assignment, such as \"(..., @a) = (...);\", it's likely to be considerably faster,\nespecially if it involves emptying the array/hash. For example, this code runs about a\nthird faster compared to Perl 5.24.0:\n\nmy @a;\nfor my $i (1..10000000) {\n@a = (1,2,3);\n@a = ();\n}\n\n•   Converting a single-digit string to a number is now substantially faster.\n\n•   The \"split\" builtin is now slightly faster in many cases: in particular for the two\nspecially-handled forms\n\nmy    @a = split ...;\nlocal @a = split ...;\n\n•   The rather slow implementation for the experimental subroutine signatures feature has\nbeen made much faster; it is now comparable in speed with the traditional \"my ($a, $b,\n@c) = @\".\n\n•   Bareword constant strings are now permitted to take part in constant folding.  They were\noriginally exempted from constant folding in August 1999, during the development of Perl\n5.6, to ensure that \"use strict \"subs\"\" would still apply to bareword constants.  That\nhas now been accomplished a different way, so barewords, like other constants, now gain\nthe performance benefits of constant folding.\n\nThis also means that void-context warnings on constant expressions of barewords now\nreport the folded constant operand, rather than the operation; this matches the behaviour\nfor non-bareword constants.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Modules and Pragmata",
                        "content": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Updated Modules and Pragmata",
                        "content": "•   IO::Compress has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Archive::Tar has been upgraded from version 2.04 to 2.24.\n\n•   arybase has been upgraded from version 0.11 to 0.12.\n\n•   attributes has been upgraded from version 0.27 to 0.29.\n\nThe deprecation message for the \":unique\" and \":locked\" attributes now mention that they\nwill disappear in Perl 5.28.\n\n•   B has been upgraded from version 1.62 to 1.68.\n\n•   B::Concise has been upgraded from version 0.996 to 0.999.\n\nIts output is now more descriptive for \"opprivate\" flags.\n\n•   B::Debug has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.24.\n\n•   B::Deparse has been upgraded from version 1.37 to 1.40.\n\n•   B::Xref has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   base has been upgraded from version 2.23 to 2.25.\n\n•   bignum has been upgraded from version 0.42 to 0.47.\n\n•   Carp has been upgraded from version 1.40 to 1.42.\n\n•   charnames has been upgraded from version 1.43 to 1.44.\n\n•   Compress::Raw::Bzip2 has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Compress::Raw::Zlib has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.\n\n•   Config::Perl::V has been upgraded from version 0.25 to 0.28.\n\n•   CPAN has been upgraded from version 2.11 to 2.18.\n\n•   CPAN::Meta has been upgraded from version 2.150005 to 2.150010.\n\n•   Data::Dumper has been upgraded from version 2.160 to 2.167.\n\nThe XS implementation now supports Deparse.\n\n•   DBFile has been upgraded from version 1.835 to 1.840.\n\n•   Devel::Peek has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.26.\n\n•   Devel::PPPort has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.\n\n•   Devel::SelfStubber has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   diagnostics has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.36.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Digest has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.1701.\n\n•   Digest::MD5 has been upgraded from version 2.54 to 2.55.\n\n•   Digest::SHA has been upgraded from version 5.95 to 5.96.\n\n•   DynaLoader has been upgraded from version 1.38 to 1.42.\n\n•   Encode has been upgraded from version 2.80 to 2.88.\n\n•   encoding has been upgraded from version 2.17 to 2.19.\n\nThis module's default mode is no longer supported.  It now dies when imported, unless the\n\"Filter\" option is being used.\n\n•   encoding::warnings has been upgraded from version 0.12 to 0.13.\n\nThis module is no longer supported.  It emits a warning to that effect and then does\nnothing.\n\n•   Errno has been upgraded from version 1.25 to 1.28.\n\nIt now documents that using \"%!\" automatically loads Errno for you.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   ExtUtils::Embed has been upgraded from version 1.33 to 1.34.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   ExtUtils::MakeMaker has been upgraded from version 7.1001 to 7.24.\n\n•   ExtUtils::Miniperl has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.\n\n•   ExtUtils::ParseXS has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.\n\n•   ExtUtils::Typemaps has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.\n\n•   feature has been upgraded from version 1.42 to 1.47.\n\n•   File::Copy has been upgraded from version 2.31 to 2.32.\n\n•   File::Fetch has been upgraded from version 0.48 to 0.52.\n\n•   File::Glob has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\nIt now Issues a deprecation message for \"File::Glob::glob()\".\n\n•   File::Spec has been upgraded from version 3.63 to 3.67.\n\n•   FileHandle has been upgraded from version 2.02 to 2.03.\n\n•   Filter::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.93.\n\nIt no longer treats \"no MyFilter\" immediately following \"use MyFilter\" as end-of-file.\n[GH #11853] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/11853>\n\n•   Getopt::Long has been upgraded from version 2.48 to 2.49.\n\n•   Getopt::Std has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.\n\n•   Hash::Util has been upgraded from version 0.19 to 0.22.\n\n•   HTTP::Tiny has been upgraded from version 0.056 to 0.070.\n\nInternal 599-series errors now include the redirect history.\n\n•   I18N::LangTags has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.42.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   IO has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.38.\n\n•   IO::Socket::IP has been upgraded from version 0.37 to 0.38.\n\n•   IPC::Cmd has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.96.\n\n•   IPC::SysV has been upgraded from version 2.0601 to 2.07.\n\n•   JSON::PP has been upgraded from version 2.27300 to 2.2740002.\n\n•   lib has been upgraded from version 0.63 to 0.64.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   List::Util has been upgraded from version 1.4202 to 1.4602.\n\n•   Locale::Codes has been upgraded from version 3.37 to 3.42.\n\n•   Locale::Maketext has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\n•   Locale::Maketext::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.2101.\n\n•   Math::BigInt has been upgraded from version 1.999715 to 1.999806.\n\n•   Math::BigInt::FastCalc has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.5005.\n\n•   Math::BigRat has been upgraded from version 0.260802 to 0.2611.\n\n•   Math::Complex has been upgraded from version 1.59 to 1.5901.\n\n•   Memoize has been upgraded from version 1.03 to 1.0301.\n\n•   Module::CoreList has been upgraded from version 5.20170420 to 5.20170530.\n\n•   Module::Load::Conditional has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.\n\n•   Module::Metadata has been upgraded from version 1.000031 to 1.000033.\n\n•   mro has been upgraded from version 1.18 to 1.20.\n\n•   Net::Ping has been upgraded from version 2.43 to 2.55.\n\nIPv6 addresses and \"AFINET6\" sockets are now supported, along with several other\nenhancements.\n\n•   NEXT has been upgraded from version 0.65 to 0.67.\n\n•   Opcode has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.39.\n\n•   open has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.\n\n•   OS2::Process has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   overload has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.\n\nIts compilation speed has been improved slightly.\n\n•   parent has been upgraded from version 0.234 to 0.236.\n\n•   perl5db.pl has been upgraded from version 1.50 to 1.51.\n\nIt now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems.  [GH #12244]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/12244>\n\n•   Perl::OSType has been upgraded from version 1.009 to 1.010.\n\n•   perlfaq has been upgraded from version 5.021010 to 5.021011.\n\n•   PerlIO has been upgraded from version 1.09 to 1.10.\n\n•   PerlIO::encoding has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.25.\n\n•   PerlIO::scalar has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.26.\n\n•   Pod::Checker has been upgraded from version 1.60 to 1.73.\n\n•   Pod::Functions has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.\n\n•   Pod::Html has been upgraded from version 1.22 to 1.2202.\n\n•   Pod::Perldoc has been upgraded from version 3.2502 to 3.28.\n\n•   Pod::Simple has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.\n\n•   Pod::Usage has been upgraded from version 1.68 to 1.69.\n\n•   POSIX has been upgraded from version 1.65 to 1.76.\n\nThis remedies several defects in making its symbols exportable.  [GH #15260]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15260>\n\nThe \"POSIX::tmpnam()\" interface has been removed, see \"POSIX::tmpnam() has been removed\".\n\nThe following deprecated functions have been removed:\n\nPOSIX::isalnum\nPOSIX::isalpha\nPOSIX::iscntrl\nPOSIX::isdigit\nPOSIX::isgraph\nPOSIX::islower\nPOSIX::isprint\nPOSIX::ispunct\nPOSIX::isspace\nPOSIX::isupper\nPOSIX::isxdigit\nPOSIX::tolower\nPOSIX::toupper\n\nTrying to import POSIX subs that have no real implementations (like \"POSIX::atend()\") now\nfails at import time, instead of waiting until runtime.\n\n•   re has been upgraded from version 0.32 to 0.34\n\nThis adds support for the new \"/xx\" regular expression pattern modifier, and a change to\nthe \"use re 'strict'\" experimental feature.  When \"re 'strict'\" is enabled, a warning now\nwill be generated for all unescaped uses of the two characters \"}\" and \"]\" in regular\nexpression patterns (outside bracketed character classes) that are taken literally.  This\nbrings them more in line with the \")\" character which is always a metacharacter unless\nescaped.  Being a metacharacter only sometimes, depending on an action at a distance, can\nlead to silently having the pattern mean something quite different than was intended,\nwhich the \"re 'strict'\" mode is intended to minimize.\n\n•   Safe has been upgraded from version 2.39 to 2.40.\n\n•   Scalar::Util has been upgraded from version 1.4202 to 1.4602.\n\n•   Storable has been upgraded from version 2.56 to 2.62.\n\nFixes [GH #15714] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15714>.\n\n•   Symbol has been upgraded from version 1.07 to 1.08.\n\n•   Sys::Syslog has been upgraded from version 0.33 to 0.35.\n\n•   Term::ANSIColor has been upgraded from version 4.04 to 4.06.\n\n•   Term::ReadLine has been upgraded from version 1.15 to 1.16.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Test has been upgraded from version 1.28 to 1.30.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   Test::Harness has been upgraded from version 3.36 to 3.38.\n\n•   Test::Simple has been upgraded from version 1.001014 to 1.302073.\n\n•   Thread::Queue has been upgraded from version 3.09 to 3.12.\n\n•   Thread::Semaphore has been upgraded from 2.12 to 2.13.\n\nAdded the \"downtimed\" method.\n\n•   threads has been upgraded from version 2.07 to 2.15.\n\n•   threads::shared has been upgraded from version 1.51 to 1.56.\n\n•   Tie::Hash::NamedCapture has been upgraded from version 0.09 to 0.10.\n\n•   Time::HiRes has been upgraded from version 1.9733 to 1.9741.\n\nIt now builds on systems with C++11 compilers (such as G++ 6 and Clang++ 3.9).\n\nNow uses \"clockidt\".\n\n•   Time::Local has been upgraded from version 1.2300 to 1.25.\n\n•   Unicode::Collate has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.19.\n\n•   Unicode::UCD has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   version has been upgraded from version 0.9916 to 0.9917.\n\n•   VMS::DCLsym has been upgraded from version 1.06 to 1.08.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n\n•   warnings has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.37.\n\n•   XS::Typemap has been upgraded from version 0.14 to 0.15.\n\n•   XSLoader has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.27.\n\nFixed a security hole in which binary files could be loaded from a path outside of @INC.\n\nIt now uses 3-arg \"open()\" instead of 2-arg \"open()\".  [GH #15721]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15721>\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Documentation": {
                "content": "",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "New Documentation",
                        "content": "perldeprecation\n\nThis file documents all upcoming deprecations, and some of the deprecations which already\nhave been removed.  The purpose of this documentation is two-fold: document what will\ndisappear, and by which version, and serve as a guide for people dealing with code which has\nfeatures that no longer work after an upgrade of their perl.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Changes to Existing Documentation",
                        "content": "We have attempted to update the documentation to reflect the changes listed in this document.\nIf you find any we have missed, send email to perlbug@perl.org <mailto:perlbug@perl.org>.\n\nAdditionally, all references to Usenet have been removed, and the following selected changes\nhave been made:\n\nperlfunc\n\n•   Removed obsolete text about \"defined()\" on aggregates that should have been deleted\nearlier, when the feature was removed.\n\n•   Corrected documentation of \"eval()\", and \"evalbytes()\".\n\n•   Clarified documentation of \"seek()\", \"tell()\" and \"sysseek()\" emphasizing that positions\nare in bytes and not characters.  [GH #15438]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15438>\n\n•   Clarified documentation of \"sort()\" concerning the variables $a and $b.\n\n•   In \"split()\" noted that certain pattern modifiers are legal, and added a caution about\nits use in Perls before v5.11.\n\n•   Removed obsolete documentation of \"study()\", noting that it is now a no-op.\n\n•   Noted that \"vec()\" doesn't work well when the string contains characters whose code\npoints are above 255.\n\nperlguts\n\n•   Added advice on formatted printing of operands of \"Sizet\" and \"SSizet\"\n\nperlhack\n\n•   Clarify what editor tab stop rules to use, and note that we are migrating away from using\ntabs, replacing them with sequences of SPACE characters.\n\nperlhacktips\n\n•   Give another reason to use \"cBOOL\" to cast an expression to boolean.\n\n•   Note that the macros \"TRUE\" and \"FALSE\" are available to express boolean values.\n\nperlinterp\n\n•   perlinterp has been expanded to give a more detailed example of how to hunt around in the\nparser for how a given operator is handled.\n\nperllocale\n\n•   Some locales aren't compatible with Perl.  Note that these can cause core dumps.\n\nperlmod\n\n•   Various clarifications have been added.\n\nperlmodlib\n\n•   Updated the site mirror list.\n\nperlobj\n\n•   Added a section on calling methods using their fully qualified names.\n\n•   Do not discourage manual @ISA.\n\nperlootut\n\n•   Mention \"Moo\" more.\n\nperlop\n\n•   Note that white space must be used for quoting operators if the delimiter is a word\ncharacter (i.e., matches \"\\w\").\n\n•   Clarify that in regular expression patterns delimited by single quotes, no variable\ninterpolation is done.\n\nperlre\n\n•   The first part was extensively rewritten to incorporate various basic points, that in\nearlier versions were mentioned in sort of an appendix on Version 8 regular expressions.\n\n•   Note that it is common to have the \"/x\" modifier and forget that this means that \"#\" has\nto be escaped.\n\nperlretut\n\n•   Add introductory material.\n\n•   Note that a metacharacter occurring in a context where it can't mean that, silently loses\nits meta-ness and matches literally.  \"use re 'strict'\" can catch some of these.\n\nperlunicode\n\n•   Corrected the text about Unicode BYTE ORDER MARK handling.\n\n•   Updated the text to correspond with changes in Unicode UTS#18, concerning regular\nexpressions, and Perl compatibility with what it says.\n\nperlvar\n\n•   Document @ISA.  It was documented in other places, but not in perlvar.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Diagnostics": {
                "content": "",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "New Diagnostics",
                        "content": "New Errors\n\n•   A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'\n\n•   Bareword in require contains \"%s\"\n\n•   Bareword in require maps to empty filename\n\n•   Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename \"%s\"\n\n•   Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: \"%s\"\n\n•   %s: command not found\n\n(A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another shell instead of Perl.\nCheck the \"#!\" line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.  The \"#!\" line at\nthe top of your file could look like:\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\n\n•   %s: command not found: %s\n\n(A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another shell instead of Perl.\nCheck the \"#!\" line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.  The \"#!\" line at\nthe top of your file could look like:\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\n\n•   The experimental declaredrefs feature is not enabled\n\n(F) To declare references to variables, as in \"my \\%x\", you must first enable the\nfeature:\n\nno warnings \"experimental::declaredrefs\";\nuse feature \"declaredrefs\";\n\nSee \"Declaring a reference to a variable\".\n\n•   Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature\n\n•   Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter\n\n•   Infinite recursion via empty pattern.