{
    "mode": "man",
    "parameter": "NN",
    "section": "1",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/NN/1/json",
    "generated": "2026-06-16T18:00:13Z",
    "synopsis": "nn [ options ] [ newsgroup  |  +folder  |  file ]...\nnn -g [ -r ]\nnn -a0 [ newsgroup ]...",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "nn - efficient net news interface (No News is good news)\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SYNOPSIS": {
            "content": "nn [ options ] [ newsgroup  |  +folder  |  file ]...\nnn -g [ -r ]\nnn -a0 [ newsgroup ]...\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "Net news is a world-wide information exchange service covering numerous topics in science and\nevery day life.  Topics are organized in news groups, and these groups are open for everybody\nto post articles on a subject related to the topic of the group.\n\nNn  is  a `point-and-shoot' net news interface program, or a news reader for short (not to be\nconfused with the human news reader).  When you use nn, you can decide which of the many news\ngroups  you are interested in, and you can unsubscribe to those which don't interest you.  nn\nwill let you read the new (and old) articles in each of the groups you subscribe to  using  a\nmenu based article selection prior to reading the articles in the news group.\n\nWhen  a news group is entered, nn will locate all the presently unread articles in the group,\nand extract their sender, subject, and other relevant information.  This information is  then\nrearranged,  sorted,  and marked in various ways to give it a pleasant format when it is pre‐\nsented on the screen.\n\nThis will be done very quickly, because nn uses the NOV database via the NNTP XOVER  command.\nThe  news  server to use can be overridden by setting the environment variable $NNTPSERVER to\nthe name of the system (such as news.newserver.com), or by setting the  variable  nntp-server\n(on  the  command  line  only,  since  it  is  looked  at  before  the  init file), as \"nntp-\nserver=news.some.domain\").  If you use multiple servers, you probably want to set the  nn-di‐\nrectory and newsrc variables on the command line to an alternate names as well, since some of\nthe data files are server dependent.  If you are using a slow tcp link (such as  ppp  over  a\nmodem) and NNTP, see the NOTES section at the end of this manual.\n\nWhen  the article menu appears on the screen, nn will be in a mode called selection mode.  In\nthis mode, the articles which seems to be interesting can be selected  by  single  keystrokes\n(using  the  keys  a-z  and 0-9).  When all the interesting articles among the ones presently\ndisplayed have been selected, the space bar is hit, which causes nn to enter reading mode.\n\nIn reading mode, each of the selected articles will be presented.  You use the space  bar  to\ngo  on to the next page of the current article, or to the next article.  Of course, there are\nall sorts of commands to scroll text up and down, skip to the next article, responding to  an\narticle, decrypt an article, and so on.\n\nWhen all the selected articles in the current group have been read, the last hit on the space\nbar will cause nn will continue to the next group with unread articles, and  enter  selection\nmode on that group.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FREQUENTLY USED OPTIONS": {
            "content": "nn  accepts  a lot of command line options, but here only the frequently used options are de‐\nscribed.  Options can also be set permanently by including appropriate variable  settings  in\nthe  init file described later.  All options are described in the section on Command Line Op‐\ntions towards the end of this manual.\n\nThe frequently used command line options are:\n\n-a0    Catch up on unread articles and groups.  See the section \"Catch up\" below.\n\n-g     Prompt for the name of a news group or folder to be entered (with completion).\n\n-r     Used with -g to repeatedly prompt for groups to enter.\n\n-lN    Print only the first N lines of the first page of each  article  before  prompting  to\ncontinue.   This  is  useful  on  slow terminals and modem lines to be able to see the\nfirst few lines of longer articles.\n\n-sWORD Collect only articles which contain the string WORD in  their  subject  (case  is  ig‐\nnored).   This is normally combined with the -x and -m options to find all articles on\na specific subject.\n\n-s/regexp\nCollect only articles whose subject matches the regular expression  regexp.   This  is\nnormally  combined  with the -x and -m options to find all articles on a specific sub‐\nject.\n\n-nWORD or -n/regexp\nSame as -s except that it matches on the sender's name instead of the  article's  sub‐\nject.   This is normally combined with the -x and -m options to find all articles from\na specific author.  It cannot be mixed with the -s option!\n\n-i     Normally searches with -n and -s are case independent.  Using this  option,  the  case\nbecomes significant.\n\n-m     Merge  all articles into one `meta group' instead of showing them one group at a time.\nThis is normally used together with the -x and -s options to get all the articles on a\nspecific  subject  presented  on  a single menu (when you don't care about which group\nthey belong to).  When -m is used, no articles will be marked as read.\n\n-x[N]  Present (or scan) all (or the last N) unread as well as read articles.  When this  op‐\ntion  is  used,  nn  will  never mark unread articles as read (i.e. .newsrc is not up‐\ndated).\n\n-X     Read/scan unsubscribed groups also.  Most useful when looking for a  specific  subject\nin all groups, e.g.\nnn -mxX -sSubject all\n\nnews.group  or  file  or  +folder\nIf none of these arguments are given, all subscribed news groups will be used.  Other‐\nwise, only the specified news groups and/or files will be collected and presented.  In\nspecifying a news groups, the following `meta notation' can be used:\nIf the news group ends with a `.' (or `.all'), all subgroups of the news group will be\ncollected, e.g.\ncomp.sources.\nIf a news group starts with a `.' (or `all.'), all the matching subgroups will be col‐\nlected, e.g.\n.sources.unix\nThe argument `all' identifies all (subscribed) news groups.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "COMMAND INPUT": {
            "content": "In  general,  nn  commands  consist of one or two key-strokes, and nn reacts instantly to the\ncommands you give it; you don't have to enter return after each command (except where explic‐\nitly stated).\n\nSome commands have more serious effects than others, and therefore nn requests you to confirm\nthe command.  You confirm by hitting the the y key, and reject by hitting the  n  key.   Some\n`trivial'  requests  may  also be confirmed simply by hitting space.  For example, to confirm\nthe creation of a save file, just hit space, but if one or more directories also have  to  be\ncreated, you must enter y.\n\nMany  commands  will  require that you enter a line of text, e.g. a file name or a shell com‐\nmand.  If you enter space as the first character on a line, the line will be  filled  with  a\ndefault  value  (if  one  is defined).  For example, the default value for a file name is the\nlast file name you have entered, and the default shell command is your  previous  shell  com‐\nmand.   You can edit this default value as well as a directly typed text, using the following\nediting commands.  The erase, kill, and interrupt keys are the keys defined  by  the  current\ntty  settings.  On systems without job control, the suspend key will be control-Z while it is\nthe current suspend character on system with job control.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "erase",
                    "content": "Delete the last character on the line.\n\ndelete-word   (normally ^W)\nDelete the last word or component of the input.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "kill",
                    "content": "Delete all characters on the line.\n\ninterrupt  and  control-G\nCancel the command which needs the input.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "suspend",
                    "content": "Suspend nn if supported by the system.  Otherwise, spawn an interactive shell.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "return",
                    "content": "Terminate the line, and continue with the command.\n\nRelated variables: erase-key, flow-control, flush-typeahead, help-key, kill-key, word-key.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "BASIC COMMANDS": {
            "content": "There are numerous commands in nn, and most of them can be invoked  by  a  single  keystroke.\nThe  descriptions  in  this  manual are based on the standard bindings of the commands to the\nkeys, but it is possible to customize these using the map command described later.  For  each\nof  the keystroke commands described in this manual, the corresponding command name will also\nbe shown in curly braces, e.g. {command}.\n\nThe following commands work in both selection mode and in  reading  mode.   The  notation  ^X\nmeans `control X':\n\n?    {help}\nHelp.  Gives a one page overview of the commands available in the current mode.\n\n^L   {redraw}\nRedraw screen.\n\n^R   {redraw}\nRedraw screen (Same as ^L).\n\n^P   {message}\nRepeat  the  last  message  shown on the message line.  The command can be repeated to\nsuccessively show previous messages (the maximum number  of  saved  messages  is  con‐\ntrolled via the message-history variable.)\n\n!    {shell}\nShell  escape.   The user is prompted for a command which is executed by your favorite\nshell (see the shell variable).  Shell escapes are described in detail later on.\n\nQ    {quit}\nQuit nn.  When you use this command, you neither lose unread articles in  the  current\ngroup  nor  the selections you might have made (unless the articles are expired in the\nmeantime of course).\n\nV    {version}\nPrint release and version information.\n\n:command  {command}\nExecute the command by name.  This form can be used to invoke any  of  nn's  commands,\nalso  those which cannot be bound to a key (such as :coredump), or those which are not\nbound to a key by default (such as post and unshar).\n\nRelated and basic variables: backup, backup-suffix, confirm-auto-quit, expert, mail, message-\nhistory, new-group-action, newsrc, quick-count.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SELECTION MODE": {
            "content": "In selection mode, the screen is divided into four parts: the header line showing the name of\nthe news group and the number of articles, the menu lines which show the collected articles -\none article per line, the prompt line where you enter commands, and the message line where nn\nprints various messages to you.\n\nEach menu line begins with an article id which is a unique letter (or digit  if  your  screen\ncan  show  more than 26 menu lines).  To select an articles for reading, you simply enter the\ncorresponding id, and the menu line will be high-lighted to indicate that the article is  se‐\nlected.   When you have selected all the interesting articles on the present menu, you simply\nhit space.\n\nIf there are more articles collected for the current group than could  be  presented  on  one\nscreenful  of  text,  you will be presented with the next portion of articles to select from.\nWhen you have had the opportunity to select among all the  articles  in  the  group,  hitting\nspace will enter reading mode.\n\nIf  no  articles  have been selected in the current group, hitting space will enter selection\nmode on the next news group, or exit nn if the current group was the last news group with un‐\nread  articles. It is thus possible to go through ALL unread articles (without reading any of\nthem) just by hitting space a few times.\n\nThe articles will be presented on the menu using one of the following layouts:\n\n0:     x Name.........  Subject.............. +123\n\n1:     x Name.........   123  Subject..............\n\n2:     x 123  Subject...................................\n\n3:     x Subject...........................................\n\n4:     x    Subject........................................\n\nHere x is the letter or digit that must be entered to select the article, Name  is  the  real\nname  of  the  sender  (or the mail address if the real name cannot be found), Subject is the\ncontents of the \"Subject:\" line in the article, and 123 is the number of lines in  the  arti‐\ncle.\n\nLayout  0  and  1 are just two ways to present the same information, while layout 2 and 3 are\nintended for groups whose articles have very long subject lines, e.g. comp.sources.\n\nLayout 4 is a hybrid between layout 1 and 3.  It will normally use layout 1, but it will  use\nlayout  3  (with  a  little  indentation) for menu lines where the subject is longer than the\nspace available with layout 1.\n\nLayout 1 is the default layout, and an alternative menu line layout is selected using the  -L\noption  or  by  setting the layout variable.  Once nn is started the layout can be changed at\nany time using the \" key {layout}.\n\nThe Name is limited to 16 characters, and to make maximum use of this space, nn will  perform\na  series  of  simplifications on the name, e.g. changing first names into initials, removing\ndomain names from mail addresses (if the real name is not found) etc.  It does  a  good  job,\nbut  some  people  on  the  net put weird things into the From: field (or actually into their\npassword file) which result in nn producing quite cryptic, and sometimes funny \"names\".\n\nOne a usual 80 column terminal, the Subject is limited to about 60 characters (75  in  layout\n3) and is thus only an approximation to the actual subject line which may be much longer.  To\nget as much out of this space, Re: prefixes (in various forms) are recognized and replaced by\na single `>' character (see the re-layout variable).\n\nSince  articles  are sorted according to the subject, two or more adjacent articles may share\nthe same subject (ignoring any `>'s).  In this case, only the first  article  will  show  the\nsubject  of the article; the rest will only show the `>' character in the subject field (or a\n`-' if there is no `>' at the beginning of the line).  A typical menu  will  thus  only  show\neach subject once, saving a lot of time in scanning the news articles.\n\nIf  consolidated  menus  (see  section below) are enabled, adjacent articles sharing the same\nsubject will be shown with a single line on the menu corresponding to the first of the  arti‐\ncles.   The  number  of  articles with the same subject will be shown as a braketed number in\nfront of the subject, e.g. with layout 1:\nx Name.........   123  [4] Subject..............\nFor further information see the section on consolidated menus below.\n\nRelated variables: collapse-subject, columns, confirm-entry,  confirm-entry-limit,  entry-re‐\nport-limit, fsort, kill, layout, limit, lines, long-menu, re-layout, repeat, slow-mode, sort,\nsort-mode, split, subject-match-limit,  subject-match-offset,  subject-match-parts,  subject-\nmatch-minimum.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "ARTICLE ATTRIBUTES": {
            "content": "While  nn is running and between invocations, nn associates an attribute with each article on\nyour system.  These attributes are used to differentiate between read  and  unread  articles,\nselected  articles, articles marked for later treatment, etc.  Depending on how nn is config‐\nured, these attributes can be saved between invocations of nn, or some of them  may  only  be\nused while nn is running.\n\nThe  attribute  is shown on the menu using either a single character following the article id\nor by high-lighting the menu line, depending on the attribute and  the  capabilities  of  the\nterminal.   You  can  also  change the attributes to your own taste (see the attributes vari‐\nable).\n\nThe attribute of an article can be changed explicitly using the selection mode  commands  de‐\nscribed  below, or it will change automatically for example when you have read or saved a se‐\nlected article.  If a command may change any article attributes, it will be noted in the  de‐\nscription of the command.  The following descriptions of the attributes will only mention the\nmost important commands that may set (or preserve) the attribute.\n\nThe following attributes may be associated with an article:\n\nread   Menu attribute \".\" - indicates that the article has been  read  or  saved.   When  you\nleave the group, these articles will be marked permanently read, and are not presented\nthe next time you enter the group.\n\nseen   Menu attribute \",\" - indicates that the article is unread, but that it has  been  pre‐\nsented  on  a  menu.  Depending on how nn is configured, these articles will automati‐\ncally be marked read when you leave the group, they may remain seen, or they may  just\nbe  unread  the  next  time you enter the group (see the auto-junk-seen, confirm-junk-\nseen, and retain-seen-status variables).\nOnly the commands continue (space) and read-skip (X) will mark unread articles on  the\ncurrent  (or  all)  menu pages as seen when they are used.  Other commands that scroll\nthrough the menu pages or enter reading mode will let unread articles remain unread.\n\nunread Menu attribute \" \" - indicates an unread article.  These articles were unread when you\nentered  the  group,  and they may remain unread when you leave the group, unless they\nhave been marked seen by the command that you used to leave the group or enter reading\nmode.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "selected",
                    "content": "Menu  line high-lighted (or menu attribute \"*\") - indicates that you have selected the\narticle.  If you leave the group, the selected articles will remain selected the  next\ntime  you  enter the group.  When you have read a selected article, the attribute will\nautomatically change to read.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "auto-selected",
                    "content": "These articles have the same appearance as selected articles on the menu, and the only\ndifference is that these articles have been selected automatically via the auto-selec‐\ntion facility rather than manually by you.  Very few  commands  differentiate  between\nthese  attributes  and  if  they do, it is explicitly stated in this manual.  The main\ndifference is that these articles are only marked as unread when you leave  the  group\n(supposing  they will also be auto-selected the next the group is entered).  This sim‐\nplifies the house-keeping between invocations of nn.\n\nleave  Menu attribute \"+\" - indicates that the article is marked for later treatment  by  the\nleave-article  (l)  command.  These articles may be selected (on demand) when you have\nread all selected articles in a group.  However, if you do not select them then  imme‐\ndiately, they are stored as the leave-next attribute described below.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "leave-next",
                    "content": "Menu  attribute  \"=\" - indicates that the article is marked for later treatment by the\nleave-next (L) command.  This is a permanent attribute, which will remain on the arti‐\ncle until you either read the article, change the attribute, or it is expired.  So as‐\nsigning this attribute to an article will effectively keep  it  unread  until  you  do\nsomething.   If the variable select-leave-next is set, nn will ask whether these arti‐\ncles should be selected on entry to a group (but naturally, doing so will  change  the\nleave-next attribute to select).\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "cancelled",
                    "content": "Menu  attribute  \"#\"  - indicates that the article has been cancelled.  This is mainly\nuseful when tidying a folder; it is set by the cancel (C) command, and can be  cleared\nby any command that change attributes, e.g. you can select and deselect the article.\n\nkilled Menu attribute \"!\" - indicates that the article has been killed (e.g.  by the K {kill-\nselect} command).  Killed articles are immediately  removed  from  the  menu,  so  you\nshould not normally see articles with this attribute.  If you do, report it as a bug!\n\nThe  attributes  are  saved  in  two files: .newsrc (read articles) and .nn/select (other at‐\ntributes).  Plain unread articles are saved by not occurring in either of these files.   Both\nfiles are described in more detail later on.\n\nRelated variables: attributes, auto-junk-seen, confirm-junk-seen, retain-seen-status, select-\nleave-next.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "SELECTION MODE COMMANDS": {
            "content": "The primary purpose of the selection mode is of course to select the articles to be read, but\nnumerous  other commands may also be performed in this mode: saving of articles in files, re‐\nplying and following up on articles, mailing/forwarding articles, shell escapes etc.\n\nAs described above, the selected articles are marked either by showing the corresponding menu\nline  in  standout  mode (reverse video), or if the terminal does not have this capability by\nplacing an asterisk (*) after the selection letter or digit.\n\nMost commands which are used to select articles will work as toggle commands.  If the article\nis not already selected, the selectedattribute on the article(s), independent on the previous\nattribute.  Otherwise, the article(s) will be deselected and  marked  unread.   Consequently,\nany article can be marked unread simply be selecting and deselecting it.\n\nDuring  selection, the cursor will normally be placed on the article following the last arti‐\ncle whose attribute was changed (initially the first article).  The article  pointed  out  by\nthe  cursor  is  called  the current article, and the following commands work relative to the\ncurrent article and cursor position.\n\nabc...z 01..9  {article N}\nThe article with the given identification letter or digit is selected  or  deselected.\nThe  following  article becomes the current article.  If the variable auto-select-sub‐‐\nject is set, all articles with the same subject as the given article are selected.\n\n.    {select}\nSelect or deselect the current article and move the cursor to the next article.\n\n,    {line+1}\nMove the cursor to the next article.  You can use the down arrow as well.\n\n/    {line-1}\nMove cursor to previous article.  You can use the up arrow as well.\n\n*    {select-subject}\nSelect or deselect all articles with same subject as current article.  This will  work\nacross several menu pages if necessary.\n\n-x   {select-range}\nSelect  or  deselect the range of articles between the current article and the article\nspecified by x.  For example you can select all articles from e to k by simply  typing\ne-k.\n\nThe following commands may change the attributes on all articles on the current menu page, or\non all articles on all menu pages.\n\n@    {select-invert}\nReverse selections.  All selected articles on the current  page  are  deselected,  and\nvice-versa.  (Use the find command to select all articles.)\n\n~    {unselect-all}\nDeselect  all  auto-selected articles in the group (this works across all menu pages).\nIf the command is executed twice, the selected articles will also be deselected.\n\n+    {select-auto}\nPerform auto-selections in the group (see the section on \"auto kill/select\" below).\n\n=    {find}\nPrompts for a regular expression, and selects all articles on  the  menu  (all  pages)\nwhich  matches  the  regular  expression.   Depending on the variable select-on-sender\nmatching is performed against the subject (default) or the sender of the articles.  An\nempty answer (= return) will reuse the previous expression.  Example:  The command = .\nreturn will select all articles in the group.\n\nJ    {junk-articles}\nThis is a very versatile command which can be used to perform all sorts  of  attribute\nchanges, either on individual articles, all articles on the current menu page, all ar‐\nticles with a specific attribute, or all available articles.  To access all the  func‐\ntions  of this command, the J key may have to be hit up to four times, to loop through\ndifferent one-line menus.  The full functionality of the junk-articles command is  de‐\nscribed in a separate section below.\n\nL    {leave-next}\nThis  is  a  specialized  version  of the generic J {junk-articles} command to set the\nleave-next attribute on a subset of the articles on the menu.  It  is  also  described\nfurther below.\n\nThe following commands move between the pages belonging to the same news group when there are\nmore articles than will fit on a single page.  These commands will not change any article at‐\ntributes.\n\n>    {page+1}\nGoto next menu page.\n\n<    {page-1}\nGoto previous menu page, or to last menu page if on first menu page.\n\n$    {page=$}\nGoto last menu page.\n\n^    {page=1}\nGoto first menu page.\n\nThe  following commands are used to enter reading mode for the selected articles, and to move\nbetween news groups (in selection mode).  They may change article attributes if noted below.\n\nspace     {continue}\nContinue to next menu page, or if on last menu page, read the selected  articles.   If\nno  articles have been selected, continue to the next news group.  The unread articles\non the current menu page will automatically be marked seen.\n\nreturn    {continue-no-mark}\nIdentical to the continue command, except that the unread articles on the current menu\npage will remain unread.  (The newline key has the same effect).\n\nZ    {read-return}\nEnter  reading  mode immediately with the currently selected articles.  When all arti‐\ncles have been read, return to selection mode in the current group.  It will mark  se‐\nlected  articles  read  as they are read, but unread articles are not normally changed\n(can be controlled with the variable marked-by-read-return.)\n\nX    {read-skip}\nMark all unmarked articles seen on all menu pages (or the pages defined by the marked-\nby-read-skip variable), and enter reading mode immediately with the currently selected\narticles.  As the selected articles are read, they are marked read.  When all selected\narticles have been read, nn will enter selection mode in the next news group.  When no\narticles are selected, it goes directly to the next group.  This can be used  to  skip\nall  the  articles  in  a  large  news group without having to go through all the menu\npages.\n\nIf you don't want to read the current group now, but want to keep it for later, you  can  use\nthe  following  commands  which will only mark seen and read articles as read.  Currently se‐\nlected articles will still be selected the next time you enter the group.  None of these com‐\nmands will change any attributes themselves (by default).\n\nN    {next-group}\nGo forward to the next group in the presentation sequence.  If the variable marked-by-\nnext-group is set articles on the menu can optionally be marked seen\n\nP    {previous}\nGo back to the previous group.  This command will enter selection mode on the last ac‐\ntive group (two P commands in sequence will bring you to the current group).  If there\nare still some unread articles in the group, only those articles will be shown.   Oth‐\nerwise,  all  the  articles which were unread when nn was invoked will be shown marked\nwith the read attribute (which can be changed as usual).\n\nAs described in the \"Article Attributes\" section, the read and seen articles will normally be\nmarked  read when you leave the group, and these articles are not shown the next time you en‐\nter the group.\n\nIn all releases prior to release 6.4, it was impossible to  have  individual  articles  in  a\ngroup  marked  unread when you left a group, and the default behaviour of release 6.4 onwards\nwill closely match the traditional behaviour.  This means that the seen and read articles are\ntreated alike for most practical purposes with the default variable settings.\n\nIf  you  don't like nn to silently mark the seen articles read, you can set the variable con‐‐\nfirm-junk-seen to get nn to prompt you for confirmation before doing this, or you  can  unset\nthe  variable auto-junk-seen to simply keep the seen articles for the next time you enter the\ngroup.  You then have to use the J {junk-articles} to mark articles read.\n\nUsing return {continue-no-mark} will also allow you to keep articles unread rather than mark‐\ning  them  seen  when scrolling through the menu pages and entering reading mode.  If this is\nyour preferred reading style, you can remap space to this command.\n\nRelated variables: auto-junk-seen, auto-preview-mode, auto-select-subject,  case-fold-search,\nconfirm-auto-quit, confirm-entry, confirm-junk-seen, marked-by-next-group, marked-by-read-re‐\nturn, marked-by-read-skip, retain-seen-status, select-on-sender.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "CONSOLIDATED MENUS": {
            "content": "Normally, nn will use one menu line for each article, so if  there  are  many  articles  with\nidentical  subjects, each menu page will only contain a few different subjects.  To have each\nsubject occur only once on the menu, nn can operate with consolidated menus  by  setting  the\nvariable consolidated-menu.\n\nWhen consolidated menus are used, nn operates with two kinds of subjects: open and closed.\n\nAn  open  subject  is  a subject which is shown in the traditional way with one menu line for\neach article with the given subject.  In other words, when consolidated menus are  not  used,\nall subjects are open (by default).\n\nA  closed  subject is a multi-article subject which is presented by a single menu line.  This\nline will be the normal menu line for the first (oldest) article with the subject,  but  with\nthe  subject field annotated with a bracketed number showing the number of articles with that\nsubject, e.g.\na Kim F. Storm     12  [4] Future plans for nn\nb.Kim F. Storm     43  [3] More plans for nn\nIn this example, there are four unread articles with subject `a' of which the first is posted\nby  me  and has 12 lines.  The rest of the articles are hidden, and will only be shown on re‐\nquest.  The `.'  marker on subject `b' shows that all three articles within that subject have\nbeen read (or seen).\n\nTo  select  (or deselect) ALL the articles within a closed subject, simply select the article\nshown on the menu; this will automatically select (or deselect) the  rest  (see  auto-select-\nclosed).   When  all  the unread articles within a closed subject are selected, the menu line\nwill be high-lighted.\n\nIf you want to view the individual articles in a subject (maybe to  select  individual  arti‐\ncles), you can open the subject with the commands:\n\n(x     Open subject x on menu.\n\n((     Open current subject.\n\nWhen  you  have  completed  viewing the opened subject, you can close it again using the com‐\nmands:\n\n)x     Close subject x on menu (x is any article with the subject).\n\n))     Close current subject.\n\nIn the basic layout of the menu line for a closed subject as shown above, ALL articles in the\nclosed subject are supposed to be either:\n\nunread The menu line is not high-lighted.\n\nselected\nMenu line is fully high-lighted (if all UNREAD are selected).\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "read/seen",
                    "content": "There is a `.' (read attribute) following the article id.\n\nIf  neither  of these cases apply, i.e. there is a mixture of unread, selected, and seen/read\narticles, the bracketed number will have one of the following formats:\n\n[U:T]  There are U unread articles of T total (U<T).\n\n[S/T]  There are S selected articles of T total (S<U=T).\n\n[S/U:T]\nThere are S selected of U unread of T total (S<U<T).\n\nIf there are any selected articles (S>0), the information between the brackets will be  high-\nlighted (to show that something is selected, but not all the unread articles).\n\nNotice:  Consolidated menus only work with the `subject' and `lexical' sorting methods.\n\nVariables  related to consolidated menus are: auto-select-closed, consolidated-menu, counter-\ndelim-left, counter-delim-right, counter-padding, save-closed-mode.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "THE JUNK-ARTICLES AND LEAVE-NEXT COMMANDS": {
            "content": "The J {junk-articles} command is a very flexible command which can perform all sorts  of  at‐\ntribute  changes,  either  on individual articles, all articles on the current menu page, all\narticles with a specific attribute, or all available articles.\n\nTo access all the functions of this command, the J key may have to be hit up to  four  times,\nto loop through different one-line menus:\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "Mark Read",
                    "content": "This submenu allows you to mark articles read.\n\nUnmark This submenu allows you to mark articles unread.\n\nSelect This submenu allows you to select articles based on their attribute.\n\nKill   This  submenu  allows you to mark articles read and remove them from the menu based on\ntheir attribute.\n\nThe L {leave-next} command is an extension of the J command with a fifth menu:\n\nLeave  This menu allows you to mark articles for later handling with the leave-next attribute\nwhich  will keep the article unread until you explicitly change the attribute (e.g. by\nreading it) or it is expired.\n\nFor each of these submenus, nn will list the most plausible choices you may use, but  all  of\nthe  following  answers can be used at all submenus.  When you have entered a choice, nn will\nafterward ask whether the change should be made to all menu pages or only the current page.\n\nJ      Show next submenu.\n\nL      Change attribute on all leave articles.\n\nN      Change attribute on all leave-next articles.\n\nR      Change attribute on all read articles.\n\nS      Change attribute on all seen articles.\n\nU      Change attribute on all unmarked (i.e. unread) articles.\n\nA      Change attribute on all articles no matter their current attribute.\n\n*      Change attribute on all selected articles on the current page.\n\n+      Change attribute on all selected articles on all pages.\n\na-z0-9 Change attribute on one or more specific articles on the current page.   You  end  the\nlist of articles by a space or by using one of the other choices described above.\n\n.      Change attribute on current article.\n\n, /    Move the current article down or up the menu without changing any attributes.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "READING MODE COMMANDS": {
            "content": "In  reading  mode,  the  selected articles are presented one page at a time.  To get the next\npage of an article, simply hit space, and when you are on the last page of  an  article,  hit\nspace  to get to the next selected article.  Articles are normally marked read when you go to\nthe next article, while going back to the menu, quitting nn, etc. will retain  the  attribute\non the current article.\n\nWhen  you  are on the last page of the last article, hit space to enter selection mode on the\nnext group (or the current group if reading mode was entered using the Z command).\n\nTo read an article, the following text scrolling commands are available:\n\nspace     {continue}\nScroll one page forward or continue with the next article or group as described above.\n\nbackspace / delete  {page-1}\nGo one page backwards in article.\n\nd    {page+1/2}\nScroll one half page forward.\n\nu    {page-1/2}\nGo one half page backwards.\n\nreturn    {line+1}\nScroll one line forward in the article.\n\ntab  {skip-lines}\nSkip over lines starting with the same character as the last line on the current page.\nThis is useful to skip over included text or to the next file in a shell archive.\n\n^    {page=1}\nMove to the first page (excluding the header) of the article.\n\n$    {page=$}\nMove to the last page of the article.\n\ngN   {line=@}\nMove to line N in the article.\n\n/regexp   {find}\nSearch  forward  for text matching the regular expression regexp in the article.  If a\nmatching text is found, it will be high-lighted.\n\n.    {find-next}\nRepeat search for last regular expression.\n\nh    {page=0}\nShow the header of the article, and continue from the top of the article.\n\nH    {full-digest}\nIf the current article is extracted from a digest, show the entire digest article  in‐\ncluding its header.  Another H command will return to the current subarticle.\n\nD    {rot13}\nTurn  rot13 (caesar) decryption on and off for the current article, and redraw current\npage.  If the article is saved while it is decrypted on the screen, it will  be  saved\nin decrypted form as well!\n\nc    {compress}\nTurn  compression  on  and  off for the current article and redraw current page.  With\ncompression turned on, multiple spaces and tabs are shown as  a  single  space.   This\nmakes  it  much  easier to read right justified text which separate words with several\nspaces.  (See also the compress variable)\n\nThe following commands are used to move among the selected articles.\n\nn    {next-article}\nMove to next selected article.  This command skips the rest of  the  current  article,\nmarks  it  read, and jumps directly to the first page of the next selected article (or\nto the next group if it was the last selected article).\n\nl    {leave-article}\nMark the current article with the leave attribute and continue with the next  selected\narticle.   When  all  the selected articles in the current group have been read, these\nleft over articles can be automatically selected and shown once more, or the treatment\ncan be postponed to the next time you enter the group.\nThis  is  particularly useful if you see an article which you may want to respond to\nunless one the following articles is already saying what you intended to say.\n\nL    {leave-next}\nMark the current article with the leave-next attribute and continue with the next  se‐\nlected article.\n\np    {previous}\nGoto previous article.\n\nk    {next-subject}\nKill subject.  Skips rest of current article, and all following articles with the same\nsubject.  The skipped articles are marked read.  To kill a subject permanently use the\nK command.\n\n*    {select-subject}\nShow  next  article with same subject (even if it is not selected).  This command will\nselect all following articles with the same subject as the current article (similar to\nthe `*' command in selection mode).  This can be used to select only the first article\non a subject in selection mode, and then select all follow-ups in reading mode if  you\nfind the article interesting.\n\na    {advance-article}\nGoto the following article on the menu even if it is not selected.  This command skips\nthe rest of the current article and jumps directly to the first page of the next arti‐\ncle  (it will not skip to the next group if it is the last article).  The attribute on\nthe current article will be restored, except for the unread attribute  which  will  be\nchanged to seen.\n\nb    {back-article}\nGoto  the article before current article on the menu even if it is not selected.  This\nis similar to the a command, except for the direction.\n\nThe following commands perform an immediate return from reading mode to selection mode in the\ncurrent group or skip to the next group.\n\n=    {goto-menu}\nReturn  to selection mode in the current group (think of = as the \"icon\" of the selec‐\ntion menu).  The articles read so far will be marked read.\n\nN    {next-group}\nSkip the rest of the selected and unread articles in the current group and go directly\nto  the next group.  Only the read (and seen) articles in the current group are marked\nas read.\n\nX    {read-skip}\nMark all articles in the current group as read and go  directly  to  the  next  group.\n(You will be asked to confirm this command.)\n\nRelated  variables: case-fold-search, charset, compress, data-bits, date, header-lines, mark-\noverlap, monitor, overlap, scroll-clear-page, stop, trusted-escape-codes, wrap-header-margin.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "PREVIEWING ARTICLES IN SELECTION MODE": {