\n\nUsing the empty pattern (which re-executes the last successfully-matched pattern) inside\na code block in another regex, as in \"/(?{ s!!new! })/\", has always previously yielded a\nsegfault.  It now produces this error.\n\n•   Malformed UTF-8 string in \"%s\"\n\n•   Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed\n\n•   '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature\n\n•   panic: unknown OA*: %x\n\n•   Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here\n\nUnescaped left braces are now illegal in some contexts in regular expression patterns.\nIn other contexts, they are still just deprecated; they will be illegal in Perl 5.30.\n\n•   Version control conflict marker\n\n(F) The parser found a line starting with \"<<<<<<<\", \">>>>>>>\", or \"=======\".  These may\nbe left by a version control system to mark conflicts after a failed merge operation.\n\nNew Warnings\n\n•   Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming \"BASEOP\"\n\n•   Declaring references is experimental\n\n(S experimental::declaredrefs) This warning is emitted if you use a reference\nconstructor on the right-hand side of \"my()\", \"state()\", \"our()\", or \"local()\".  Simply\nsuppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are\ntaking the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a\nfuture Perl version:\n\nno warnings \"experimental::declaredrefs\";\nuse feature \"declaredrefs\";\n$fooref = my \\$foo;\n\nSee \"Declaring a reference to a variable\".\n\n•   do \"%s\" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC\n\nSince \".\" is now removed from @INC by default, \"do\" will now trigger a warning\nrecommending to fix the \"do\" statement.\n\n•   \"File::Glob::glob()\" will disappear in perl 5.30. Use \"File::Glob::bsdglob()\" instead.\n\n•   Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/\n\n•   Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter will be a fatal\nerror starting in Perl 5.30\n\nSee \"Deprecations\"\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Changes to Existing Diagnostics",
                        "content": "•   When a \"require\" fails, we now do not provide @INC when the \"require\" is for a file\ninstead of a module.\n\n•   When @INC is not scanned for a \"require\" call, we no longer display @INC to avoid\nconfusion.\n\n•   Attribute \"locked\" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in this release.\n\n•   Attribute \"unique\" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in this release.\n\n•   Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been removed, as the deprecated functions have been removed from POSIX.\n\n•   Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are deprecated. This will\nnot be allowed in Perl 5.32\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will not be allowed text added in this release.\n\n•   Deprecated use of \"my()\" in false conditional. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   \"dump()\" better written as \"CORE::dump()\". \"dump()\" will no longer be available in Perl\n5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the no longer be available text added in this release.\n\n•   Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden\n\nThis message is now followed by more helpful text.  [GH #15291]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15291>\n\n•   Experimental \"%s\" subs not enabled\n\nThis warning was been removed, as lexical subs are no longer experimental.\n\n•   Having more than one /%c regexp modifier is deprecated\n\nThis deprecation warning has been removed, since \"/xx\" now has a new meaning.\n\n•   %s() is deprecated on \":utf8\" handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30 .\n\nwhere \"%s\" is one of \"sysread\", \"recv\", \"syswrite\", or \"send\".\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\nThis warning is now enabled by default, as all \"deprecated\" category warnings should be.\n\n•   $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Malformed UTF-8 character%s\n\nDetails as to the exact problem have been added at the end of this message\n\n•   Missing or undefined argument to %s\n\nThis warning used to warn about \"require\", even if it was actually \"do\" which being\nexecuted. It now gets the operation name right.\n\n•   NO-BREAK SPACE in a charnames alias definition is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been removed as the behavior is now an error.\n\n•   Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n\n•   panic: cksplit, type=%u\n\npanic: ppsplit, pm=%p, s=%p\n\nThese panic errors have been removed.\n\n•   Passing malformed UTF-8 to \"%s\" is deprecated\n\nThis warning has been changed to the fatal Malformed UTF-8 string in \"%s\"\n\n•   Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef. This\nwill be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   \"${^ENCODING}\" is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis warning used to be: \"Setting \"${^ENCODING}\" is deprecated\".\n\nThe special action of the variable \"${^ENCODING}\" was formerly used to implement the\n\"encoding\" pragma. As of Perl 5.26, rather than being deprecated, assigning to this\nvariable now has no effect except to issue the warning.\n\n•   Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'\n\nThis warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.\n\n•   Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed\nthrough in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/\n\nThis existing warning has had the here (and will be fatal...) text added in this release.\n\n•   Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of bare << to mean <<\"\" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s.  This will be fatal in\nPerl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of inherited \"AUTOLOAD\" for non-method %s() is deprecated. This will be fatal in Perl\n5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in this release.\n\n•   Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator is deprecated. This\nwill be a fatal error in Perl 5.28\n\nThis existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text added in this release.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Utility Changes",
                        "content": "c2ph and pstruct\n•   These old utilities have long since superceded by h2xs, and are now gone from the\ndistribution.\n\nPorting/podlib.pl\n•   Removed spurious executable bit.\n\n•   Account for the possibility of DOS file endings.\n\nPorting/sync-with-cpan\n•   Many improvements.\n\nperf/benchmarks\n•   Tidy file, rename some symbols.\n\nPorting/checkAUTHORS.pl\n•   Replace obscure character range with \"\\w\".\n\nt/porting/regen.t\n•   Try to be more helpful when tests fail.\n\nutils/h2xs.PL\n•   Avoid infinite loop for enums.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "perlbug",
                        "content": "•   Long lines in the message body are now wrapped at 900 characters, to stay well within the\n1000-character limit imposed by SMTP mail transfer agents.  This is particularly likely\nto be important for the list of arguments to Configure, which can readily exceed the\nlimit if, for example, it names several non-default installation paths.  This change also\nadds the first unit tests for perlbug.  [perl #128020]\n<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128020>\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Configuration and Compilation",
                        "content": "•   \"-Ddefaultincexcludesdot\" has added, and enabled by default.\n\n•   The \"dtrace\" build process has further changes [GH #15718]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15718>:\n\n•   If the \"-xnolibs\" is available, use that so a dtrace perl can be built within a\nFreeBSD jail.\n\n•   On systems that build a dtrace object file (FreeBSD, Solaris, and SystemTap's dtrace\nemulation), copy the input objects to a separate directory and process them there,\nand use those objects in the link, since \"dtrace -G\" also modifies these objects.\n\n•   Add libelf to the build on FreeBSD 10.x, since dtrace adds references to libelf\nsymbols.\n\n•   Generate a dummy dtracemain.o if \"dtrace -G\" fails to build it.  A default build on\nSolaris generates probes from the unused inline functions, while they don't on\nFreeBSD, which causes \"dtrace -G\" to fail.\n\n•   You can now disable perl's use of the \"PERLHASHSEED\" and \"PERLPERTURBKEYS\"\nenvironment variables by configuring perl with \"-Accflags=NOPERLHASHENV\".\n\n•   You can now disable perl's use of the \"PERLHASHSEEDDEBUG\" environment variable by\nconfiguring perl with \"-Accflags=-DNOPERLHASHSEEDDEBUG\".\n\n•   Configure now zeroes out the alignment bytes when calculating the bytes for 80-bit \"NaN\"\nand \"Inf\" to make builds more reproducible.  [GH #15725]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15725>\n\n•   Since v5.18, for testing purposes we have included support for building perl with a\nvariety of non-standard, and non-recommended hash functions.  