            "content": "In selection mode, it is possible to read a specific article on  the  menu  without  entering\nreading  mode  for all the selected articles on the menu.  Using the commands described below\nwill enter reading mode for one article only, and then return to the  menu  mode  immediately\nafter (depending on the setting of the preview-continuation variable).\n\nIf  there are more than 5 free lines at the bottom of the menu screen, nn will use that space\nto show the article (a minimal preview window can be permanently allocated  with  the  window\nvariable).  Otherwise, the screen will be cleared to show the article.\n\nAfter  previewing  an  article,  it will be marked read (if the preview-mark-read variable is\nset), and the following article will become the current article.\n\n%x   {preview}\nPreview article x.\n\n%%   {preview}\nPreview the current article.\n\nWhen the article is being shown, the following reading mode commands are very useful:\n\n=    {goto-menu}\nSkip the rest of the current article, and return to menu mode.\n\nn    {next-article}\nSkip the rest of the current article, and preview the next article.\n\nl    {leave-article}\nMark the article as selected (!) on the menu for handling later  on.   Then  skip  the\nrest of the current article, and preview the next article.\n\n%y   {preview}\nPreview article y .\n\nIf the variable auto-preview-mode is set, just hitting the article id in menu mode will enter\npreview mode on the specified article.\n\nRelated variables: auto-preview-mode,  min-window,  preview-continuation,  preview-mark-read,\nwindow.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SAVING ARTICLES": {
            "content": "The  following commands are used to save articles in files, unpack archives, decode binaries,\netc.  It is possible to use the commands in both reading mode to save the current article and\nin selection mode to save one or more articles on the menu.\n\nThe  saved articles will be appended to the specified file(s) followed by an empty line each.\nBoth files and directories will be created as needed.  When an article has been  saved  in  a\nfile, a message reporting the number of lines saved will be shown if the save-report variable\nis set (default on).\n\nS    {save-full}\nSave articles including the full article header.\n\nO    {save-short}\nSave articles with a short header containing only the name of the sender, the subject,\nand the posting date of the article.\n\nE    {save-header}\nSave only the header of the articles.\n\nW    {save-body}\nWrite article without a header.\n\n:print    {print}\nPrint article.  Instead of a file name, this command will prompt for the print command\nto which the current article will be piped.  The default print command is specified at\ncompile  time, but it can be changed by setting the printer variable.  The output will\nbe identical to that of the O command.\n\n:patch    {patch}\nSend articles through patch(1) (or the program defined in the patch-command variable).\nInstead  of a file name, you will be prompted for the name of a directory in which you\nwant the patch command to be executed.  nn will then pipe  the  body  of  the  article\nthrough the patch command.\nThe output from the patch process will be shown on the screen and also appended to a\nfile named Patch.Result in the patch directory.\n\n:unshar   {unshar}\nUnshar articles.  You will be prompted for the name of a directory in which  you  want\nnn  to  unshar  the  articles.  nn will then pipe the proper parts of the article body\ninto a Bourne Shell whose working directory will be set to the specified directory.\nDuring the unpacking, the normal output from the unshar process will appear  on  the\nscreen, and the menu or article text will be redrawn when the process is finished.\nThe output is also appended to a file named Unshar.Result in the unshar directory.\nThe  file  specified  in unshar-header-file (default \"Unshar.Headers\") in the unshar\ndirectory will contain the header and initial text (before the shar data) from the ar‐\nticle.  You can use the `G' {goto-group} command to look at the Unshar.Headers file.\n\n:decode   {decode}\nDecode  uuencoded  articles into binary files.  You will be prompted for the name of a\ndirectory in which you want nn to place the decoded binary files (the file  names  are\ntaken from the uuencoded data).\nnn  will  combine several articles into single files as needed, and you can even de‐\ncode unrelated packages (into the same directory) with one decode command.\nTo be able to decode a binary file which spans several articles, nn may have to  ig‐\nnore  lines  which fail the normal sanity checks on uuencoded data instead of treating\nthem as transmission errors.  Consequently, it is strongly recommended  to  check  the\nresulting  decoded file using the checksum which is normally contained in the original\narticle.  (Actually, you are also supposed to do this after  decoding  with  a  stand-\nalone uudecode program).\nThe  header  and  initial  information in the decoded articles are saved in the file\nspecified in decode-header-file (default \"Decode.Headers\") in the  same  directory  as\nthe decoded files.\nIf  decode-skip-prefix  is  non-null, :decode will attempt to ignore up to that many\ncharacters on each line to find the encoded data.  This is particularly useful in some\nbinaries  groups  where  files are both uuencoded and packed with shar; nn will ignore\nthe prefix added to each line by shar, and thus be able to  unshar,  concatenate,  and\ndecode multi-part postings automatically.\n\nIn reading mode, the following keys can also be used to invoke the save commands:\n\ns      Same as S.\n\no      Same as O.\n\nw      Same as W.\n\nP      Same as :print.\n\nThe  save  commands  will prompt for a file name which is expanded according to the rules de‐\nscribed in the section on file name expansion below.  For each group, it is possible to spec‐\nify  a  default  save file in the init file, either in connection with the group presentation\nsequence or in a separate save-files section (see below).  If a default save file  is  speci‐\nfied  for  the group, nn will show this on the prompt line when it prompts for the file name.\nYou can edit this name as usual, but if you kill the entire name immediately, nn will replace\nthe  default  name  with  the  last file name you entered.  If you kill this as well, nn will\nleave you with a blank line.\n\nIf the quick-save variable is set, nn will only prompt for a save file name when the  current\narticle is inside a folder; otherwise, the default save file defined in the init file will be\nused unconditionally.\n\nIf the file (and directories in the path) does not exist, nn will ask whether the  file  (and\nthe directories) should be created.\n\nIf the file name contains an asterisk, e.g.\npart*.shar\nnn will save each of the articles in uniquely named files constructed by replacing the aster‐\nisk by numbers from the sequence 1, 2, 3, etc.  The format of the string that replaces the  *\ncan be changed with the save-counter variable, and the first number to use can be changed via\nsave-counter-offset.\n\nIn selection mode, nn will prompt you for the identifier of one or more articles you want  to\nsave.  When you don't want to save more articles, just hit space.  The saved articles will be\nmarked read.\n\nIf you enter an asterisk `*' when you are prompted for an article to save, nn will  automati‐\ncally save all the selected articles on the current menu page and mark them read.\n\nLikewise,  if  you enter a plus `+', nn will save all the selected articles on all menu pages\nand mark them read.\n\nThis is very useful to unpack an entire package using the :unshar and :decode  commands.   It\ncan  also  be used in combination with the save selected articles feature to save a selection\nof articles in separate, successively numbered files.  But do not confuse these two concepts!\nThe  S* and S+ commands can be used to save the selected articles in a single file as well as\nin separate files, and the save in separate files feature can be used also when saving  indi‐\nvidual articles, either in the selection mode, or in the article reading mode.\n\nWhen articles are saved in a file with a full or partial header, any header lines in the body\nof the article will be escaped by a tilde (e.g. ~From: ...) to enable nn to split the  folder\ninto  separate  articles.   The escape string can be redefined via the embedded-header-escape\nvariable.\n\nArticles can optionally be saved in MAIL or MMDF compatible format by setting the mail-format\nand  mmdf-format variables.  These variables only specify the format used when creating a new\nfolder, while appending to an existing folder will be done in the format of the  folder  (un‐\nless folder-format-check is false).\n\nRelated  variables:  confirm-append,  confirm-create, decode-header-file, decode-skip-prefix,\ndefault-save-file, folder-save-file, edit-patch-command, edit-print-command, edit-unshar-com‐\nmand,  folder,  folder-format-check, mail-format, mmdf-format, patch-command, printer, quick-\nsave, save-counter, save-counter-offset, save-report,  suggest-default-save,  unshar-command,\nunshar-header-file.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FOLDER MAINTENANCE": {
            "content": "When more than one article is saved in a folder, nn is able to split the folder, and each ar‐\nticle in the folder can be treated like a separate article.\n\nThis means that you can save, decode, reply, follow-up, etc. just as with the original  arti‐\ncle.\n\nYou can also cancel (delete) individual articles in a folder using the normal C {cancel} com‐\nmand described later.  When you quit from the folder, you will then be given  the  option  to\nremove the cancelled articles from the folder.\n\nThe  original  folder  is saved in a file named `BackupFolder~' in the .nn directory (see the\nbackup-folder-path variable) by renaming or copying the old folder as appropriate.  When  the\nfolder  has  been  compressed,  the  backup  folder will be removed unless the variable keep-\nbackup-folder is set.\n\nIf all articles in a folder are cancelled, the folder will be removed or  truncated  to  zero\nlength  (whatever  is  allowed  by  directory  and file permissions).  In this case no backup\nfolder is retained even when keep-backup-folder is set!\n\nIf the variable trace-folder-packing is set, nn will show which articles are kept  and  which\nare removed as the folder is rewritten.\n\nFolders  are  rewritten  in the format of the original folder, i.e. the mail-format and mmdf-\nformat variables are ignored.\n\nRelated variables: backup-folder-path, keep-backup-folder, trace-folder-packing.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FILE NAME EXPANSION": {
            "content": "When the save commands prompts for a file name, the following file name expansions  are  per‐\nformed on the file name you enter:\n\n+folder\nThe + is replaced by the contents of the folder variable (default value \"~/News/\") re‐\nsulting in the name of a file in the folder directory.  Examples:\n+emacs, +nn, +sources/shar/nn\n\n+      A single plus is replaced by the expansion of the file name contained in the  default-\nsave-file variable (or by folder-save-file when saving from a folder).\n\n~/file The ~ is replaced by the contents of the environment variable HOME, i.e. the path name\nof your home directory.  Examples:\n~/News/emacs, ~/News/nn, ~/src/shar/nn\n\n~user/file\nThe ~user part is replaced by the user's home directory as defined in the  /etc/passwd\nfile.\n\n|command-line\nInstead of writing to a file, the articles are piped to the given shell (/bin/sh) com‐\nmand-line.  Each save or write command will create a separate pipe, but  all  articles\nsaved  or  written  in  one command (in selection mode) are given as input to the same\nshell command.  Example:\n| pr | lp\nThis will print the articles on the printer after they have been piped through pr.\nIt is possible to create separate pipes for each saved article by using  a  double\npipe symbol in the beginning of the command, e.g.\n|| cd ~/src/nn ; patch\n\nThe following symbols are expanded in a file name or command:\n\n$F     will  be  expanded  to  the  name  of  the  current group with the periods replaced by\nslashes, e.g. rec/music/synth.\n\n$G     will be expanded to the name of the current group.\n\n$L     will be expanded to the last component of the name of the current group.  You may  use\nthis to create default save file names like +src/$L in the comp.sources groups.\n\n$N     will  be  expanded  to the (local) article number, e.g. 1099.  In selection mode it is\nonly allowed at the end of the file name!\n\n$(VAR) is replaced by the string value of the environment variable VAR.\n\nUsing these symbols, a simple naming scheme for `default folder name' is +$G which  will  use\nthe group name as folder name.  Another possibility is +$F/$N.\n\nAs  mentioned  above,  you can also instruct nn to save a series of files in separate, unique\nfiles.  All that is required is that the file name contains an asterisk, e.g.\n+src/hype/part*.shar\nThis will cause each of the articles to be saved in separate, unique files named  part1.shar,\npart2.shar, and so on, always choosing a part number that results in a unique file name (i.e.\nif part1.shar did already exist, the first article would be saved in part2.shar, the next  in\npart3.shar, and so on).\n\nRelated  variables:  default-save-file, folder, folder-save-file, save-counter, save-counter-\noffset.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FILE AND GROUP NAME COMPLETION": {
            "content": "When entering a file name or a news group name, a simple completion feature is available  us‐\ning the space, tab, and ? keys.\n\nHitting  space  anywhere during input will complete the current component of the file name or\ngroup name with the first available possibility.\n\nIf this possibility is not the one you want, keep on hitting space until it appears.\n\nWhen the right completion has appeared, you can just continue typing the file or group  name,\nor  you  can hit tab to fix the current component, and get the first possibility for the next\ncomponent, and then use space to go through the other possible completions.\n\nThe ?  key will produce a list of the possible completions of the current component.  If  the\nlist  is  too long for the available space on screen, the key can be repeated to get the next\npart of the list.\n\nThe current completion can be deleted with the erase key.\n\nThe default value for a file name is the last file name you have entered, so if you  enter  a\nspace  as  the first character after the prompt, the last file name will be repeated (and you\ncan edit it if you like).  In some cases, a string will already be written  for  you  in  the\nprompt  line, and to get the default value in these cases, use the kill key.  This also means\nthat if you neither want the initial value, nor the default value, you will have to  hit  the\nkill twice to get a clean prompt line.\n\nRelated variables: comp1-key, comp2-key, help-key, suggest-default-save.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "POSTING AND RESPONDING TO ARTICLES": {
            "content": "In  both  selection mode and reading mode you can post new articles, post follow-ups to arti‐\ncles, send replies to the author of an article, and you can send mail to  another  user  with\nthe option of including an article in the letter.  In reading mode, a response is made to the\ncurrent article, while in selection mode you will be prompted for an article to respond to.\n\nThe following commands are available (the lower-case equivalents are also available in  read‐\ning mode):\n\nR    {reply}\nReply through mail to the author of the article.  This is the preferred way to respond\nto an article unless you think your reply is of general interest.\n\nF    {follow}\nFollow-up with an article in the same newsgroup (unless an alternative group is speci‐\nfied  in  the article header).  The distribution of the follow-up is normally the same\nas the original article, but this can be modified via  the  follow-distribution  vari‐\nable.\n\nM    {mail}\nMail  a  letter  or  forward an article to a single recipient.  In selection mode, you\nwill be prompted for an article to include in your letter, and  in  reading  mode  you\nwill  be asked if the current article should be included in the letter.  You will then\nbe prompted for the recipient of the letter (default recipient is  yourself)  and  the\nsubject of the letter (if an article is included, you may hit space to get the default\nsubject which is the subject of the included article).\nThe header of the article is only included in the posted letter if it  is  forwarded\n(i.e. not edited), or if the variable include-full-header is set.\n\n:post     {post}\nPost  a  new article to any newsgroup.  This command will prompt you for a comma-sepa‐\nrated list of newsgroups to post to (you cannot enter a space because  space  is  used\nfor group name completion as described below).\nIf you enter ? {help-key} as the first key, nn will show you a list of all available\nnews groups and their purpose.  While paging through this list, you  can  enter  q  to\nquit looking at the list.  You can also enter / followed by a regular expression (typ‐\nically a single word) which will cause nn to show a  (much  shorter)  list  containing\nonly the lines matching the regular expression.\nNormally, you will be prompted for the distribution of the article with the default\ntake from default-distribution, but this can  be  changed  via  the  post-distribution\nvariable.\n\nGenerally,  nn will construct a file with a suitable header, optionally include a copy of the\narticle in the file with each non-empty line prefixed by a  `>'  character  (except  in  mail\nmode),  and  invoke  an editor of your choice (using the EDITOR environment variable) on this\nfile, positioning you on the first line of the body of the article (if it knows the editor).\n\nWhen you have completed editing the message, it will compare it to the unedited file, and  if\nthey are identical (i.e. you did not make any changes to the file), or it is empty, the oper‐\nation is cancelled.  Otherwise you will be prompted for an action to take on the  constructed\narticle (enter first letter followed by return, or just return to take the default action):\na)bort c)c e)dit h)old i)spell m)ail p)ost r)eedit s)end v)iew w)rite 7)bit\nAction: (post article)\nYou now have the opportunity to perform one of the following actions:\n\na    throw the response away (will ask for confirmation),\nc    mail a copy of a follow-up to the poster of the article,\ne    edit the file again,\nh    hold response for later completion,\ni    run an (interactive) spell-checker on the text,\nm    mail a (blind) copy to a specified recipient,\nn    same as abort (no don't post),\np    post article (same as send),\nr    throw away the edited text and edit the original text,\ns    send the article or letter,\nv    view the article (through the pager),\nw    append it to a file (before you send it),\ny    confirm default answer (e.g. yes post it), or\n7    strip the high-order bit from all characters in the message\n\nIf  you  have selected a 7-bit character set (this is determined by the values of the charset\nand data-bits variables), nn will not allow you to post an article or  send  a  letter  whose\nbody  contains  characters with the high-order bit set. It will warn you after you have first\nedited the message and disable the c)c, m)ail, p)ost, s)end and y)es actions.  You  can  then\neither  e)dit the message to delete those characters, use 7)bit to strip the high-order bits,\na)bort the message, or h)old it and select an 8-bit character set from nn.\n\nTo complete an unfinished response saved by the h)old command, simply enter any response  ac‐\ntion,  e.g. R {reply}.  This will notice the unfinished response and ask you whether you want\nto complete it now.  Only one unfinished response can exist at a time.  Notice  that  the  $A\nenvironment  variable  may  no longer be valid as a path to the original article when the re‐\nsponse is completed.\n\nIf your message contains 8-bit characters, the charset variable is not set to  \"unknown\"  and\nthe  message does not already have a MIME-Version or Content-XXX header, nn will add the fol‐\nlowing headers to your message before sending it:\nMIME-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=charset\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\nIt must be noted that sending 8-bit characters over the current news  and  mail  networks  is\nrisky  at  best;  although  large  parts of the network will pass through such characters un‐\nchanged, high-order bits may occasionally be stripped. Although the  MIME  standard  provides\nsolutions  for  this by encoding the characters, this is not yet supported by nn.  Adding the\nabove headers is an interim solution that is compatible with current  practice  and  is  much\nbetter than just sending the message without any hints about the character set used.\n\nRelated variables: append-signature-mail, append-signature-post, charset, data-bits, default-\ndistribution, follow-distribution, post-distribution, edit-response-check,  editor,  include-\nart-id,  include-full-header,  included-mark,  mail-header, mail-record, mail-script, mailer,\nmailer-pipe-input, news-header, news-record, news-script, orig-to-include-mask, pager, query-\nsignature, record, response-check-pause, response-default-answer, save-counter, save-counter-\noffset, save-report, spell-checker.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "JUMPING TO OTHER GROUPS": {
            "content": "By default nn will present the news groups in a predefined sequence (see the section on  Pre‐\nsentation  Sequence  later on).  To override this sequence and have a look at any other group\nthe G {goto-group} command available in both selection and reading mode enables you  to  move\nfreely between all the newsgroups.\n\nFurthermore,  the G command enables you to open folders and other files, to read old articles\nyou have read before, and to grep for a specific subject in a group.\n\nIt is important to notice that normally the goto command is recursive, i.e. a new menu  level\nis  created  when  the  specified group or folder is presented, and when it has been read, nn\nwill continue the activity in the group that was presented before the goto command  was  exe‐\ncuted.   However,  if  there are unread articles in the target group you can avoid entering a\nnew menu level by using the j reply described below.  The current menu level (i.e. number  of\nnested goto commands) will be shown in the prompt line as \"<N>\" (in reverse video).\n\nThe goto command is very powerful, but unfortunately also a little bit tricky at first sight,\nbecause the facilities it provides depend on the context in which the command is used.\n\nWhen executed, the goto command will prompt you for the name of  the  newsgroup,  folder,  or\nfile  to  open.  It will use the first letter you enter to distinguish these three possibili‐\nties:\n\nreturn An empty answer is equivalent to the current newsgroup.\n\nletter The answer is taken to be the name of a newsgroup.  If a news  group  with  the  given\nname  does  not exist, nn will treat the answer as a regular expression and locate the\nfirst group in the presentation sequence (or among all groups) whose name matches  the\nexpression.\n\n+\nThe answer is taken to be the name of a folder.  If only `+' is entered, it is equiva‐\nlent to the default save file for the current group.\n\n/ or ./ or ~/\nThe answer is taken to be the name of a file, either relative to  the  current  direc‐\ntory, relative to your home directory, or an absolute path name for the file.\n\n%      In  reading mode, this reply corresponds to reading the current article (and splitting\nit as a digest).  In selection mode, it will prompt for an  article  on  the  menu  to\nread.\n\n@      This choice is equivalent to the archive file for the current group.\n\n= and number\nThese  answers  are equivalent to the same answers described below applied to the cur‐\nrent group (e.g. G return = and G = are equivalent).\n\nSpecifying a folder, a file, or an article (with %) will cause nn to treat the  file  like  a\ndigest  and  split it into separate articles (not physically!)  which are then presented on a\nmenu in the usual way, allowing you to read or save individual subarticles from the folder.\n\nWhen you enter a group name, nn will ask you how many articles in the group you want  to  see\non the menu.  You can give the following answers:\n\na number N\nIn  this case you will get the newest N articles in the group, or if you specified the\ncurrent group (by hitting return to the group name prompt or entering the  number  di‐\nrectly), you will get that many extra articles included on the same menu (without cre‐\nating a new menu level).\n\nj      This answer can only be given if there are unread articles in the group.  It will  in‐\nstruct nn to jump directly to the specified group in the presentation sequence without\ncreating a new menu level.\n\nu      This instructs nn to present the unread articles in the group (if there are any).   If\nyou  have  already read the group (in the current invocation of nn), the u answer will\ninstruct nn to present the articles that were unread when you entered nn.\n\na      This instruct nn to present all articles in the group.\n\nsword or =word\nThis instructs nn to search all articles in the groups, but only present the  articles\ncontaining  the  word word in the subject.  Notice that case is ignored when searching\nfor the word in the subject lines.\n\nnword  Same as the s form except that it searched for articles where the sender name  matches\nword.\n\neword  Same  as  the s form except that it Psearched for articles where either the subject or\nthe sender name matches word.\n\nword = /regexp\nWhen the first character of the word specified with the s, n, and e forms is  a  slash\n`/',  the rest of the input is interpreted as a regular expression to search for.  No‐\ntice that regular expression matching is case insensitive when case-fold-search is set\n(default).\n\nreturn The meaning of an empty answer depends on the context: if there are unread articles in\nthe specified group the unread articles will be presented, otherwise all  articles  in\nthe group will be included in the menu.\n\nIf you specified the current group, and the menu already contains all the available articles,\nnn will directly prompt for a word to search for in the subject of all articles  (the  prompt\nwill be an equal sign.)\n\nWhen the goto command creates a new menu level, nn will not perform auto kill or selection in\nthe group.  You can use the + command in menu mode to perform the auto-selections.\n\nThere are three commands in the goto family:\n\nG    {goto-group}\nThis is the general goto command described above.\n\nB    {back-group}\nBackup one or more groups.  You can hit this key one or more times to go back  in  the\ngroups  already  presented (including those without new articles); when you have found\nthe group you are looking for, hit space to enter it.\n\nA    {advance-group}\nAdvance one or more groups.  This command is similar to the B command, but operates in\nthe opposite direction.\n\nN    {next-group}\nWhen used within an A or B command, it skips forward to the next group in the sequence\nwith unread articles or which has previously been visited.\n\nP    {previous}\nWhen used within an A or B command, it skips backwards to the preceding group  in  the\nsequence with unread articles or which has previously been visited.\n\nOnce  you  have  entered  an A or Bcommand, you can freely mix the A, B, P, and N commands to\nfind the group you want, and you can also use the G command to be prompted for a group name.\n\nTo show the use of the goto command some typical examples on its use are given below:\n\nPresent the unread articles in the dk.general group\nG dk.general return u\n\nJump directly to the gnu.emacs group and continue from there\nG gnu.emacs return j\n\nInclude the last 10 READ articles in the current group menu\nG 10 return\n\nFind all articles in rec.music.misc on the subject Floyd\nG rec.music.misc return\n= floyd return\n\nOpen the folder +nn\nG +nn return\n\nSplit current article as a digest (in reading mode)\nG %\n\n\nRelated variables: case-fold-search, default-save-file, folder-save-file\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "AUTOMATIC KILL AND SELECTION": {
            "content": "When there is a subject or an author which you are either very interested in,  or  find  com‐\npletely  uninteresting,  you can easily instruct nn to auto-select or auto-kill articles with\nspecific subjects or from specific authors.  These instructions are stored in  a  kill  file,\nand the most common types of entries can be created using the following command:\n\nK    {kill-select}\nCreate  an  entry  in your personal kill file.  The contents of the entry is specified\nduring a short dialog that is described in details below.  This command  is  available\nin both selection and reading mode.\n\nEntries  in the kill file may apply to a single newsgroup or to all newsgroups.  Furthermore,\nentries may be permanent or they may be expired a given number of days after their entry.\n\nTo increase performance, nn uses a compiled version of the kill file which is read in when nn\nis invoked.  The compiled kill file will automatically be updated if the normal kill file has\nbeen modified.\n\nThe following dialog is used to build the kill file entry:\n\nAUTO (k)ill or (s)elect (CR => Kill subject 30 days)\nIf you simply want nn to kill all articles with the subject of the current article (in\nreading mode) or a specific article (which nn will prompt for in selection mode), just\nhit return.  This will cause nn to create an entry in the kill file to kill  the  cur‐\nrent (or specified) subject in the current group for a period of 30 days (which should\nbe enough for the discussion to die out).\nYou can control the default kill period, or change it into a \"select\" period  via  the\ndefault-kill-select variable.\nIf this \"default behaviour\" is not what you want, just answer either k or s to kill or\nselect articles, respectively, which will bring you on to the rest of the questions.\n\nAUTO SELECT on (s)ubject or (n)ame  (s)\n(The SELECT will be substituted with KILL depending on the previous answer).  Here you\nspecify whether you want the kill or select to depend on the subject of the article (s\nor space), or on the name of the author (n).\n\nSELECT NAME:\n(Again SELECT may be substituted with KILL and SUBJECT may replace  NAME).   You  must\nnow  enter a name (or subject) to select (or kill).  In reading mode, you may just hit\nreturn (or %) to use the name (or subject) of the current article.  In selection mode,\nyou can use the name (or subject) from an article on the menu by answering with % fol‐\nlowed by the corresponding article identifier.\nWhen the name or subject is taken from an article (the current or one from the  menu),\nnn  will  only  select or kill articles where the name or subject matches the original\nname or subject exactly including case.\nIf the first character typed at the prompt is a slash `/', the rest  of  the  line  is\nused as a regular expression which is used to match the name or subject (case insensi‐\ntive).\nOtherwise, nn will select or kill articles which contain the specified string anywhere\nin the name or subject (ignoring case).\n\nSELECT in (g)roup `dk.general' or in (a)ll groups  (g)\nYou  must  now specify whether the selection or kill should apply to the current group\nonly (g or space) or to all groups (a).\n\nLifetime of entry in days (p)ermanent  (30)\nYou can now specify the lifetime of the entry, either by entering a number  specifying\nthe  number  of days the entry should be active, or p to specify the entry as a perma‐\nnent entry.  An empty reply is equivalent to 30 days.\n\nCONFIRM SELECT ....\nFinally, you will be asked to confirm the entry, and you should  especially  note  the\npresence or absence of the word exact which specify whether an exact match applies for\nthe entry.\n\nRelated variables: default-kill-select, kill.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "THE FORMAT OF THE KILL FILE": {
            "content": "The kill file consists of one line for each entry.  Empty lines and lines starting with  a  #\ncharacter  are  ignored.   nn automatically places a # character in the first position of ex‐\npired entries when it compiles the kill file.  You can then edit the kill file manually  from\ntime to time to clean out these entries.\n\nEach line has the following format\n[expire time :] [group name] : flags : string [: string]...\n\nPermanent  entries have no expire time (in which case the colon is omitted as well!).  Other‐\nwise, the expire time defines the time (as a timet value) when the entry should be expired.\n\nThe group name field can have three forms:\n\nnews.group.name\nIf it is the name of a single news group (e.g. comp.unix), the entry applies  to  that\ngroup only.\n\n/regular expression\nIf  it starts with a slash `/' followed by a regular expression (e.g. /^news\\..*), the\nentry applies to all groups whose name are matched by the regular expression.\n\nempty  An empty group field will apply the entry to all groups.\n\nThe flags field consists of a list of characters which identifies the type of entry, and  the\ninterpretation  of each string field.  When used, the flag characters must be used in the or‐\nder in which they are described below:\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "~    (optional)",
                    "content": "When this flag is present on any of the entries for a specific group,  it  causes  all\nentires  which  are  not auto-selected to be killed.  This is a simple way to say: I'm\ninterested in this and that, but nothing else.\n\n+    or ! (optional)\nSpecify an auto-select + or an auto-kill ! entry, respectively.  If neither are  used,\nthe article is neither selected nor killed which is useful in combination with the `~'\nflag.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "> (optional)",
                    "content": "When used with a subject (flag s), the kill entry only matches follow-ups to that sub‐\nject (i.e. where the Subject: line starts with Re:).  For example, to kill all \"Re:\"'s\nin rec.humor use the following kill entry: rec.humor:!>s/:.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "< (optional)",
                    "content": "When used with a subject (flag s), the kill entry only matches base articles with that\nsubject  (i.e. where the Subject: line does not start with Re:).  For example, to kill\nall articles asking for help (but not follow-ups) in the tex group, add this  to  your\nkill file:\ncomp.text.tex:!s</:^HELP\n\nn or s or a (mandatory)\nSpecify  whether the corresponding string applies to the name n or to the subject s of\nan article.  If flag a is used, the corresponding  string  is  ignored  (but  must  be\npresent), and the entry applies to articles with a non-empty References: line.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "/ (optional)",
                    "content": "Specifies  that  the  corresponding string is a regular expression which the sender or\nsubject is matched against.  If not specified, a simple string match is performed  us‐\ning the given string.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "= (optional)",
                    "content": "Specifies  that the match against the name or subject is case sensitive.  Furthermore,\nwhen regular expression matching is not used, the name or subject must be of the  same\nlength  of  the string to match.  Otherwise, the match will be case insensitive, and a\nstring may occur anywhere in the name or subject to match.\n\n| or & (mandatory if multiple strings)\nIf more than one string is specified, the set of flags corresponding  to  each  string\nmust be separated by either an or operator `|' or an and operator `&'.  The and opera‐\ntor has a higher precedence than the or operator, e.g.   a  complex  match  expression\na|b&c|d will succeed if either of a, b&c, or d matches.\n\nThe string field in the entry is the name, subject or regular expression that will be matched\nagainst the name or subject of each article in the group (or all groups).  Colons  and  back‐\nslashes must be escaped with a backslash in the string.\n\nExample 1:  Auto-select articles from `Tom Collins' (exact) on subject `News' in all groups:\n:+n=&s:Tom Collins:News\n\nExample  2:   Kill  all articles which are neither from `Tom' or `Eve' in some.group.  Select\nonly articles from Eve:\nsome.group:~n:Tom\nsome.group:+n:Eve\n\nThe second example can also be written as a single entry with an or operator (in  this  case,\nthe select/kill attribute only applies to the succeeding strings):\nsome.group:~n|+n:Tom:Eve\n\nTo  remove expired entries, to \"undo\" a K command, and to make the more advanced entries with\nmore than one string, you will have to edit the kill file manually.  To recompile  the  file,\nyou  can  use the :compile command.  When you invoke nn, it will also recompile the kill file\nif the compiled version is out of date.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "SHELL ESCAPES": {
            "content": "The !  commands available in selection and reading mode are identical in operation (with  one\nexception).   When  you enter the shell escape command, you will be prompted for a shell com‐\nmand.  This command will be fed to the shell specified in the shell variable (default  loaded\nfrom  the  SHELL environment variable or /bin/sh) after the following substitutions have been\nperformed on the command:\n\nFile name expansion\nThe earlier described file name expansions will be performed on all arguments.\n\n$G     will be substituted with the name of the current news group.\n\n$L     will be substituted with the last component of the name of the current news group.\n\n$F     will be substituted with the name of the current news group with the periods  replaced\nby slashes.\n\n$N     will be substituted with the (local) article number (only defined in reading mode).\n\n$A     is replaced by the full path name of the file containing the current article (only de‐\nfined in reading mode).\n\n%      Same as $A.\n\n$(VAR) is replaced by the string value of the environment variable VAR.\n\nWhen the shell command is completed, you will be asked to hit any key to  continue.   If  you\nhit  the  !  key again, you will be prompted for a new shell command.  Any other key will re‐\ndraw the screen and return you to the mode you came from.\n\nRelated variables: shell, shell-restrictions.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS": {
            "content": "Below are more useful commands which are available in both selection and reading modes.\n\nU    {unsub}\nUnsubscribe to the current group.  You will not see this group any more unless you ex‐\nplicitly  request  it.   If the variable unsubscribe-mark-read is set, all articles in\nthe group will be marked read when you unsubscribe.\nIf the variable keep-unsubscribed is  not  set,  the  group  will  be  removed  from\n.newsrc.   If  you are not subscribing to the group, you will be given the possibility\nto resubscribe to the group!  This may be used in connection with the G command to re‐\nsubscribe a group.\n\nC    {cancel}\nCancel  (delete)  an article in the current group or folder.  Cancelling articles in a\nfolder will cause the folder to be rewritten when it is closed.   In  selection  mode,\nyou  will  be  prompted for the identifier of the article to cancel.  Normal users can\nonly cancel their own articles.  See also the section on folder maintenance.\n\nY    {overview}\nProvide an overview of the groups with unread articles.\n\n\"    {layout}\nChange menu layout in selection mode.  The menu will be redrawn using the next  layout\n(cycling through ..., 2, 3, 4, 0, 1, ...)\n\nMost  of  the  commands  in nn are bound to a key and can be activated by a single keystroke.\nHowever, there are a few commands that cannot be bound to a key directly.\n\nAs shown in the keystroke command descriptions, all commands have a name, and it is  possible\nto  activate  a  command  by  name  with the extended command key (:).  Hitting this key will\nprompt you for the name of a command (and parameters).  For example, an alternative  to  hit‐\nting the R key to reply to an article is to enter the extended command :reply followed by re‐‐\nturn.  The :post and :unshar commands described earlier can also be bound to a key.  The com‐\nplete  list of commands which can be bound to keys is provided in the section on Key Mappings\nbelow.\n\nThe following extended commands cannot be bound to a key, mainly because they  require  addi‐\ntional  parameters  on the prompt line, or because it should not be possible to activate them\ntoo easily.\n\n:admin Enter administrative mode.  This is identical in operation to the nnadmin(1M) program.\n\n:bug   Prepare and send a bug report to the nn-bugs mailing address.\n\n:cd [ directory ]\nChange current working directory.  If the directory argument is not provided, nn  will\nprompt for it.\n\n:clear Clear  the  screen  (without redraw).  This may be useful at the beginning of the init\nfile (possibly guarded by \"on program nn\"), or in some macros.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": ":compile",