Since we do not recommend\nthe use of these functions, we have removed them and their corresponding build options.\nSpecifically this includes the following build options:\n\nPERLHASHFUNCSDBM\nPERLHASHFUNCDJB2\nPERLHASHFUNCSUPERFAST\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMUR3\nPERLHASHFUNCONEATATIME\nPERLHASHFUNCONEATATIMEOLD\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMURHASH64A\nPERLHASHFUNCMURMURHASH64B\n\n•   Remove \"Warning: perl appears in your path\"\n\nThis install warning is more or less obsolete, since most platforms already will have a\n/usr/bin/perl or similar provided by the OS.\n\n•   Reduce verbosity of \"make install.man\"\n\nPreviously, two progress messages were emitted for each manpage: one by installman\nitself, and one by the function in installlib.pl that it calls to actually install the\nfile.  Disabling the second of those in each case saves over 750 lines of unhelpful\noutput.\n\n•   Cleanup for \"clang -Weverything\" support.  [GH #15683]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15683>\n\n•   Configure: signbit scan was assuming too much, stop assuming negative 0.\n\n•   Various compiler warnings have been silenced.\n\n•   Several smaller changes have been made to remove impediments to compiling under C++11.\n\n•   Builds using \"USEPADRESET\" now work again; this configuration had bit-rotted.\n\n•   A probe for \"gaistrerror\" was added to Configure that checks if the \"gaistrerror()\"\nroutine is available and can be used to translate error codes returned by \"getaddrinfo()\"\ninto human readable strings.\n\n•   Configure now aborts if both \"-Duselongdouble\" and \"-Dusequadmath\" are requested.  [GH\n#14944] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14944>\n\n•   Fixed a bug in which Configure could append \"-quadmath\" to the archname even if it was\nalready present.  [GH #15423] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15423>\n\n•   Clang builds with \"-DPERLGLOBALSTRUCT\" or \"-DPERLGLOBALSTRUCTPRIVATE\" have been\nfixed (by disabling Thread Safety Analysis for these configurations).\n\n•   makeext.pl no longer updates a module's pmtoblib file when no files require updates.\nThis could cause dependencies, perlmain.c in particular, to be rebuilt unnecessarily.\n[GH #15060] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15060>\n\n•   The output of \"perl -V\" has been reformatted so that each configuration and compile-time\noption is now listed one per line, to improve readability.\n\n•   Configure now builds \"miniperl\" and \"generateuudmap\" if you invoke it with\n\"-Dusecrosscompiler\" but not \"-Dtargethost=somehost\".  This means you can supply your\ntarget platform \"config.sh\", generate the headers and proceed to build your cross-target\nperl.  [GH #15126] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15126>\n\n•   Perl built with \"-Accflags=-DPERLTRACEOPS\" now only dumps the operator counts when the\nenvironment variable \"PERLTRACEOPS\" is set to a non-zero integer.  This allows \"make\ntest\" to pass on such a build.\n\n•   When building with GCC 6 and link-time optimization (the \"-flto\" option to \"gcc\"),\nConfigure was treating all probed symbols as present on the system, regardless of whether\nthey actually exist.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15322]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15322>\n\n•   The t/test.pl library is used for internal testing of Perl itself, and also copied by\nseveral CPAN modules.  Some of those modules must work on older versions of Perl, so\nt/test.pl must in turn avoid newer Perl features.  Compatibility with Perl 5.8 was\ninadvertently removed some time ago; it has now been restored.  [GH #15302]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15302>\n\n•   The build process no longer emits an extra blank line before building each \"simple\"\nextension (those with only *.pm and *.pod files).\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Testing": {
                "content": "Tests were added and changed to reflect the other additions and changes in this release.\nFurthermore, these substantive changes were made:\n\n•   A new test script, comp/parserrun.t, has been added that is like comp/parser.t but with\ntest.pl included so that \"runperl()\" and the like are available for use.\n\n•   Tests for locales were erroneously using locales incompatible with Perl.\n\n•   Some parts of the test suite that try to exhaustively test edge cases in the regex\nimplementation have been restricted to running for a maximum of five minutes.  On slow\nsystems they could otherwise take several hours, without significantly improving our\nunderstanding of the correctness of the code under test.\n\n•   A new internal facility allows analysing the time taken by the individual tests in Perl's\nown test suite; see Porting/harness-timer-report.pl.\n\n•   t/re/regexpnonull.t has been added to test that the regular expression engine can handle\nscalars that do not have a null byte just past the end of the string.\n\n•   A new test script, t/op/decl-refs.t, has been added to test the new feature \"Declaring a\nreference to a variable\".\n\n•   A new test script, t/re/keeptabs.t has been added to contain tests where \"\\t\" characters\nshould not be expanded into spaces.\n\n•   A new test script, t/re/anyof.t, has been added to test that the ANYOF nodes generated by\nbracketed character classes are as expected.\n\n•   There is now more extensive testing of the Unicode-related API macros and functions.\n\n•   Several of the longer running API test files have been split into multiple test files so\nthat they can be run in parallel.\n\n•   t/harness now tries really hard not to run tests which are located outside of the Perl\nsource tree.  [GH #14578] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14578>\n\n•   Prevent debugger tests (lib/perl5db.t) from failing due to the contents of\n$ENV{PERLDBOPTS}.  [GH #15782] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15782>\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Platform Support",
                        "content": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "New Platforms",
                        "content": "NetBSD/VAX\nPerl now compiles under NetBSD on VAX machines.  However, it's not possible for that\nplatform to implement floating-point infinities and NaNs compatible with most modern\nsystems, which implement the IEEE-754 floating point standard.  The hexadecimal floating\npoint (\"0x...p[+-]n\" literals, \"printf %a\") is not implemented, either.  The \"make test\"\npasses 98% of tests.\n\n•   Test fixes and minor updates.\n\n•   Account for lack of \"inf\", \"nan\", and \"-0.0\" support.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Platform-Specific Notes",
                        "content": "Darwin\n•   Don't treat \"-Dprefix=/usr\" as special: instead require an extra option\n\"-Ddarwindistribution\" to produce the same results.\n\n•   OS X El Capitan doesn't implement the \"clockgettime()\" or \"clockgetres()\" APIs;\nemulate them as necessary.\n\n•   Deprecated syscall(2) on macOS 10.12.\n\nEBCDIC\nSeveral tests have been updated to work (or be skipped) on EBCDIC platforms.\n\nHP-UX\nThe Net::Ping UDP test is now skipped on HP-UX.\n\nHurd\nThe hints for Hurd have been improved, enabling malloc wrap and reporting the GNU libc\nused (previously it was an empty string when reported).\n\nVAX VAX floating point formats are now supported on NetBSD.\n\nVMS\n•   The path separator for the \"PERL5LIB\" and \"PERLLIB\" environment entries is now a\ncolon (\":\") when running under a Unix shell.  There is no change when running under\nDCL (it's still \"|\").\n\n•   configure.com now recognizes the VSI-branded C compiler and no longer recognizes the\n\"DEC\"-branded C compiler (as there hasn't been such a thing for 15 or more years).\n\nWindows\n•   Support for compiling perl on Windows using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 (containing\nVisual C++ 14.0) has been added.\n\nThis version of VC++ includes a completely rewritten C run-time library, some of the\nchanges in which mean that work done to resolve a socket \"close()\" bug in perl\n#120091 and perl #118059 is not workable in its current state with this version of\nVC++.  Therefore, we have effectively reverted that bug fix for VS2015 onwards on the\nbasis that being able to build with VS2015 onwards is more important than keeping the\nbug fix.  We may revisit this in the future to attempt to fix the bug again in a way\nthat is compatible with VS2015.\n\nThese changes do not affect compilation with GCC or with Visual Studio versions up to\nand including VS2013, i.e., the bug fix is retained (unchanged) for those compilers.\n\nNote that you may experience compatibility problems if you mix a perl built with GCC\nor VS <= VS2013 with XS modules built with VS2015, or if you mix a perl built with\nVS2015 with XS modules built with GCC or VS <= VS2013.  Some incompatibility may\narise because of the bug fix that has been reverted for VS2015 builds of perl, but\nthere may well be incompatibility anyway because of the rewritten CRT in VS2015\n(e.g., see discussion at <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30412951>).\n\n•   It now automatically detects GCC versus Visual C and sets the VC version number on\nWin32.\n\nLinux\nDrop support for Linux a.out executable format. Linux has used ELF for over twenty years.\n\nOpenBSD 6\nOpenBSD 6 still does not support returning \"pid\", \"gid\", or \"uid\" with \"SASIGINFO\".\nMake sure to account for it.\n\nFreeBSD\nt/uni/overload.t: Skip hanging test on FreeBSD.\n\nDragonFly BSD\nDragonFly BSD now has support for \"setproctitle()\".  [GH #15703]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15703>.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Internal Changes",