                    "content": "Recompile the kill file.  This is not necessary under normal operation since nn  auto‐\nmatically  compiles  the file on start-up if it has changed, but it can be used if you\nmodify the kill file while nn is suspended.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": ":coredump",
                    "content": "Abort with a core dump.  For debugging purposes only.\n\n:define macro\nDefine macro number macro as described in the  Macro  Definition  section  below.   If\nmacro is omitted, the next free macro number will be chosen.\n\n:dump table\nSame as the :show command described below.\n\n:help [ subject ]\nProvide  online help on the specified subject.  If you omit the subject, a list of the\navailable topics will be given.\n\n:load [ file ]\nLoad the specified file.  If the file argument is omitted, the init file is  reloaded.\nThe sequence part (if present) is ignored.\n\n:local variable [ value ]\nMake the variable local to the current group.  Subsequent changes to the variable will\nonly be effective until the current group is left.  If a value is specified,  it  will\nbe  assigned  to the local variable.  To assign a new value to a boolean variable, the\nvalues on and off must be used.\n\n:lock variable\nLock the specified variable so it cannot be modified.\n\n:man   Call up the online manual.  The manual is presented as a normal folder with  the  pro‐\ngram  name  in the `From' field and the section title in the `subject' field.  All the\nnormal commands related to a folder works for the online manual as well, e.g. you  can\nsave and print sections of the manual.\n\n:map arguments\nThis  is  the command used for binding commands to the keys.  It is fully described in\nthe Key Mapping section below.\n\n:mkdir [ directory ]\nCreate the directory (and the directories in its path).  It will prompt for at  direc‐\ntory name if the argument is omitted.\n\n:motd  Show  the  message of the day (maintained by the news administrator in the file \"motd\"\nin the lib directory.  This file is automatically displayed on  start-up  whenever  it\nchanges if the motd variable is set.\n\n:pwd   Print path name of current working directory on message line.\n\n:q     Has  no effect besides redrawing the screen if necessary.  If an extended command (one\nwhich is prefixed by a :) produces any output requiring the screen to be redrawn,  the\nscreen  will not be redrawn immediately if the variable delay-redraw is set (useful on\nslow terminals).  Instead another : prompt is shown to allow you to enter  a  new  ex‐\ntended  command immediately.  It is sufficient to hit return to redraw the screen, but\nit has been my experience that entering q return in this situation happens  quite  of‐\nten, so it was made a no-op.\n\n:q!    Quit nn without updating the .newsrc file.\n\n:Q     Quit nn.  This is equivalent to the normal Q command.\n\n:rmail Open  your  mailbox (see the mail variable) as a folder to read the incoming messages.\nThis is not a full mail interface (depending on the nn configuration, you may  not  be\nable  to delete messages, add cc: on replies, etc), but it can give you a quick glance\nat new mail without leaving nn.\n\n:set variable [ value ]\nSet a boolean variable to true or assign the value to a string  or  integer  variable.\nThe :set command is described in details in the section on VARIABLES.\n\n:sh    Suspend nn, or if that is not possible, spawn an interactive shell.\n\n:show groups mode\nShow the total number or the number of unread articles in the current group, depending\non mode: all (list the number of unread articles in all groups including groups  which\nyou  have  unsubscribed  to), total (list the total number of articles in all existing\ngroups), sequence (list unread groups in presentation sequence  order),  subscr  (list\nall subscribed groups), unsub (list unsubscribed groups only).  Any other mode results\nin a listing of the number of unread articles in all subscribed groups including those\nyou  have  suppressed with the `!'  symbol in the group presentation sequence.  To get\njust the currently unread groups in the presentation sequence, use the `Y'  {overview}\ncommand.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": ":show kill",
                    "content": "Show the kill entries that applies to the current group and to all groups.\n\n:show rc [ group ]\nShow the .newsrc and select file entries for the current or the specified group.\n\n:show map [ mode ]\nShow the key bindings in the current or specified mode.\n\n:sort [ mode ]\nReorder  the articles on the menu according to mode or if omitted to the default sort-\nmode.  The following sorting modes are available:\narrival: list articles by local article number which will be the same as the order  in\nwhich they arrived on the system (unless groups are merged),\nsubject:  articles  with  identical  subjects are grouped and ordered after age of the\noldest article in the group,\nlexical: subjects in lexicographical order,\nage: articles ordered after posting date only,\nsender: articles ordered after sender's name.\n\n:toggle variable\nToggle a boolean variable.\n\n:unread [ group ] [ articles ]\nMark the current (or specified) group as unread.  If the articles argument is omitted,\nthe  number  of unread articles in the group will be set to the number of unread arti‐\ncles when nn was invoked.  Otherwise, the argument specifies the number of unread  ar‐\nticles.\n\n:unset variable\nSet a boolean variable to false or clear an integer variable.\n\n:x     Quit nn and mark all articles in the current group as read!\n\nRelated  variables: backup, bug-report-address, delay-redraw, keep-unsubscribed, unsubscribe-\nmark-read, mail, pager, sort-mode.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "CATCH UP": {
            "content": "If you have not read news for some time, there are probably more news than you can cope with.\nUsing the option -a0 nn will put you into catch-up mode.\n\nThe  first  question  you will get is whether to catch up interactively or automatically.  If\nyou instruct nn to catch up automatically, it will simply mark all articles in all groups  as\nread, thus bringing you completely up-to-date.\n\nIf  you  choose the interactive mode, nn will locate all groups with unread articles, and for\neach group it will prompt you for an action to take on the group.  An action is selected  us‐\ning a single letter followed by return.  The following actions are available:\n\ny      Mark all articles as read in current group.\n\nn      Do not update group (this is the default action if you just hit return).\n\nr      Enter reading mode to read the group.\n\nU      Unsubscribe to the group.\n\n?      Give a list of actions.\n\nq      Quit.  When you quit, nn will ask whether the rest of the groups should be updated un‐\nconditionally or whether they should remain unread.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "VARIABLES AND OPTIONS": {
            "content": "It is possible to control the behaviour of nn through the  setting  (and  unsetting)  of  the\nvariables described below.  There are several ways of setting variables:\n- Through command line options when nn is invoked.\n- Through assignments on the command line when nn is invoked.\n- Through global set commands in the init file.\n- Through set or local commands executed from entry macros.\n- Through the :set extended command when you run nn.\n\nThere are four types of variables:\n- Boolean variables\n- Integer variables\n- String variables\n- Key variables\n\nBoolean  variables control a specific function in nn, e.g.  whether the current time is shown\nin the prompt line.  A boolean variable is set to true with the command\nset variable\nand it is set to false with either of the following (equivalent) commands:\nunset variable\nset novariable\n\nYou can also toggle the value of a boolean variable using the command:\ntoggle variable\n\nFor example:\nset time\nunset time\nset notime\ntoggle time\n\nInteger variables control an amount e.g. the size of the preview window, or the maximum  num‐\nber of articles to read in each group.  They are set with the following command:\nset variable value\nIn  some cases, not setting an integer value has a special meaning, for example, not having a\nminimal preview window or reading all articles in the groups no matter how  many  there  are.\nThe special meaning can be re-established by the following command:\nunset variable\nFor example:\nset window 7\nunset limit\n\nString  variables may specify directory names, default values for prompts, etc.  They are set\nusing the command\nset variable string\nNormally, the string value assigned to the variable value starts at the first non-blank char‐\nacter after the variable name and ends with the last non-blank character (excluding comments)\non the line.  To include leading or trailing blanks, or the comment start symbol, #,  in  the\nstring  they must be escaped using a backslash `\\', e.g. to set included-mark to the string \"\n# \", the following assignment can be used:\nset included-mark  \\ \\#\\   # blank-#-blank\nTo include a backslash in the string, it must be duplicated `\\\\'.  A backslash  may  also  be\nused  to  include  the  following  special  characters in the string: \\a=alarm, \\b=backspace,\n\\e=escape, \\f=form-feed, \\n=new-line, \\r=return, \\t=tab.\n\nKey variables control the keys used to control special functions during user  input  such  as\nline editing and completion.  They are set using the command\nset variable key-name\n\nA variable can be locked which makes further modification of the variable impossible:\nlock variable\nThis can be used in the setup init file which is loaded unconditionally to enforce local con‐\nventions or restrictions.  For example, to fix the included-mark variable to the string  \">\",\nthe following commands can be placed in the setup file:\nset included-mark >\nlock included-mark\nSome variables only make sense when set on the command line, since they are examined early in\nstartup, before the init files are read.  The syntax for setting  variables  on  the  command\nline is:\nvariable=value\nThe  value  may need to be quoted if it contains white space or special characters.  They can\nbe intermixed with other options, and are examined prior to other argument parsing.\n\nThe current variable settings can be shown with the :set command:\n\n:set (without arguments)\nThis will give a listing of the variables which have been set in either the init  file\nor interactively.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": ":set all",
                    "content": "This  will  give a listing of all variables.  Modified variables will be marked with a\n`*' and local variables will be marked with a `>'.  A locked variable is marked with a\n`!'.\n\n:set /regexp\nThis will give a listing of all variables whose name matches the given regular expres‐\nsion.\n\n:set partial-name space\nThe space (comp1-key) key will complete the variable name as usual, but as a side  ef‐\nfect it will display the variable's current value in the message line.\n\nVariables are global by default, but a local instantiation of the variable can be created us‐\ning the :local command.  The local variable will overlay the global variable as long  as  the\ncurrent  group  is active, i.e. the global variable will be used again when you exit the cur‐\nrent group.  The initial value of the local variable will be the same as the global variable,\nunless a new value is specified in the :local command:\n:local variable [ value ]\n\nThe following variables are available:\n\nalso-full-digest    (boolean, default false)\nWhen a digest is split, the digest itself is not normally included on the menu, and as\nsuch the initial administrative information is not available.   Setting  also-full-di‐‐\ngest  will  cause the (unsplit) digest to be included on the menu.  These articles are\nmarked with a @ at the beginning of the subject.\n\nalso-subgroups (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, a group name in the presentation sequence will also cause all the  subgroups\nof  the group to be included, for example, comp.unix will also include comp.unix.ques‐\ntions, etc.  When also-subgroups is not set, subgroups are only included if the  group\nname  is  followed  by  a  `.'  in  which  case  the  main group is not included, i.e.\n`comp.unix' is not included when `comp.unix.' is specified  in  the  presentation  se‐\nquence,  and  vice-versa.  Following a group name by an asterisk `*', e.g. comp.unix*,\nwill include the group as well as all subgroups independently of the setting of  also-\nsubgroups.\n\nappend-signature-mail    (boolean, default false)\nWhen  false,  it  is assumed that the .signature file is automatically appended to re‐\nsponses sent via E-mail.  If true, .signature will be  appended  to  the  letter  (see\nquery-signature).\n\nappend-signature-post    (boolean, default false)\nWhen false, it is assumed that the .signature file is automatically appended to posted\narticles.  If true, .signature will explicitly be appended  to  posted  articles  (see\nquery-signature).\n\nattributes symbols  (string, default ....)\nEach element in this string represents a symbol used to represent an article attribute\nwhen displayed on the screen.  See the section on Marking Articles and Attributes.\n\nauto-junk-seen (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, articles which have the seen attribute (,) will be marked read when the cur‐\nrent  group is left.  If not set, these articles will still be either unread or marked\nseen the next time the group is entered (see also confirm-junk-seen  and  retain-seen-\nstatus).\n\nauto-preview-mode        (boolean, default false)\nEnables  Auto  Preview Mode.  In this mode, selecting an article on the menu using its\narticle id (letter a-z) will enter preview mode on that article immediately.  Further‐\nmore, the `n' {next-article} command will preview the next article on the menu only if\nit has the same subject as the current article; otherwise, it will return to the  menu\nwith  the  cursor  placed on the next article.  The continue command at the end of the\narticle and the `=' {goto-menu} returns to the menu immediately as usual.\n\nauto-read-mode-limit N   (integer, default 0)\nWhen operating in auto reading mode, nn will auto-select all unread  articles  in  the\ngroup,  skip  the article selection phase, and enter reading mode directly after entry\nto the group.\nAuto reading mode is disabled when auto-read-mode-limit is zero; it is activated un‐\nconditionally if the value is negative, and conditionally if the value is greater than\nzero and the number of unread articles in the current group does not exceed the  given\nvalue.\n\nauto-select-closed mode  (integer, default 1)\nNormally,  selecting  a closed subject (usually in consolidated menu mode) will select\n(or deselect) all unread articles with the given subject (or all articles if they  are\nall read).  This behaviour can be changed via the value of this variable as follows:\n0: select only the first article with the subject (shown on menu).\n1: select only the unread articles with the subject.\n2: select all available articles with the subject.\n\nauto-select-rw (boolean, default false)\nIf  set,  a  subject of an article read or posted is automatically used for subsequent\nauto-selecting (if not already selected).  This is the most efficient way to see  your\nown posts automatically.\n\nauto-select-subject (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set, selecting an article from the menu using the article id (a-z), all articles\non the menu with the same subject will automatically be selected as well.\n\nbackup    (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, a copy of the initial .newsrc and select files will save be the  first  time\nthey are changed.  nn remembers the initial contents of these files internally, so the\nbackup variable can be set any time if not set on start-up.\n\nbackup-folder-path file  (string, default \"BackupFolder~\")\nWhen removing deleted articles from a folder, this variable defines the  name  of  the\nfile  where  a  (temporary)  copy  of  the original folder is saved.  If the file name\ndoesn't contain a `/', the file will be located in the .nn directory.   Otherwise  the\nfile  name  is used directly as the relative or full path name of the backup file.  If\npossible, the old folder will be renamed to the backup folder name; otherwise the  old\nfolder is copied to the backup folder.\n\nbackup-suffix suffix     (string, default \".bak\")\nThe  suffix  appended  to  file  names to make the corresponding backup file name (see\nbackup).\n\nbug-report-address address    (string, default mtpins@nndev.org)\nThe mail address to which bug reports created with the :bug command are sent.\n\ncase-fold-search         (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, string and regular expression matching will be case  independent.   This  is\nrelated to all commands matching on names or subjects, except in connection with auto-\nkill and auto-select where the individual kill file entries specifies this property.\n\ncharset charset     (string, default \"us-ascii\")\nThe character set in use on your terminal. Legal values are \"us-ascii\",  \"iso-8859-X\",\nwhere  X is a nonzero digit, and \"unknown\".  Setting this variable also sets the data-\nbits variable to the default bit width of the character set (7 for \"us-ascii\" and \"un‐\nknown\", 8 for the \"iso-8859-X\" sets).\nThe  value  of this variable also determines whether nn allows 8-bit characters in the\nbody of articles being posted and letters being mailed (unless the value is \"unknown\",\nin  which  case this is determined by the value of the data-bits variable).  If neces‐\nsary, nn will add extra headers to the message indicating its the character set.\n\ncheck-group-access  (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will perform a check on the readability of a group's  readability  before\nshowing the menu for that group.  Normally, this is not necessary since all users tra‐\nditionally have access to all news groups.  Setting (and locking) this variable may be\nused  to limit access to a news group via the permissions and ownership of the group's\nspool directory (this will only work for non-NNTP sites).\n\ncollapse-subject offset  (integer, default 25)\nWhen set (non-negative), subject lines which are too long to be presented in  full  on\nthe  menus  will be \"collapsed\" by removing a sufficient number of characters from the\nsubject starting at the given offset in the subject.  This is useful in source  groups\nwhere  the \"Part (01/10)\" string sometimes disappears from the menu.  When not set (or\nnegative), the subjects are truncated.\n\ncolumns col    (integer, default screen width)\nThis variable contains the screen width i.e. character positions per line.\n\ncomp1-key key  (key, default space)\nThe key which gives the first/next completion,  and  the  default  value  when  nn  is\nprompting for a string, e.g. a file name.\n\ncomp2-key key  (key, default tab)\nThe  key which ends the current completion and gives the first completion for the next\ncomponent when nn is prompting for a string, e.g. a file name.\n\ncompress       (boolean, default false)\nThis variable controls whether text compression (see the compress command)  is  turned\non  or off when an article is shown.  The compression is still toggled for the current\narticle with the compress command key.\n\nconfirm-append      (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will ask for confirmation before appending an article to an existing file\n(see also confirm-create).\n\nconfirm-auto-quit        (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  nn  will  ask  for confirmation before quitting after having read the last\ngroup.  