                        "content": "•   A new API function \"svsetpvbufsize()\" allows simultaneously setting the length and the\nallocated size of the buffer in an \"SV\", growing the buffer if necessary.\n\n•   A new API macro \"SvPVCLEAR()\" sets its \"SV\" argument to an empty string, like Perl-space\n\"$x = ''\", but with several optimisations.\n\n•   Several new macros and functions for dealing with Unicode and UTF-8-encoded strings have\nbeen added to the API, as well as some changes in the functionality of existing functions\n(see \"Unicode Support\" in perlapi for more details):\n\n•   New versions of the API macros like \"isALPHAutf8\" and \"toLOWERutf8\" have been\nadded, each with the suffix \"safe\", like \"isSPACEutf8safe\".  These take an extra\nparameter, giving an upper limit of how far into the string it is safe to read.\nUsing the old versions could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the input\nbuffer if the UTF-8 is not well-formed, and their use now raises a deprecation\nwarning.  Details are at \"Character classification\" in perlapi.\n\n•   Macros like \"isALPHAutf8\" and \"toLOWERutf8\" now die if they detect that their input\nUTF-8 is malformed.  A deprecation warning had been issued since Perl 5.18.\n\n•   Several new macros for analysing the validity of utf8 sequences. These are:\n\n\"UTF8GOTABOVE31BIT\" \"UTF8GOTCONTINUATION\" \"UTF8GOTEMPTY\" \"UTF8GOTLONG\"\n\"UTF8GOTNONCHAR\" \"UTF8GOTNONCONTINUATION\" \"UTF8GOTOVERFLOW\" \"UTF8GOTSHORT\"\n\"UTF8GOTSUPER\" \"UTF8GOTSURROGATE\" \"UTF8ISINVARIANT\" \"UTF8ISNONCHAR\"\n\"UTF8ISSUPER\" \"UTF8ISSURROGATE\" \"UVCHRISINVARIANT\" \"isUTF8CHARflags\"\n\"isSTRICTUTF8CHAR\" \"isC9STRICTUTF8CHAR\"\n\n•   Functions that are all extensions of the \"isutf8string*()\" functions, that apply\nvarious restrictions to the UTF-8 recognized as valid:\n\n\"isstrictutf8string\", \"isstrictutf8stringloc\", \"isstrictutf8stringloclen\",\n\n\"isc9strictutf8string\", \"isc9strictutf8stringloc\",\n\"isc9strictutf8stringloclen\",\n\n\"isutf8stringflags\", \"isutf8stringlocflags\", \"isutf8stringloclenflags\",\n\n\"isutf8fixedwidthbufflags\", \"isutf8fixedwidthbuflocflags\",\n\"isutf8fixedwidthbufloclenflags\".\n\n\"isutf8invariantstring\".  \"isutf8validpartialchar\".\n\"isutf8validpartialcharflags\".\n\n•   The functions \"utf8ntouvchr\" and its derivatives have had several changes of\nbehaviour.\n\nCalling them, while passing a string length of 0 is now asserted against in DEBUGGING\nbuilds, and otherwise, returns the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.   If you have\nnothing to decode, you shouldn't call the decode function.\n\nThey now return the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER if called with UTF-8 that has the\noverlong malformation and that malformation is allowed by the input parameters.  This\nmalformation is where the UTF-8 looks valid syntactically, but there is a shorter\nsequence that yields the same code point.  This has been forbidden since Unicode\nversion 3.1.\n\nThey now accept an input flag to allow the overflow malformation.  This malformation\nis when the UTF-8 may be syntactically valid, but the code point it represents is not\ncapable of being represented in the word length on the platform.  What \"allowed\"\nmeans, in this case, is that the function doesn't return an error, and it advances\nthe parse pointer to beyond the UTF-8 in question, but it returns the Unicode\nREPLACEMENT CHARACTER as the value of the code point (since the real value is not\nrepresentable).\n\nThey no longer abandon searching for other malformations when the first one is\nencountered.  A call to one of these functions thus can generate multiple\ndiagnostics, instead of just one.\n\n•   \"validutf8touvchr()\" has been added to the API (although it was present in core\nearlier). Like \"utf8touvchrbuf()\", but assumes that the next character is well-\nformed.  Use with caution.\n\n•   A new function, \"utf8ntouvchrerror\", has been added for use by modules that need\nto know the details of UTF-8 malformations beyond pass/fail.  Previously, the only\nways to know why a sequence was ill-formed was to capture and parse the generated\ndiagnostics or to do your own analysis.\n\n•   There is now a safer version of utf8hop(), called \"utf8hopsafe()\".  Unlike\nutf8hop(), utf8hopsafe() won't navigate before the beginning or after the end of\nthe supplied buffer.\n\n•   Two new functions, \"utf8hopforward()\" and \"utf8hopback()\" are similar to\n\"utf8hopsafe()\" but are for when you know which direction you wish to travel.\n\n•   Two new macros which return useful utf8 byte sequences:\n\n\"BOMUTF8\"\n\n\"REPLACEMENTCHARACTERUTF8\"\n\n•   Perl is now built with the \"PERLOPPARENT\" compiler define enabled by default.  To\ndisable it, use the \"PERLNOOPPARENT\" compiler define.  This flag alters how the\n\"opsibling\" field is used in \"OP\" structures, and has been available optionally since\nperl 5.22.\n\nSee \"Internal Changes\" in perl5220delta for more details of what this build option does.\n\n•   Three new ops, \"OPARGELEM\", \"OPARGDEFELEM\", and \"OPARGCHECK\" have been added.  These\nare intended principally to implement the individual elements of a subroutine signature,\nplus any overall checking required.\n\n•   The \"OPPUSHRE\" op has been eliminated and the \"OPSPLIT\" op has been changed from class\n\"LISTOP\" to \"PMOP\".\n\nFormerly the first child of a split would be a \"pushre\", which would have the \"split\"'s\nregex attached to it. Now the regex is attached directly to the \"split\" op, and the\n\"pushre\" has been eliminated.\n\n•   The \"opclass()\" API function has been added.  This is like the existing \"OPCLASS()\"\nmacro, but can more accurately determine what struct an op has been allocated as.  For\nexample \"OPCLASS()\" might return \"OABASEOPORUNOP\" indicating that ops of this type\nare usually allocated as an \"OP\" or \"UNOP\"; while \"opclass()\" will return\n\"OPclassBASEOP\" or \"OPclassUNOP\" as appropriate.\n\n•   All parts of the internals now agree that the \"sassign\" op is a \"BINOP\"; previously it\nwas listed as a \"BASEOP\" in regen/opcodes, which meant that several parts of the\ninternals had to be special-cased to accommodate it.  This oddity's original motivation\nwas to handle code like \"$x ||= 1\"; that is now handled in a simpler way.\n\n•   The output format of the \"opdump()\" function (as used by \"perl -Dx\") has changed: it now\ndisplays an \"ASCII-art\" tree structure, and shows more low-level details about each op,\nsuch as its address and class.\n\n•   The \"PADOFFSET\" type has changed from being unsigned to signed, and several pad-related\nvariables such as \"PLpadix\" have changed from being of type \"I32\" to type \"PADOFFSET\".\n\n•   The \"DEBUGGING\"-mode output for regex compilation and execution has been enhanced.\n\n•   Several obscure SV flags have been eliminated, sometimes along with the macros which\nmanipulate them: \"SVpbmVALID\", \"SVpbmTAIL\", \"SvTAILon\", \"SvTAILoff\", \"SVreplEVAL\",\n\"SvEVALED\".\n\n•   An OP \"opprivate\" flag has been eliminated: \"OPpRUNTIME\". This used to often get set on\n\"PMOP\" ops, but had become meaningless over time.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Selected Bug Fixes",