If not confirmed, nn will recycle the presentation sequence looking for groups\nthat were skipped with the `N' {next-group} command.  But it will not look for new ar‐\nticles arrived since the invocation of nn.\n\nconfirm-create      (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, nn will ask for confirmation before creating a new file  or  directory  when\nsaving or unpacking an article (see also confirm-append).\n\nconfirm-entry       (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will ask for confirmation before entering a group with more than confirm-\nentry-limit unread articles (on the first menu level).  It is useful on slow terminals\nif  you  don't  want  to wait until nn has drawn the first menu to be able to skip the\ngroup.\nAnswering no to the \"Enter?\" prompt will cause nn to skip to the next group  without\nmarking  the  current  group as read.  If you answer by hitting interrupt, nn will ask\nthe question \"Mark as read?\" which allows you to mark the current group as read before\ngoing  to  the next group.  If this second question is also answered by hitting inter‐‐\nrupt, nn will quit immediately.\n\nconfirm-entry-limit articles  (integer, default 0)\nSpecifies the minimum number of unread articles in a group for which the confirm-entry\nfunctionality is activated.\n\nconfirm-junk-seen        (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will require confirmation before marking seen articles as read when auto-\njunk-seen is set.\n\nconfirm-messages         (boolean, default false)\nIn some cases, nn will sleep one second (or more) when it has shown a message  to  the\nuser, e.g. in connection with macro debugging.  Setting confirm-messages will cause nn\nto wait for you to confirm all messages by hitting any key.  (It will show the  symbol\n<> to indicate that it is awaiting confirmation.)\n\nconsolidated-manual (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  the online manual will be presented with one menu line for each program in\nthe nn package.\n\nconsolidated-menu        (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will automatically close all multi-article subjects on entry to a  group,\nso that each subject only occur once on the menu page.\n\ncounter-delim-left  (string, default \"[\")\nThe  delimiter  string output to the left of the article counter in a closed subject's\nmenu line.\n\ncounter-delim-right (string, default \"] \")\nThe delimiter string output to the right of the article counter in a closed  subject's\nmenu line.\n\ncounter-padding pad      (integer, default 5)\nOn  a  consolidated  menu, the subjects may not be very well aligned because the added\n[...] counters have varying length.  To (partially) remedy  this,  all  counters  (and\nsubjects  without  counters) are prefixed by up to pad spaces to get better alignment.\nIncreasing it further may yield practically perfect alignment  at  the  cost  of  less\nspace for the subject itself.\n\ncross-filter-seq         (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  cross  posted articles will be presented in the first possible group, i.e.\naccording to the current presentation sequence  (cross-post  filtering  on  sequence).\nThe  article  is automatically marked read in the other cross posted groups unless you\nunsubscribe to the first group in which it was shown before reading the other  groups.\nLikewise,  it  is sufficient to leave the article unread in the first group to keep it\nfor later handling.\nIf not set, cross-postings are shown in the first group occurring on the Newsgroups:\nline  which the user subscribes to (i.e. you let the poster decide which group is most\nappropriate to read his posting).\n\ncross-post          (boolean, default false)\nNormally, nn will only show cross-posted articles in the first subscribed group on the\nNewsgroups:  line.   When cross-post is set, nn will show cross-posted articles in all\nsubscribed groups to which they are posted.\n\ncross-post-limit N        (integer, default 0)\nIf this variable is set to a value other than 0, then any articles posted to more than\nN  newsgroups  are  automatically skipped.  A value of 5 is pretty good for discarding\n``spam'' articles.\n\ndata-bits bits (integer, default 7)\nWhen set to 7, nn will display characters with the 8th bit set using  a  meta-notation\nM-7bit-char.   If  set  to 8, these characters are sent directly to the screen (unless\nmonitor is set). Setting the charset variable also sets this variable to  the  default\nbit width of character set.\nIt also controls whether keyboard input is 7 or 8 bits, and thus whether key maps con‐\ntain 127 or 255 entries.  See the key mapping section for more details.\nIf the charset has value \"unknown\", the value of data-bits also determines whether  nn\nallows  8-bit characters in the body of articles being posted and letters being mailed\n(this is normally determined directly by the charset variable).\n\ndate      (boolean, default true)\nIf set nn will show the article posting date when articles are read.\n\ndebug mask     (integer, default 0)\nLook in the source if you are going to use this.\n\ndecode-header-file file  (string, default \"Decode.Headers\")\nThe name of the file in which the header and initial text of articles decoded with the\n:decode  command  is  saved.  Unless the file name starts with a `/', the file will be\ncreated in the same directory as the decoded files.  The information is not  saved  if\nthis variable is not set.\n\ndecode-skip-prefix N     (integer, default 2)\nWhen  non-null,  the :decode command will automatically skip up to N characters at the\nbeginning of each line to find valid uuencoded data.  This allows nn to  automatically\ndecode (multi-part) postings which are both uuencoded and packed with shar.\n\ndefault-distribution distr    (string, default \"world\")\nThe distribution to use as the default suggestion when posting articles using the fol‐‐\nlow and post commands if the corresponding  follow-distribution  or  post-distribution\nvariable contains the default option.\n\ndefault-kill-select [1]days   (number, default 30)\nSpecifies  the  default  action for the K {kill-select} command if the first prompt is\nanswered by return.  It contains the number of days to keep the kill or  select  entry\nin  the  kill  file  (1-99 days).  If it has the value days+100 (e.g. 130), it denotes\nthat the default action is to select rather than kill on the subject for the specified\nperiod.\n\ndefault-save-file file   (string, default +$F)\nThe  default save file used when saving articles in news groups where no save file has\nbeen specified in the init file (either in a save-files section or in the presentation\nsequence).   It can also be specified using the abbreviation \"+\" as the file name when\nprompted for a file name even in groups with their own save file.\n\ndelay-redraw        (boolean, default false)\nNormally, nn will redraw the screen after extended  commands  (:cmd)  that  clear  the\nscreen.   When delay-redraw is set nn will prompt for another extended command instead\nof redrawing the screen (hit return to redraw).\n\necho-prefix-key          (boolean, default true)\nWhen true, hitting a prefix key (see the section on key mapping below) will cause  the\nprefix key to be echoed in the message line to indicate that another key is expected.\n\nedit-patch-command  (boolean, default true)\nWhen  true,  the  :patch  command  will  show the current patch-command and give you a\nchance to edit it before applying it to the articles.\n\nedit-print-command  (boolean, default true)\nWhen true, the print command will show the current printer  command  and  give  you  a\nchance  to  edit  it  before  printing  the articles.  Otherwise the articles are just\nprinted using the current printer command.\n\nedit-response-check (boolean, default true)\nWhen editing a response to an article, it normally does not have any meaning  to  send\nthe  initial  file prepared by nn unaltered, since it is either empty or only contains\nincluded material.  When this variable is  set,  exiting  the  editor  without  having\nchanged the file will automatically abort the response action without confirmation.\n\nedit-unshar-command (boolean, default false)\nWhen  true,  the  :unshar  command will show the current unshar-command and give you a\nchance to edit it before applying it to the articles.\n\neditor command (string, default not set)\nWhen set, it will override the current EDITOR environment variable  when  editing  re‐\nsponses and new articles.\n\nembedded-header-escape string (string, default '~')\nWhen saving an article to a file, header lines embedded in the body of the article are\nescaped using this string to make it possible for nn to split the folder correctly af‐\nterwards.  Header lines are not escaped if this variable is not set.\n\nenter-last-read-mode mode     (integer, default 1)\nNormally,  nn will remember which group is active when you quit, and offer to jump di‐\nrectly to this group when you start nn the next time.  This variable is used  to  con‐\ntrol this behaviour.  The following mode values are recognized:\n0: Ignore the remembered group (r.g.).\n1: Enter r.g. if the group is unread (with user confirmation)\n2: Enter r.g. or first unread group after it in the sequence (w/conf).\n3: Enter r.g. if the group is unread (no confirmation)\n4: Enter r.g. or first unread group after it in the sequence (no conf).\n\nentry-report-limit articles   (integer, default 300)\nNormally, nn will just move the cursor to the upper left corner of the screen while it\nis reading articles from the database on entry to a group.  For large groups this  may\ntake more than a fraction of a second, and nn can then report what it is doing.  If it\nmust read more articles than the number specified by this  variable,  nn  will  report\nwhich group and how many articles it is reading.\n\nerase-key key  (key, default tty erase key)\nThe  key which erases the last input character when nn is prompting for a string, e.g.\na file name.\n\nexpert         (boolean, default false)\nIf set nn will use slightly shorter prompts (e.g. not tell you that ?  will  give  you\nhelp), and be a bit less verbose in a few other cases (e.g. not remind you that posted\narticles are not available instantly).\n\nexpired-message-delay pause   (integer, default 1)\nIf a selected article is found to have been expired, nn will normally give  a  message\nabout this and sleep for a number of seconds specified by this variable.  Setting this\nvariable to zero will still make nn give  the  message  without  sleeping  afterwards.\nSetting it to -1 will cause the message not to be shown at all.\n\nflow-control   (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  nn will turn on xon/xoff flow-control before writing large amounts of text\nto the screen.  This should guard against lossage of output, but in some network  con‐\nfigurations  it has had the opposite effect, losing several lines of the output.  This\nvariable is always true on systems with CBREAK capabilities which can do single  char‐\nacter reads without disabling flow control.\n\nflush-typeahead     (boolean, default false)\nWhen  true,  nn  will flush typeahead prior to reading commands from the keyboard.  It\nwill not flush typeahead while reading parameters for a command, e.g. file names etc.\n\nfolder directory    (string, default ~/News)\nThe full pathname of the folder directory which will replace the +  in  folder  names.\nIt  will  be  initialized from the FOLDER environment variable if it is not set in the\ninit file.\n\nfolder-format-check (boolean, default true)\nWhen saving an article with a full or partial header in an existing  folder,  nn  will\ncheck  the format of the folder to be able to append the article in the proper format.\nIf this variable is not set, folders are assumed to be in the format specified via the\nmmdf-format  and  mail-format variables, and articles are saved in that format without\nchecking.  Otherwise, the *-format variables are only used to determine the format for\nnew folders.\n\nfolder-save-file file    (string, default not set)\nThe default save file used when saving articles from a folder.\n\nfollow-distribution words     (string, default see below)\nThis  variable controls how the Distribution: header is constructed for a follow-up to\nan original article.  Its value is a list of words selected from the following list:\n[ [ always ] same ] [ ask ] [ default | distribution ]\nThis is interpreted in two steps:\n- First the default distribution is determined.  If same is specified and the original\narticle has a Distribution: header, that header is used.  Else if default is specified\n(or distribution is omitted), the value of default-distribution is used.  And finally,\nif only a distribution (any word) is specified that is used as the default.\n- Then if ask is specified, the user will be asked to confirm the default distribution\nor provide another distribution.  However, if always (and same) is specified, and  the\ndefault  was taken from the original article's distribution, the original distribution\nis used without confirmation.\nThe default value of follow-distribution is always same default, i.e. use  either  the\noriginal distribution or the default-distribution without confirmation in either case.\n\nfrom-line-parsing strictness  (integer, default 2)\nSpecifies  how  strict  nn  must parse a \"From \" line in a folder to recognize it as a\nmail format message separator line.  The following strictness values determine whether\na line starting with \"From \" will be recognized as a separator line:\n0: Always.\n1: Line must have at least 8 fields.\n2: Line must contain a valid date and time (ctime style).\n\nfsort          (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set, folders are sorted alphabetically according to the subject (and age).  Oth‐\nerwise, the articles in a folder will be presented in the sequence in which they  were\nsaved.\n\nguard-double-slash  (boolean, default false)\nNormally,  when entering a file name, entering two slashes `//' in a row (or following\na slash by a plus `/+') will cause nn to erase the entire line and replace it with the\n`/'  (or  `+').   On  some systems, two slashes are used in network file names, and on\nthose systems guard-double-slash can be set; that  will  cause  nn  to  require  three\nslashes in a row to clear the input.\n\nheader-lines list   (string, no default)\nWhen  set,  it  determines the list of header fields that are shown when an article is\nread instead of the normal one line header showing the author and  subject.   See  the\nfull description in the section on Customized Article Headers below.\n\nhelp-key key   (key, default ?)\nThe key which ends the current completion and gives a list of possible completions for\nthe next component when nn is prompting for a string, e.g. a file name.\n\nignore-re      (boolean, default false)\nIf set, articles with subjects already seen in a previous invocation of nn or  another\nnewsreader  -  and  not auto-selected - are automatically killed.  A great way to read\neven less news!\n\nignore-xon-xoff          (boolean, default false)\nNormally, nn will ignore ^S and ^Q in the input from the terminal  (if  they  are  not\nhandled in the tty driver).  Setting this variable will treat these characters as nor‐\nmal input.\n\ninclude-art-id      (boolean, default false)\nThe first line in a response with included  material  normally  reads  \"...somebody...\nwrites:\"  without  a  reference  to  the specific article from which the quotation was\ntaken (this is found in the References: line).  When this variable is  set,  the  line\nwill  also  include  the  article  id of the referenced article: \"In ...article... ...\nwrites:\".\n\ninclude-full-header (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, the mail (M) command will always include the full header of the original ar‐\nticle.   If  it  is not set, it only includes the header when the article is forwarded\nwithout being edited.\n\ninclude-mark-blank-lines (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, the included-mark is placed on blank lines in included articles.  Otherwise,\nblank lines are left blank (to make it easy to delete whole paragraphs with `d}' in vi\nand `C-@ M-] C-W' in emacs).\n\nincluded-mark string     (string, default \">\")\nThis string is prefixed to all lines in the original article that are  included  in  a\nreply  or  a follow-up.  (Now you have the possibility to change it, but please don't.\nLines with a mixture of prefixes like\n: orig-> <> } ] #- etc.\nare very difficult to comprehend.  Let's all use the standard folks!  (And hack  inews\nif it is the 50% rule that bothers you.)\n\ninews shell-command (string, default \"INEWSPATH -h\")\nThe  program  which is invoked by nn to deliver an article to the news transport.  The\nprogram will be given a complete article including a header containing the  newsgroups\nto which the article is to be posted.  See also inews-pipe-input.  It is not used when\ncancelling an article!\n\ninews-pipe-input         (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, the article to be posted will be piped into the inews  program.   Otherwise,\nthe  file containing the article will be given as the first (and only) argument to the\ninews command.\n\ninitial-newsrc-file file (string, default '.defaultnewsrc')\nDefines the name of a file which is used as the initial .newsrc file  for  new  users.\nThe  name  may be a full path name, or as the default a file name which will be looked\nfor in a number of places: in the standard news lib directory (where it can be  shared\nwith  other  news  readers),  in  nn's  lib  directory, and in the database directory.\nGroups which are not present in the initial .newsrc file will be automatically  unsub‐\nscribed provided new-group-action is set to a value allowing unsubscribed groups to be\nomitted from .newsrc.\n\nkeep-backup-folder  (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, the backup folder (see backup-folder-path) created when removing deleted ar‐\nticles  from  a  folder is not removed.  Notice that a backup folder is not created if\nall articles are removed from a folder!\n\nkeep-unsubscribed        (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, unsubscribed groups are kept in .newsrc.  If not set, nn will  automatically\nremove  all  unsubscribed  from  .newsrc if tidy-newsrc is set.  See also unsubscribe-\nmark-read.\n\nkill      (boolean, default true)\nIf set, nn performs automatic kill and selection based on the kill file.\n\nkill-debug          (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will display a trace of the auto-kill/select process on entry to a group.\nIt  is  automatically  turned  off  if `q' is entered as the answer to a \"hit any key\"\nprompt during the debug output.\n\nkill-key key   (key, default tty kill key)\nThe key which deletes the current line when nn is prompting for a string, e.g. a  file\nname.\n\nkill-reference-count N   (integer, default 0)\nWhen  this  variable  is non-zero, all articles which have N or more references on the\nReferences: line (corresponding to the number of >>'s on the menu line) will be  auto-\nkilled if they are not auto-selected (or preserved) via an entry in the kill file.  It\nshould probably not be used globally for all groups, but can be set on a per-group via\nthe entry macros.\n\nlayout number  (integer, default 1)\nSet the menu layout.  The argument must be a number between 0 and 4.\n\nlimit max-articles  (integer, default infinite)\nLimit the maximum number of articles presented in each group to max-articles.  The de‐\nfault is to present all unread articles no matter how many there  are.   Setting  this\nvariable,  only  the  most recent max-articles articles will be presented, but all the\narticles will still be marked as read.  This is useful to get  up-to-date  quickly  if\nyou have not read news for a longer period.\n\nlines lin (integer, default screen height)\nThis variable contains the screen height i.e. number of lines.\n\nlong-menu      (boolean, default false)\nIf  set  nn  will not put an empty line after the header line and an empty line before\nthe prompt line; this gives you two extra menu lines.\n\nmacro-debug    (boolean, default false)\nIf set nn will trace the execution of all macros.  Prior to the execution of each com‐\nmand or operation in a macro, it will show the name of the command or the input string\nor key stroke at the bottom of the screen.\n\nmail file (string, default not set)\nfile must be a full path name of a file.  If defined, nn will check for arrival of new\nmail every minute or so by looking at the specified file.\n\nmail-alias-expander program   (string, default not set)\nWhen  set,  aliases  used  in mail responses may be expanded by the specified program.\nThe program will be given the completed response in a file as its only  argument,  and\nthe  aliases  should  be expanded directly in this file (of course the program may use\ntemporary files and other means to expand the aliases as long the the result is stored\nin the provided file).\nNotice: currently there are no alias expanders delivered with nn.\nWarning: Errors in the expansion process may lead to the response not being sent.\n\nmail-format    (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set, nn will save articles in a format that is compatible with normal mail fold‐\ners.  Unless folder-format-check is false, it is only used to specify the format  used\nwhen new folders are created.  This variable is ignored if mmdf-format is set.\n\nmail-header headers (string, default not set)\nThe  headers string specifies one or more extra header lines (separated by semi-colons\n`;') which are added to the header of mail sent from nn using the reply and mail  com‐\nmands.  For example:\nset mail-header Reply-To: storm@texas.dk;Organization: TI - DK\nTo  include a semicolon `;' in a header, precede it by a backslash (which must be dou‐\nbled because of the conventions for entering strings).\n\nmail-record file    (string, default not set)\nfile must be a full path name of a file.  If defined, all replies  and  mail  will  be\nsaved  in  this file in standard mailbox format, i.e. you can use you favourite mailer\n(and nn) to look at the file.\n\nmail-script file    (string, default not set)\nWhen set, nn will use the specified file instead of the standard aux script when  exe‐\ncuting the reply and mail commands.\n\nmailer shell-command     (string, default RECMAIL)\nThe  program  which  is invoked by nn to deliver a message to the mail transport.  The\nprogram will be given a complete mail message including a header containing the recip‐\nient's address.  See also mailer-pipe-input.\n\nmailer-pipe-input        (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  the  message to be sent will be piped into the mailer program.  Otherwise,\nthe file containing the message will be given as the first (and only) argument to  the\nmailer command.\n\nmarked-by-next-group N   (integer, default 0)\nSpecifies  the  amount  of (unmarked) articles on the menu marked seen by the N {next-\ngroup} command in selection mode.  See marked-by-read-skip for possible values of N.\n\nmarked-by-read-return N  (integer, default 0)\nSpecifies the amount of (unmarked) articles on the menu marked seen by the Z {read-re‐‐\nturn} command in selection mode.  See marked-by-read-skip for possible values of N.\n\nmarked-by-read-skip N    (integer, default 4)\nSpecifies  the  amount  of (unmarked) articles on the menu marked seen by the X {read-\nskip} command in selection mode.  The following values of N are recognized:\n0:  No articles are marked seen\n1:  Current page is marked seen\n2:  Previous pages are marked seen\n3:  Previous and current pages are marked seen\n4:  All pages are marked seen\n\nmark-overlap   (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will draw a line (using the underline capabilities  of  the  terminal  if\npossible) to indicate the end of the overlap (see the overlap variable).\n\nmark-overlap-shading     (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  nn  will  shade overlapping lines (see the overlap variable) using the at‐\ntributes defined by the shading-on and shading-off variables (of if not set, with  the\nunderline  attribute).   This  is typically used to give overlapping lines a different\ncolour on terminals which have this capability.\n\nmenu-spacing mode   (integer, default 0)\nWhen mode is a non-zero number as described below, nn will add blank lines between the\nlines  on the menu to increase readability at the cost of presenting fewer articles on\neach page.  The following values of mode are recognized:\n0: Don't add blank lines between menu lines.\n1: Add a blank line between articles with different subjects.\n2: Add a blank line between all articles.\n\nmerge-report-rate rate   (integer, default 1)\nWhen nn is invoked with the -m option (directly or via nngrap), a status report of the\nmerging process is displayed and updated on the screen every rate seconds.  The report\ncontains the time used so far and an estimate of  the  time  needed  to  complete  the\nmerge.\n\nmessage-history N   (integer, default 15)\nSpecifies  the  maximum number, N, of older messages which can be recalled with the ^P\n{message} command.\n\nmin-window size     (integer, default 7)\nWhen the window variable is not set, nn will clear the screen to preview an article if\nthere are less than size unused lines at the bottom of the menu screen.\n\nmmdf-format    (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set, nn will save articles in MMDF format.  Unless folder-format-check is false,\nit is only used to specify the format used when new folders are created.\n\nmonitor        (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will show all characters in the received messages using a \"cat  -v\"  like\nformat.  Otherwise, only the printable characters are shown (default).\n\nmotd      (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  nn will display the message of the day on start-up if it has changed since\nit was last shown.  The message is taken from the file \"motd\" in  the  lib  directory.\nIt can also be shown (again) using the :motd command.\n\nmulti-key-guard-time timeout  (integer, default 2)\nWhen  reading  a  multi-key  sequence from the keyboard, nn will expect the characters\nconstituting the multi-key to arrive \"quickly\"  after  each  other.   When  a  partial\nmulti-key  sequence  is  read,  nn will wait (at least) timeout tenths of a second for\neach of the following characters to arrive to complete the multi-key sequence.  If the\nmulti-key  sequence  is  not  completed  within  this period, nn will read the partial\nmulti-key sequence as individual characters instead.  This way it is still possible to\nuse for example the ESC key on a terminal with vt100 like arrow keys.  When nn is used\nvia an rlogin connection, you may have to increase the timeout to get reliable  recog‐\nnition of multi-keys.\n\nnew-group-action action  (integer, default 3)\nThis  variable  controls how new groups are treated by nn.  It is an integer variable,\nand the following values can be used.  Some of these actions (marked with an  *)  will\nonly  work  when keep-unsubscribed is set, since the presence of a group in .newsrc is\nthe only way to recognize it as an old group:\n0)  Ignore groups which are not in .newsrc.  This will obviously include  new  groups,\nand  therefore  you must explicitly add any new groups that you care about (by editing\nthe .newsrc file, or using the G menu command and  then  subscribing  to  the  group).\nWhen  NNTP  is being used, this setting prevents the active.times data from being read\nfrom the server; this can be helpful when using a slow link, since the data can  often\nbe hundreds of KBytes long.\n1*)  Groups not in .newsrc are considered to be new, and are inserted at the beginning\nof the .newsrc file.\n2*)  Groups not in .newsrc are considered to be new, and are appended to  the  end  of\nthe .newsrc file.\n3)   New  groups are recognized via a time-stamp saved in the file .nn/LAST and in the\ndatabase, i.e. it is not dependent on the groups currently in .newsrc.  The new groups\nare  automatically  appended  to .newsrc with subscription.  Old groups not present in\n.newsrc will be considered to be unsubscribed.\n4)  As 3, but the user is asked to confirm that the new group should  be  appended  to\n.newsrc.  If rejected, the group will not be appended to .newsrc, and thus be regarded\nas unsubscribed.\n5)  As 4, except that the information is stored in a format  compatible  with  the  rn\nnews reader (.rnlast).  This needs to be tested!\n\nnew-style-read-prompt    (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  the reading mode prompt line includes the group name and the number of se‐\nlected articles in the group.\n\nnews-header headers (string, default not set)\nThe headers string specifies one or more extra header lines (separated by  semi-colons\n`;')  which  are  added  to the header of articles posted from nn using the follow and\npost commands.  See mail-header for an example.\n\nnews-record file    (string, default not set)\nSave file for follow-ups and postings.  Same rules and format as the mail-record vari‐\nable.\n\nnews-script file    (string, default not set)\nWhen  set, nn will use the specified file instead of the standard aux script when exe‐\ncuting the follow and post commands.\n\nnewsrc file (string, default \"~/.newsrc\") Specifies the\nfile used by nn to register which groups and articles have  been  read.   The  default\nsetting  corresponds  to  the .newsrc file used by other news readers.  Notice that nn\nrelease 6.4 onwards does allow individual articles to be marked unread, and some arti‐\ncles marked unread, and thus no longer messes up .newsrc for other news readers!  Also\nsee nntp-server.\n\nnn-directory directory   (string, default \"~/.nn\")\nIt only makes sense to  set  this  variable  on  the  command  line,  e.g.  \"nn-direc‐\ntory=$HOME/.nn2\"  since  it is looked at before the init file is read.  It must be set\nto a full pathname.  Usually set when using multiple servers;  see  newsrc  above  and\nnntp-server below.\n\nnntp-cache-dir directory (string, default \"~/.nn\")\nWhen  NNTP  is  used,  nn  needs to store articles temporarily on disk.  This variable\nspecifies which directory nn will use to hold these files.  The default value  may  be\nchanged during configuration.  This variable can only be set in the init file.\n\nnntp-cache-size size     (integer, default 10, maximum 10)\nSpecifies  the  number  of temporary files in the nntp cache.  The default and maximum\nvalues may be changed during configuration.\n\nnntp-debug     (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, a trace of the nntp related traffic is displayed in the message line on  the\nscreen.\n\nnntp-server hostname or filename (string)\nIt  only  makes  sense  to  set  this  variable  on  the  command  line,  e.g.  \"nntp-\nserver=news.some.domain\", since it is looked at before the init file, If you use  mul‐\ntiple  servers,  you probably want to set the nn-directory and newsrc variables on the\ncommand line to alternate names as well, since some of the data files are  server  de‐\npendent.\n\nold [max-articles]  (integer, default not set)\nWhen  old  is  set, nn will present (or scan) all (or the last max-articles) unread as\nwell as read articles.  While old is set, nn will never mark any  unread  articles  as\nread.\n\nold-packname   (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  nn  display names identically to nn-6.6.5 (and earlier).  Only set this if\nyou have a large number of entries in your killfile that no longer work due to the new\nbehaviour.   Note  that in the long run, this option will go away, so it's best to up‐\ndate your killfile rather than set this.\n\norig-to-include-mask N   (integer, default 3)\nWhen replying to an article, nn will include some of the header  lines  which  may  be\nused to construct a proper mail address for the poster of the original article.  These\naddresses are placed on Orig-To: lines in the reply header and will  automatically  be\nremoved before the letter is sent.  This variable specifies which headers from the ar‐\nticle are included; its value N is the sum of the following values:\n1: Reply-To:\n2: From:\n4: Path:\n\noverlap lines  (integer, default 2)\nSpecifies the number of overlapping lines from  one  page  to  the  next  when  paging\nthrough  an article in reading mode.  The last line from the previous page will be un‐\nderlined if the terminal has that capability.\n\npager shell-command      (string, default $PAGER)\nThis is the pager used by the :admin command (and nnadmin) when  it  executes  certain\ncommands, e.g. grepping in the Log file.\n\npatch-command shell-command   (string, default \"patch -p0\")\nThis is the command which is invoked by the :patch command.\n\npost-distribution words  (string, default see below)\nThis  variable  controls  how  the Distribution: header is constructed when posting an\noriginal article.  Its value is a list of words selected from the following list:\n[ ask ] [ default | distribution ]\nThis is interpreted in two steps:\n- First the default distribution is determined.  If default is specified (or distribu‐\ntion is omitted), the value of default-distribution is used.  Otherwise, the specified\ndistribution (any word) is used as the default.\n- Then if ask is specified, the user will be asked to confirm the default distribution\nor provide another distribution.\nThe  default value of post-distribution is ask default, i.e. use the default-distribu‐‐\ntion with confirmation from the user.\n\npreview-continuation cond     (integer, default 12)\nThis variable determines on what terms the following article should  be  automatically\nshown when previewing an article, and the next-article command is used, or continue is\nused at the end of the article.  The following values can be used:\n0 - never show the next article (return to the menu).\n1 - always show the next article (use 'q' to return to the menu).\n2 - show the next article if it has the same subject as the current article, else  re‐\nturn to the menu.\nThe  value should be the sum of two values: one for the action after using continue on\nthe last page of the article, and one for the action performed when  the  next-article\ncommand is used multiplied by 10.\n\npreview-mark-read        (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, previewing an article will mark the article as read.\n\nprevious-also-read  (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, going back to the previously read group with P {previous} will include arti‐\ncles read in the current invocation of nn even if there are still unread  articles  in\nthe group.\n\nprint-header-lines fields     (string, default \"FDGS\")\nSpecifies the list of header fields that are output when an article is printed via the\n:print command and print-header-type is 1 (short header).  The fields specification is\ndescribed in the section on Customized Article Headers below.\n\nprint-header-type N (integer, default 1)\nSpecifies  what  kind of header is printed by the :print command, corresponding to the\nthree save-* commands: 0 prints only the article body (no header), 1  prints  a  short\nheader, and 2 prints the full article header.\n\nprinter shell-command    (string, default is system dep.)\nThis  is  the  default value for the print command.  It should include an option which\nprevents the spooler from echoing a job-id or similar to the terminal to  avoid  prob‐\nlems with screen handling (e.g. lp -s on System V).\n\nquery-signature          (boolean, default ...)\nWill  cause nn to require confirmation before appending the .signature file to out-go‐\ning mail or news if the corresponding append-sig-... variable is set.\n\nquick-count    (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, calculating the total number of unread articles at start-up is done by  sim‐\nple  subtracting  the first unread article number from the total number of articles in\neach group.  This is very fast, and fairly accurate but it may be a bit too large.  If\nnot  set, each line in .newsrc will be interpreted to count every unread article, thus\ngiving a very accurate number.  This variable is also used by nncheck.\n\nquick-save     (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will not prompt for a file name when an article is saved (unless  it  be‐\nlongs  to a folder).  Instead it uses the save file specified for the current group in\nthe init file or the default save file.\n\nre-layout N         (integer, default 0)\nNormally on the menu, nn will prefix the subject a number of `>'s corresponding to the\nnumber  of  references  on the References: line.  The re-layout variable may be set to\nuse a different prefix on the subjects:\n0:  One `>' per reference is shown (default).\n1:  A single `>' is shown if the Subject contains Re:.\n2:  The number of references is shown as `n>'\n3:  A single Re: is shown.\n4:  If any references use layout 0, else layout 1.\n\nre-layout-read N    (integer, default -1)\nWhen the header-lines variable is not set, or contains the \"*\" field specifier, a line\nsimilar  to  the  menu line will be used as the header of the article in reading mode,\nincluding the sender's name and the article's subject.  When this  variable  is  nega‐\ntive,  the  subject  on  this  header line will be prefixed according to the re-layout\nvariable.  Otherwise, it will define the format of the \"Re:\" prefix to be used instead\nof the re-layout used on the menu.\n\nread-return-next-page    (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  the  Z {read-return} command will return to the next menu page rather than\nthe current menu page.\n\nrecord file    (string, no default)\nSetting this pseudo variable will set both the mail-record and the  news-record  vari‐\nables to the specified pathname.\n\nrepeat         (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  nn  will not eliminate duplicated subject lines on menus (I cannot imagine\nwhy anyone should want that, but....)\n\nrepeat-group-query  (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, invoking nn with the -g option will always repeat the query for a  group  to\nenter until you quit explicitly.  (Same as setting the -r option permanently).\n\nreport-cost         (boolean, default true)\nThis  variable  is  ignored unless nn is running with accounting enabled (see nnacct).\nWhen set, nn will report the cost of the current session and the total on exit.\n\nresponse-check-pause pause    (integer, default 2)\nSpecifies the number of seconds to wait after posting an article to  see  whether  the\naction *might* have failed.  Some commands run in the background and may thus not have\ncompleted during this period, so even when nn says \"Article posted\", it may still fail\n(in which case you are informed via mail).\n\nresponse-default-answer action     (string, default \"send\")\nThe  default  action  to  be taken when hitting return to the \"response action\" prompt\n(abort, edit, send, view, write).  If it is unset, no default action is defined.\n\nretain-seen-status  (boolean, default false)\nNormally, seen articles will just be unread the next time the group is entered (unless\nthey  were marked read by auto-junk-seen).  If retain-seen-status is set, the seen at‐\ntribute on the articles will survive to the next time the group is entered.  (This  is\nnot recommended because it may result in very large select files).\n\nretry-on-error times     (integer, default 0)\nWhen  set, nn will try the specified number of times to open an article before report‐\ning that the article does not exist any more.  This may be necessary in  some  network\nenvironments.\n\nsave-closed-mode mode    (integer, default 13)\nWhen saving an article in selection mode (i.e. by selecting it from the menu), nn will\nsimply save the specified article if the article's subject is open.  When the selected\nmenu  entry is a closed subject, the save-closed-mode variable determines how many ar‐\nticles among the closed articles should be saved:\n0: save root article (the one on the menu) only\n1: save selected articles within subject\n2: save unread (excl selected) articles within subject\n3: save selected+unread articles within subject\n4: save all articles within subject\nIf `10' is added to the above values, nn will not save the  selected  subject  immedi‐\nately; instead it will ask which articles to save using the above value as the default\nanswer.