                        "content": "•   Perl no longer panics when switching into some locales on machines with buggy \"strxfrm()\"\nimplementations in their libc.  [GH #13768] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/13768>\n\n•   \" $-{$name} \" would leak an \"AV\" on each access if the regular expression had no named\ncaptures.  The same applies to access to any hash tied with Tie::Hash::NamedCapture and\n\"all => 1\".  [GH #15882] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15882>\n\n•   Attempting to use the deprecated variable $# as the object in an indirect object method\ncall could cause a heap use after free or buffer overflow.  [GH #15599]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15599>\n\n•   When checking for an indirect object method call, in some rare cases the parser could\nreallocate the line buffer but then continue to use pointers to the old buffer.  [GH\n#15585] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15585>\n\n•   Supplying a glob as the format argument to \"formline\" would cause an assertion failure.\n[GH #15862] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15862>\n\n•   Code like \" $value1 =~ qr/.../ ~~ $value2 \" would have the match converted into a \"qr//\"\noperator, leaving extra elements on the stack to confuse any surrounding expression.  [GH\n#15859] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15859>\n\n•   Since v5.24 in some obscure cases, a regex which included code blocks from multiple\nsources (e.g., via embedded via \"qr//\" objects) could end up with the wrong current pad\nand crash or give weird results.  [GH #15657]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15657>\n\n•   Occasionally \"local()\"s in a code block within a patterns weren't being undone when the\npattern matching backtracked over the code block.  [GH #15056]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15056>\n\n•   Using \"substr()\" to modify a magic variable could access freed memory in some cases.  [GH\n#15871] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15871>\n\n•   Under \"use utf8\", the entire source code is now checked for being UTF-8 well formed, not\njust quoted strings as before.  [GH #14973] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14973>.\n\n•   The range operator \"..\" on strings now handles its arguments correctly when in the scope\nof the \"unicodestrings\" feature.  The previous behaviour was sufficiently unexpected\nthat we believe no correct program could have made use of it.\n\n•   The \"split\" operator did not ensure enough space was allocated for its return value in\nscalar context.  It could then write a single pointer immediately beyond the end of the\nmemory block allocated for the stack.  [GH #15749]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15749>\n\n•   Using a large code point with the \"W\" pack template character with the current output\nposition aligned at just the right point could cause a write of a single zero byte\nimmediately beyond the end of an allocated buffer.  [GH #15572]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15572>\n\n•   Supplying a format's picture argument as part of the format argument list where the\npicture specifies modifying the argument could cause an access to the new freed compiled\nformat.  [GH #15566] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15566>\n\n•   The sort() operator's built-in numeric comparison function didn't handle large integers\nthat weren't exactly representable by a double.  This now uses the same code used to\nimplement the \"<=>\" operator.  [GH #15768] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15768>\n\n•   Fix issues with \"/(?{ ... <<EOF })/\" that broke Method::Signatures.  [GH #15779]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15779>\n\n•   Fixed an assertion failure with \"chop\" and \"chomp\", which could be triggered by \"chop(@x\n=~ tr/1/1/)\".  [GH #15738] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15738>.\n\n•   Fixed a comment skipping error in patterns under \"/x\"; it could stop skipping a byte\nearly, which could be in the middle of a UTF-8 character.  [GH #15790]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15790>.\n\n•   perldb now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems.  [GH #12244]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/12244>;\n\n•   Fix assertion failure for \"{}->$x\" when $x isn't defined.  [GH #15791]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15791>.\n\n•   Fix an assertion error which could be triggered when a lookahead string in patterns\nexceeded a minimum length.  [GH #15796] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15796>.\n\n•   Only warn once per literal number about a misplaced \"\".  [GH #9989]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/9989>.\n\n•   The \"tr///\" parse code could be looking at uninitialized data after a perse error.  [GH\n#15624] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15624>.\n\n•   In a pattern match, a back-reference (\"\\1\") to an unmatched capture could read back\nbeyond the start of the string being matched.  [GH #15634]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15634>.\n\n•   \"use re 'strict'\" is supposed to warn if you use a range (such as \"/(?[ [ X-Y ] ])/\")\nwhose start and end digit aren't from the same group of 10.  It didn't do that for five\ngroups of mathematical digits starting at \"U+1D7E\".\n\n•   A sub containing a \"forward\" declaration with the same name (e.g., \"sub c { sub c; }\")\ncould sometimes crash or loop infinitely.  [GH #15557]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15557>\n\n•   A crash in executing a regex with a non-anchored UTF-8 substring against a target string\nthat also used UTF-8 has been fixed.  [GH #15628]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15628>\n\n•   Previously, a shebang line like \"#!perl -i u\" could be erroneously interpreted as\nrequesting the \"-u\" option.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15623]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15623>\n\n•   The regex engine was previously producing incorrect results in some rare situations when\nbacktracking past an alternation that matches only one thing; this showed up as capture\nbuffers ($1, $2, etc.) erroneously containing data from regex execution paths that\nweren't actually executed for the final match.  [GH #15666]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15666>\n\n•   Certain regexes making use of the experimental \"regexsets\" feature could trigger an\nassertion failure.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15620]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15620>\n\n•   Invalid assignments to a reference constructor (e.g., \"\\eval=time\") could sometimes crash\nin addition to giving a syntax error.  [GH #14815]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14815>\n\n•   The parser could sometimes crash if a bareword came after \"evalbytes\".  [GH #15586]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15586>\n\n•   Autoloading via a method call would warn erroneously (\"Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-\nmethod\") if there was a stub present in the package into which the invocant had been\nblessed.  The warning is no longer emitted in such circumstances.  [GH #9094]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/9094>\n\n•   The use of \"splice\" on arrays with non-existent elements could cause other operators to\ncrash.  [GH #15577] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15577>\n\n•   A possible buffer overrun when a pattern contains a fixed utf8 substring.  [GH #15534]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15534>\n\n•   Fixed two possible use-after-free bugs in perl's lexer.  [GH #15549]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15549>\n\n•   Fixed a crash with \"s///l\" where it thought it was dealing with UTF-8 when it wasn't.\n[GH #15543] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15543>\n\n•   Fixed a place where the regex parser was not setting the syntax error correctly on a\nsyntactically incorrect pattern.  [GH #15565]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15565>\n\n•   The \"&.\" operator (and the \"&\" operator, when it treats its arguments as strings) were\nfailing to append a trailing null byte if at least one string was marked as utf8\ninternally.  Many code paths (system calls, regexp compilation) still expect there to be\na null byte in the string buffer just past the end of the logical string.  An assertion\nfailure was the result.  [GH #15606] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15606>\n\n•   Avoid a heap-after-use error in the parser when creating an error messge for a\nsyntactically invalid heredoc.  [GH #15527] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15527>\n\n•   Fix a segfault when run with \"-DC\" options on DEBUGGING builds.  [GH #15563]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15563>\n\n•   Fixed the parser error handling in subroutine attributes for an '\":attr(foo\"' that does\nnot have an ending '\")\"'.\n\n•   Fix the perl lexer to correctly handle a backslash as the last char in quoted-string\ncontext. This actually fixed two bugs, [GH #15546]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15546> and [GH #15582]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15582>.\n\n•   In the API function \"gvfetchmethodpvnflags\", rework separator parsing to prevent\npossible string overrun with an invalid \"len\" argument.  [GH #15598]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15598>\n\n•   Problems with in-place array sorts: code like \"@a = sort { ... } @a\", where the source\nand destination of the sort are the same plain array, are optimised to do less copying\naround.  Two side-effects of this optimisation were that the contents of @a as seen by\nsort routines were partially sorted; and under some circumstances accessing @a during the\nsort could crash the interpreter.  Both these issues have been fixed, and Sort functions\nsee the original value of @a.  [GH #15387] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15387>\n\n•   Non-ASCII string delimiters are now reported correctly in error messages for unterminated\nstrings.  [GH #15469] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15469>\n\n•   \"pack(\"p\", ...)\" used to emit its warning (\"Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value\")\nerroneously in some cases, but has been fixed.\n\n•   @DB::args is now exempt from \"used once\" warnings.  The warnings only occurred under -w,\nbecause warnings.pm itself uses @DB::args multiple times.\n\n•   The use of built-in arrays or hash slices in a double-quoted string no longer issues a\nwarning (\"Possible unintended interpolation...\") if the variable has not been mentioned\nbefore.  This affected code like \"qq|@DB::args|\" and \"qq|@SIG{'CHLD', 'HUP'}|\".  (The\nspecial variables \"@-\" and \"@+\" were already exempt from the warning.)\n\n•   \"gethostent\" and similar functions now perform a null check internally, to avoid crashing\nwith the torsocks library.  This was a regression from v5.22.  [GH #15478]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15478>\n\n•   \"defined *{'!'}\", \"defined *{'['}\", and \"defined *{'-'}\" no longer leak memory if the\ntypeglob in question has never been accessed before.\n\n•   Mentioning the same constant twice in a row (which is a syntax error) no longer fails an\nassertion under debugging builds.  This was a regression from v5.20.  [GH #15017]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15017>\n\n•   Many issues relating to \"printf \"%a\"\" of hexadecimal floating point were fixed.  In\naddition, the \"subnormals\" (formerly known as \"denormals\") floating point numbers are now\nsupported both with the plain IEEE 754 floating point numbers (64-bit or 128-bit) and the\nx86 80-bit \"extended precision\".  Note that subnormal hexadecimal floating point literals\nwill give a warning about \"exponent underflow\".  [GH #15495]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15495> [GH #15503]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15503> [GH #15504]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15504> [GH #15505]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15505> [GH #15510]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15510> [GH #15512]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15512>\n\n•   A regression in v5.24 with \"tr/\\N{U+...}/foo/\" when the code point was between 128 and\n255 has been fixed.  [GH #15475] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15475>.\n\n•   Use of a string delimiter whose code point is above 231 now works correctly on\nplatforms that allow this.  Previously, certain characters, due to truncation, would be\nconfused with other delimiter characters with special meaning (such as \"?\" in \"m?...?\"),\nresulting in inconsistent behaviour.  Note that this is non-portable, and is based on\nPerl's extension to UTF-8, and is probably not displayable nor enterable by any editor.\n[GH #15477] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15477>\n\n•   \"@{x\" followed by a newline where \"x\" represents a control or non-ASCII character no\nlonger produces a garbled syntax error message or a crash.  [GH #15518]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15518>\n\n•   An assertion failure with \"%: = 0\" has been fixed.  [GH #15358]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15358>\n\n•   In Perl 5.18, the parsing of \"$foo::$bar\" was accidentally changed, such that it would be\ntreated as \"$foo.\"::\".$bar\".  The previous behavior, which was to parse it as \"$foo:: .\n$bar\", has been restored.  [GH #15408] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15408>\n\n•   Since Perl 5.20, line numbers have been off by one when perl is invoked with the -x\nswitch.  This has been fixed.  [GH #15413] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15413>\n\n•   Vivifying a subroutine stub in a deleted stash (e.g., \"delete $My::{\"Foo::\"};\n\\&My::Foo::foo\") no longer crashes.  It had begun crashing in Perl 5.18.  [GH #15420]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15420>\n\n•   Some obscure cases of subroutines and file handles being freed at the same time could\nresult in crashes, but have been fixed.  The crash was introduced in Perl 5.22.  [GH\n#15435] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15435>\n\n•   Code that looks for a variable name associated with an uninitialized value could cause an\nassertion failure in cases where magic is involved, such as $ISA[0][0].  This has now\nbeen fixed.  [GH #15364] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15364>\n\n•   A crash caused by code generating the warning \"Subroutine STASH::NAME redefined\" in cases\nsuch as \"sub P::f{} undef *P::; *P::f =sub{};\" has been fixed.  In these cases, where the\nSTASH is missing, the warning will now appear as \"Subroutine NAME redefined\".  [GH\n#15368] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15368>\n\n•   Fixed an assertion triggered by some code that handles deprecated behavior in formats,\ne.g., in cases like this:\n\nformat STDOUT =\n@\n0\"$x\"\n\n[GH #15366] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15366>\n\n•   A possible divide by zero in string transformation code on Windows has been avoided,\nfixing a crash when collating an empty string.  [GH #15439]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15439>\n\n•   Some regular expression parsing glitches could lead to assertion failures with regular\nexpressions such as \"/(?<=/\" and \"/(?<!/\".  This has now been fixed.  [GH #15332]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15332>\n\n•   \" until ($x = 1) { ... } \" and \" ... until $x = 1 \" now properly warn when syntax\nwarnings are enabled.  [GH #15138] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15138>\n\n•   socket() now leaves the error code returned by the system in $! on failure.  [GH #15383]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15383>\n\n•   Assignment variants of any bitwise ops under the \"bitwise\" feature would crash if the\nleft-hand side was an array or hash.  [GH #15346]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15346>\n\n•   \"require\" followed by a single colon (as in \"foo() ? require : ...\" is now parsed\ncorrectly as \"require\" with implicit $, rather than \"require \"\"\".  [GH #15380]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15380>\n\n•   Scalar \"keys %hash\" can now be assigned to consistently in all scalar lvalue contexts.\nPreviously it worked for some contexts but not others.\n\n•   List assignment to \"vec\" or \"substr\" with an array or hash for its first argument used to\nresult in crashes or \"Can't coerce\" error messages at run time, unlike scalar assignment,\nwhich would give an error at compile time.  List assignment now gives a compile-time\nerror, too.  [GH #15370] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15370>\n\n•   Expressions containing an \"&&\" or \"||\" operator (or their synonyms \"and\" and \"or\") were\nbeing compiled incorrectly in some cases.  If the left-hand side consisted of either a\nnegated bareword constant or a negated \"do {}\" block containing a constant expression,\nand the right-hand side consisted of a negated non-foldable expression, one of the\nnegations was effectively ignored.  The same was true of \"if\" and \"unless\" statement\nmodifiers, though with the left-hand and right-hand sides swapped.  This long-standing\nbug has now been fixed.  [GH #15285] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15285>\n\n•   \"reset\" with an argument no longer crashes when encountering stash entries other than\nglobs.  [GH #15314] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15314>\n\n•   Assignment of hashes to, and deletion of, typeglobs named *:::::: no longer causes\ncrashes.  [GH #15307] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15307>\n\n•   Perl wasn't correctly handling true/false values in the LHS of a list assign;\nspecifically the truth values returned by boolean operators.  This could trigger an\nassertion failure in something like the following:\n\nfor ($x > $y) {\n($, ...) = (...); # here $ is aliased to a truth value\n}\n\nThis was a regression from v5.24.  [GH #15690]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15690>\n\n•   Assertion failure with user-defined Unicode-like properties.  [GH #15696]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15696>\n\n•   Fix error message for unclosed \"\\N{\" in a regex.  An unclosed \"\\N{\" could give the wrong\nerror message: \"\\N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer\".\n\n•   List assignment in list context where the LHS contained aggregates and where there were\nnot enough RHS elements, used to skip scalar lvalues.  Previously, \"(($a,$b,@c,$d) =\n(1))\" in list context returned \"($a)\"; now it returns \"($a,$b,$d)\".  \"(($a,$b,$c) = (1))\"\nis unchanged: it still returns \"($a,$b,$c)\".  This can be seen in the following:\n\nsub inc { $++ for @ }\ninc(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (10))\n\nFormerly, the values of \"($a,$b,$d)\" would be left as \"(11,undef,undef)\"; now they are\n\"(11,1,1)\".\n\n•   Code like this: \"/(?{ s!!! })/\" could trigger infinite recursion on the C stack (not the\nnormal perl stack) when the last successful pattern in scope is itself.  We avoid the\nsegfault by simply forbidding the use of the empty pattern when it would resolve to the\ncurrently executing pattern.  [GH #15669] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15669>\n\n•   Avoid reading beyond the end of the line buffer in perl's lexer when there's a short\nUTF-8 character at the end.  [GH #15531] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15531>\n\n•   Alternations in regular expressions were sometimes failing to match a utf8 string against\na utf8 alternate.  [GH #15680] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15680>\n\n•   Make \"do \"a\\0b\"\" fail silently (and return \"undef\" and set $!)  instead of throwing an\nerror.  [GH #15676] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15676>\n\n•   \"chdir\" with no argument didn't ensure that there was stack space available for returning\nits result.  [GH #15569] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15569>\n\n•   All error messages related to \"do\" now refer to \"do\"; some formerly claimed to be from\n\"require\" instead.\n\n•   Executing \"undef $x\" where $x is tied or magical no longer incorrectly blames the\nvariable for an uninitialized-value warning encountered by the tied/magical code.\n\n•   Code like \"$x = $x . \"a\"\" was incorrectly failing to yield a use of uninitialized value\nwarning when $x was a lexical variable with an undefined value. That has now been fixed.\n[GH #15269] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15269>\n\n•   \"undef *; shift\" or \"undef *; pop\" inside a subroutine, with no argument to \"shift\" or\n\"pop\", began crashing in Perl 5.14, but has now been fixed.\n\n•   \"string$scalar->$*\" now correctly prefers concatenation overloading to string overloading\nif \"$scalar->$*\" returns an overloaded object, bringing it into consistency with\n$$scalar.\n\n•   \"/@0{0*->@*/*0\" and similar contortions used to crash, but no longer do, but merely\nproduce a syntax error.  [GH #15333] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15333>\n\n•   \"do\" or \"require\" with an argument which is a reference or typeglob which, when\nstringified, contains a null character, started crashing in Perl 5.20, but has now been\nfixed.  [GH #15337] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15337>\n\n•   Improve the error message for a missing \"tie()\" package/method. This brings the error\nmessages in line with the ones used for normal method calls.\n\n•   Parsing bad POSIX charclasses no longer leaks memory.  [GH #15382]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15382>\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Known Problems",
                        "content": "•   G++ 6 handles subnormal (denormal) floating point values differently than gcc 6 or g++ 5\nresulting in \"flush-to-zero\". The end result is that if you specify very small values\nusing the hexadecimal floating point format, like \"0x1.fffffffffffffp-1022\", they become\nzeros.  [GH #15990] <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/15990>\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Errata From Previous Releases",
                        "content": "•   Fixed issues with recursive regexes.  The behavior was fixed in Perl 5.24.  [GH #14935]\n<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/14935>\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Obituary": {
                "content": "Jon Portnoy (AVENJ), a prolific Perl author and admired Gentoo community member, has passed\naway on August 10, 2016.  He will be remembered and missed by all those who he came in\ncontact with, and enriched with his intellect, wit, and spirit.\n\nIt is with great sadness that we also note Kip Hampton's passing.  Probably best known as the\nauthor of the Perl & XML column on XML.com, he was a core contributor to AxKit, an XML server\nplatform that became an Apache Foundation project.  He was a frequent speaker in the early\ndays at OSCON, and most recently at YAPC::NA in Madison.  He was frequently on irc.perl.org\nas ubu, generally in the #axkit-dahut community, the group responsible for YAPC::NA Asheville\nin 2011.\n\nKip and his constant contributions to the community will be greatly missed.\n",
                "subsections": []
            },
            "Acknowledgements": {
                "content": "Perl 5.26.0 represents approximately 13 months of development since Perl 5.24.0 and contains\napproximately 360,000 lines of changes across 2,600 files from 86 authors.\n\nExcluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were approximately\n230,000 lines of changes to 1,800 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.\n\nPerl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and\ndevelopers.  The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became\nPerl 5.26.0:\n\nAaron Crane, Abigail, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Alex Vandiver, Andreas König, Andreas Voegele,\nAndrew Fresh, Andy Lester, Aristotle Pagaltzis, Chad Granum, Chase Whitener, Chris 'BinGOs'\nWilliams, Chris Lamb, Christian Hansen, Christian Millour, Colin Newell, Craig A. Berry,\nDagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, Dan Collins, Daniel Dragan, Dave Cross, Dave Rolsky, David Golden,\nDavid H.  Gutteridge, David Mitchell, Dominic Hargreaves, Doug Bell, E. Choroba, Ed Avis,\nFather Chrysostomos, François Perrad, Hauke D, H.Merijn Brand, Hugo van der Sanden, Ivan\nPozdeev, James E Keenan, James Raspass, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Jerry D. Hedden, Jim Cromie, J.\nNick Koston, John Lightsey, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Leon Timmermans, Lukas Mai,\nMatthew Horsfall, Maxwell Carey, Misty De Meo, Neil Bowers, Nicholas Clark, Nicolas R., Niko\nTyni, Pali, Paul Marquess, Peter Avalos, Petr Písař, Pino Toscano, Rafael Garcia-Suarez,\nReini Urban, Renee Baecker, Ricardo Signes, Richard Levitte, Rick Delaney, Salvador Fandiño,\nSamuel Thibault, Sawyer X, Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni, Sergey Aleynikov, Shlomi Fish,\nSmylers, Stefan Seifert, Steffen Müller, Stevan Little, Steve Hay, Steven Humphrey, Sullivan\nBeck, Theo Buehler, Thomas Sibley, Todd Rinaldo, Tomasz Konojacki, Tony Cook, Unicode\nConsortium, Yaroslav Kuzmin, Yves Orton, Zefram.\n\nThe list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version\ncontrol history.  In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated)\ncontributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.\n\nMany of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in\nPerl's core.  We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.\n\nFor a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS\nfile in the Perl source distribution.\n",
                "subsections": [
                    {
                        "name": "Reporting Bugs",
                        "content": "If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the perl bug database at\n<https://rt.perl.org/>.  There may also be information at <http://www.perl.org/>, the Perl\nHome Page.\n\nIf you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your\nrelease.  Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case.  Your bug report,\nalong with the output of \"perl -V\", will be sent off to \"perlbug@perl.org\" to be analysed by\nthe Perl porting team.\n\nIf the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it inappropriate to send to\na publicly archived mailing list, then see \"SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION\" in\nperlsec for details of how to report the issue.\n"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Give Thanks",
                        "content": "If you wish to thank the Perl 5 Porters for the work we had done in Perl 5, you can do so by\nrunning the \"perlthanks\" program:\n\nperlthanks\n\nThis will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of thanks.\n"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SEE ALSO": {
                "content": "The Changes file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on what changed.\n\nThe INSTALL file for how to build Perl.\n\nThe README file for general stuff.\n\nThe Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.\n\n\n\nperl v5.34.0                                 2025-07-25                             PERL5260DELTA(1)",
                "subsections": []
            }
        }
    }
}