\n\nsave-counter format (string, default \"%d\")\nThis is the printf-format which nn uses to create substitution string for the trailing\n*  in  save  file names.  You can set this to more complex formats if you like, but be\nsure that it will produce different strings for  different  numbers.   An  alternative\nformat which seems to be popular is \".%02d\" .\n\nsave-counter-offset N    (integer, default 0)\nNormally,  file  names created with the part.* form will substitute the * with succes‐\nsive numbers starting from one.  Setting this variable will  cause  these  numbers  to\nstart from N+1.\n\nsave-header-lines fields (string, default \"FDNS\")\nSpecifies  the list of header fields that are saved when an article is saved via the O\n{save-short} command.  The fields specification is described in the section on Custom‐\nized Article Headers below.\n\nsave-report    (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, a message reporting the number of lines written is shown after saving an ar‐\nticle.  Since messages are shown for a few seconds, this may slow down the  saving  of\nmany articles (e.g. using the S* command).\n\nscroll-clear-page        (boolean, default true)\nDetermines whether nn clears the screen before showing each new page of an article.\n\nscroll-last-lines N      (integer, default 0)\nNormally,  nn  will  show each new page of an article from the top of the screen (with\nproper marking of the overlap).  When this variable is set to  a  negative  value,  nn\nwill scroll the text of the new pages from the bottom of the screen instead.  If it is\nset to a positive value, nn will show pages from the  top  as  usual,  but  switch  to\nscrolling when there are less than the specified number of lines left in the article.\n\nselect-leave-next        (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set,  you will be asked whether to select articles with the leave-next attribute\non entry to a group with left over articles.\n\nselect-on-sender         (boolean, default false)\nSpecifies whether the find (=) command in article selection mode  will  match  on  the\nsubject or the sender.\n\nshading-on code...  (control string, default not set)\nSpecifies the escape code to be sent to the terminal to cause \"shading\" of the follow‐\ning output to the screen.  This is used if the mark-overlap-shading is set, and by the\n`+' attribute in the header-lines variable.\n\nshading-off code... (control string, default not set)\nSpecifies  the  escape code to be sent to the terminal to turn off the shading defined\nby shading-on.  Shading will typically be done by changing the  foreground  colour  to\nchange, e.g.\non term ti924-colour\nset shading-on  ^[ [ 3 2 m\nset shading-off ^[ [ 3 7 m\nset mark-overlap-shading\nunset mark-overlap\nend\n\nshell program  (string, default $SHELL)\nThe shell program used to execute shell escapes.\n\nshell-restrictions  (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set  (in  the  init file), nn will not allow the user to invoke the shell in any\nway, including saving on pipes.  It also prevents the user from changing certain vari‐\nables containing commands.\n\nshow-purpose-mode N      (integer, default 1)\nNormally,  nn  will  show the purpose of a group the first time it is read, provided a\npurpose is known.  Setting this variable, this behaviour can be changed as follows:\n0:  Never show the purpose.\n1:  Show the purpose for new groups only.\n2:  Show the purpose for all groups.\nWhen NNTP is being used, a setting of 0 prevents the newsgroups purpose data from  be‐\ning  read  from the server; this can be helpful when using a slow link, since the data\ncan often be hundreds of KBytes long.\n\nsign-type      (string, default pgp)\nWhat program nn will use to sign messages via the Sign command.  Only pgp and gpg  are\ncurrently valid.\n\nsilent         (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set, nn won't print the logo or \"No News\" if there are no unread articles.  Only\nuseful to set in the init file or with the -Q option.\n\nslow-mode      (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will cut down on the screen output to give better response  time  at  low\nspeed.  Normally, nn will use standout mode (if possible) to mark selected articles on\nthe menu, but when slow-mode is set, nn will just put an asterisk `*' next to the  ar‐\nticle  identifier  on selected articles.  Also when slow-mode is set nn will avoid re‐\ndrawing the screen in the following cases:  After a goto-group command an  empty  menu\nis  shown  (hit space to make it appear), and after responding to an article, only the\nprompt line is shown (use ^L to redraw the screen).  To avoid redrawing the screen af‐\nter an extended command, set the delay-redraw variable as well.\n\nslow-speed speed    (integer, default 1200)\nIf the terminal is running at this baud rate or lower, the on slow (see the section on\ninit files) condition will be true, and the on fast will be false (and vice-versa).\n\nsort      (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, nn will sort articles according to the  current  sort-mode  on  entry  to  a\ngroup.   Otherwise, articles will be presented in order of arrival.  If not set on en‐\ntry to a menu for merged groups, the articles from each group will be kept together on\nthe  menu.   If sort is unset while merged groups are presented on the menu, the arti‐\ncles will be reordered by local article number (which may not keep articles  from  the\nsame group together).\n\nsort-mode mode (integer, default 1)\nThe  default sort algorithm used to sort the articles on entry to a news group.  It is\na numeric value corresponding to one of the sorting methods  described  in  connection\nwith the :sort command:\n0 - arrival (ordered by article number)\n1 - subject (subjects ordered after age of first article)\n2 - lexical (subjects in lexicographical order)\n3 - age (articles ordered after posting date only)\n4 - sender (articles ordered after sender's name)\n\nspell-checker shell-command   (string, default not set)\nWhen set, responses can be checked for spelling mistakes via the (i)spell action.  The\ncommand to perform the spelling is given the file containing the full article  includ‐\ning  header  as its only argument.  If the spell checker can fix spelling mistakes, it\nmust apply the changes directly to this file.\n\nsplit          (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, digests will automatically and silently be split into sub-articles which are\nthen  handled  transparently  as normal articles.  Otherwise, digests are presented as\none article (which you can split on demand with the G command).\n\nstop lines     (integer, default not set)\nWhen stop is set, nn will only show the first lines lines of the of each  article  be‐\nfore  prompting  you to continue.  This is useful on slow terminals and modem lines to\nbe able to see the first few lines of longer articles (and skipping the rest with  the\nn command).\n\nsubject-match-limit length    (integer, default 256)\nSubjects will be considered identical if their first length characters match.  Setting\nthis uncritically to a low value may cause unexpected results!\n\nsubject-match-offset offset   (integer, default 0)\nWhen set to a positive number, that many characters at the beginning  of  the  subject\nwill be ignored when comparing subjects for ordering and equality purposes.\n\nsubject-match-parts (boolean, default false)\nWhen  set, two subjects will be considered equal if they are identical up to the first\n(differing) digit.  Together with the subject-match-offset variable, this can be  used\nin source groups where the subject often has a format like:\nvXXXXXX: Name of the package (Part 01/04)\nSetting  subject-match-offset  to  8 and subject-match-parts to true will make nn con‐\nsider all four parts of the package having the same subject (and  thus  be  selectable\nwith `*').\nNotice that changing the subject-match-... variables manually will not have an immedi‐\nate effect.  To reorder the menu, an explicit :sort command must be performed.   These\nvariables  are  mainly  intended to be set using the :local command in on entry macros\nfor source and binary groups (entry macros are evaluated before the menu is  collected\nand sorted).\n\nsubject-match-minimum characters   (integer, default 4)\nWhen  set  to  a positive number, that many characters at the beginning of the subject\nmust match before the subject-match-parts option comes into affect.   This  is  impor‐\ntant,  because  the  part matching causes the rest of the line to be ignored after the\nfirst digit pair is discovered.  This begins after any subject-match-offset  has  been\napplied.\n\nsuggest-default-save     (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, nn will present the default-save-file when prompting for a save file name in\na group without a specific save file, or folder-save-file when saving from  a  folder.\nWhen  not set, no file name is presented, and to use the default save file, a single +\nmust be specified.\n\ntidy-newsrc         (boolean, default false)\nWhen set, nn will automatically remove lines from .newsrc which represent  groups  not\nfound in the active file or unsubscribed groups if keep-unsubscribed is not set.\n\ntime      (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, nn will show the current time in the prompt line.  This is useful on systems\nwithout a sysline (1) utility.\n\ntrace-folder-packing     (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, a trace of the retained and deleted messages is printed  when  a  folder  is\nrewritten.\n\ntrusted-escape-codes codes    (string, default none)\nWhen  set to a list of one or more characters, nn will trust and output escape charac‐\nters in an article if it is followed by one of the characters in the list.  For  exam‐\nple,  to switch to or from kanji mode, control codes like \"esc $\" and \"esc ( J\" may be\npresent in the text.  To allow these codes, use the following command:\nset trusted-escape-codes ($\nYou can also set it to all to pass all escape codes through  to  the  screen.   Notice\nthat  nn thinks all characters (including esc) output to the screen as occupy one col‐\numn.\n\nunshar-command shell-command  (string, default \"/bin/sh\")\nThis is the command which is invoked by the unshar command.\n\nunshar-header-file file  (string, default \"Unshar.Headers\")\nThe name of the file in which the header and initial text of  articles  unpacked  with\nthe  :unshar  command is saved.  Unless the file name starts with a `/', the file will\nbe created in the same directory as the unpacked files.  The information is not  saved\nif this variable is not set.  Setting it to \"Unshar.Result\" will cause the headers and\nthe results from the unpacking process to be merged in a meaningful way (unless  mmdf-\nformat is set).\n\nunsubscribe-mark-read    (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set, unsubscribing to a group will automatically mark all current articles read;\nthis is recommended to keep the size of .newsrc down.  Otherwise, unread  articles  in\nthe unsubscribe groups are kept in .newsrc.  If keep-unsubscribed is false, this vari‐\nable has no effect.\n\nupdate-frequency         (integer, default 1)\nSpecifies how many changes need to be done to the .newsrc or select files before  they\nare written back to disk.  The default setting causes .newsrc to be updated every time\na group has been read.\n\nuse-editor-line          (boolean, default true)\nMost editors accept arguments of the form:\neditor [-arguments] +n filename\nwhere editor is the name of the editor, and n is the line number  to  put  the  cursor\nupon  entering the file.  If use-editor-line is false, it will not add the \"+n\" to the\narguments.\n\nuse-path-in-from         (boolean, default false)\nWhen mail-format is set, saved articles will be  preceded  by  a  specially  formatted\n\"From \" line:\nFrom origin date\nNormally,  the  origin  will be the name of the news group where the article appeared,\nbut if use-path-in-from is set, the contents of the \"Path:\" header will be used as the\norigin.\n\nuse-selections      (boolean, default true)\nWhen  set,  nn uses the selections and other article attributes saved last time nn was\nused.  If not set, nn ignores the select file.\n\nvisible-bell   (boolean, default true)\nWhen set, nn will flash the screen instead of \"ringing the bell\" if the  visible  bell\n(flash) capability is defined in the termcap/terminfo database.\n\nwindow size    (integer, default not set)\nWhen set, nn will reserve the last size lines of the menu screen for a preview window.\nIf not set, nn will clear the screen to preview an article if there are less than min-\nwindow  lines  at  the bottom of the screen.  As a side effect, it can also be used to\nreduce the size of the menus, which may be useful on slow terminals.\n\nword-key key   (key, default ^W)\nThe key which erases the last input component or word  when  nn  is  prompting  for  a\nstring, e.g. the last name in a path name.\n\nwrap-header-margin size  (integer, default 6)\nWhen  set  (non-negative), the customized header fields specified in header-lines will\nbe split across several lines if they don't fit on one line.   When  size  is  greater\nthan  zero,  lines will be split at the first space occurring in the last size columns\nof the line.  If not set (or negative), long header lines will be  truncated  if  they\ndon't fit on a single line.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "CUSTOMIZED ARTICLE HEADER PRESENTATION": {
            "content": "Normally,  nn will just print a (high-lighted) single line header containing the author, sub‐\nject, and date (optional) of the article when it is read.\n\nBy setting the header-lines variable as described below, it is possible to get a more  infor‐\nmative multi line header with optional high-lighting and underlining.\n\nThe  header-lines  variable  is  set to a list of header line identifiers, and the customized\nheaders will then contain exactly these header lines in the specified order.\n\nThe same specifications are also used by the :print and save-short commands  via  the  print-\nheader-lines and save-header-lines variables.\n\nThe following header line identifiers are recognized in the header-lines, print-header-lines,\nand save-header-lines variables:\n\nA    Approved:\na    Spool-File:(path of spool file containing the article)\nB    Distribution:\nC    Control:\nD    Date:\nd    Date-Received:\nF    From:\nf    Sender:\nG    Newsgroup:(current group)\ng    Newsgroup:(current group if cross-posted or merged)\nI    Message-Id:\nK    Keywords:\nL    Lines:\nN    Newsgroups:\nn    Newsgroups:   (but only if cross posted)\nO    Organization:\nP    Path:\nR    Reply-To:\nS    Subject:\nv    Save-File:(the default save file for this article)\nW    Followup-To:\nX    References:\nx    Back-References:\nY    Summary:\n\nThe 'G' and 'g' fields will include the local article number if it is known, e.g.\nNewsgroup: news.software.nn/754\n\nThe following special symbols are recognized in the header-lines variable (and ignored other‐\nwise):\n\nPreceding  the  identifier  with an equal sign \"=\" or an underscore \"\" will cause the header\nfield contents to be high-lighted or underlined.\n\nA plus sign \"+\" will use the shading attribute defined by shading-on and shading-off to high-\nlight the field contents.  If no shading attribute is defined it will underline the field in‐\nstead.\n\nIncluding an asterisk \"*\" in the list will produce the  standard  one  line  header  at  that\npoint.\n\nExample:   The  following  setting  of the header-lines variable will show the author (under‐\nlined), organization, posting date, and subject (high-lighted) when articles are read:\nset header-lines FOD=S\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "COMMAND LINE OPTIONS": {
            "content": "Some of the command line options have already been described, but below we provide a complete\nlist of the effect of each option by showing the equivalent set, unset, or toggle command.\n\nBesides  the  options described below, you can set any of nn's variables directly on the com‐\nmand line via an argument of the following format:\nvariable=value\nTo set or unset a boolean variable, the value can be specified as on or off  (t  and  f  will\nalso work).\n\nNotice  that the init files are read before the options are parsed (unless you use the -I op‐\ntion).  Therefore, the options which are related to boolean variables set in  the  init  file\nwill toggle the value set there, rather than the default value.  Consequently, the meaning of\nthe options are also user-defined.\n\nThe explanations below describe the effect related to the default setting of  the  variables,\nwith the `reverse' effect in square brackets.\n\n-aN  {set limit N}\nLimit  the maximum number of articles presented in each group to N.  This is useful to\nget up-to-date quickly if you have not read news for a longer period.\n\n-a0    Mark all unread articles as read.  See the full explanation at the beginning  of  this\nmanual.\n\n-B   {toggle backup}\nDo not [do] backup the rc file.\n\n-d   {toggle split}\nDo not [do] split digests into separate articles.\n\n-f   {toggle fsort}\nDo not [do] sort folders according to the subject (present the articles in a folder in\nthe sequence in which they were saved).\n\n-g     Prompt for the name of a news group or folder to be entered\n\n-i   {toggle case-fold-search}\nNormally searches with -n and -s are case independent.  Using this  option,  the  case\nbecomes significant.\n\n-I     Do  not read the init file.  This must be the first option!!  The global setup file is\nstill read.\n\n-Ifile-list\nSpecifies an alternate list of init files to be loaded instead of the standard  global\nand  private  init  files.   The  list is a comma-separated list of file names.  Names\nwhich does not contain a `/' are looked for in the ~/.nn directory.  An empty  element\nin  the  list is interpreted as the global init file.  The list of init files must not\nbe separated from the -I option by blanks, and it must be the first option.   Example:\nThe  default  behaviour  corresponds to using -I,init (first the global file, then the\nfile ~/.nn/init).  The global setup file is still read as the first init file indepen‐\ndently of the -I option used.\n\n-k   {toggle kill}\nDo not [do] perform automatic kill and selection of articles.\n\n-lN  {set stop N}\nStop  after printing the first N lines of each article.  This is useful on slow termi‐\nnals.\n\n-L[f]     {set layout f}\nSelect alternative menu layout f (0 to 4).  If f is omitted,  menu  layout  3  is  se‐\nlected.\n\n-m   {no corresponding variable}\nMerge  all articles into one `meta group' instead of showing them one group at a time.\nWhen -m is used, no articles will be marked as read.\n\n-nWORD Collect only articles which contain the string WORD in the sender's name (case is  ig‐\nnored).   If WORD starts with a slash `/', the rest of the argument is used as a regu‐\nlar expression instead of a fixed string.\n\n-N   {no corresponding variable}\nDisable updating of the rc file.  This includes not recording that  groups  have  been\nread or unsubscribed to (although nn will think so until you quit).\n\n-q   {toggle sort}\nDo not [do] sort the articles (q means quick, but it isn't any quicker in practice!)\n\n-Q   {toggle silent}\nQuiet mode - don't [do] print the logo or \"No News\" messages.\n\n-r   {toggle repeat-group-query}\nMake -g repeat query for a group to enter.\n\n-sWORD Collect  only  articles  which  contain  the string WORD in their subject (case is ig‐\nnored).  If WORD starts with a slash `/', the rest of the argument is used as a  regu‐\nlar expression instead of a fixed string.\n\n-S   {toggle repeat}\nDo not [do] eliminate duplicated subject lines on menus.\n\n-T   {toggle time}\nDo not [do] show the current time in the prompt line.\n\n-w[N]     {set window N}\nReserve N lines of the menu screen for a preview window.  If N is omitted, the preview\nwindow is set to 5 lines.\n\n-W   {toggle confirm-messages}\n[Don't] Wait for confirmation on all messages.\n\n-x[N]     {set old N}\nPresent (or scan) all (or the last N) unread as well  as  read  articles.   This  will\nnever mark unread articles as read.\n\n-X   {no corresponding variable}\nRead/scan  unsubscribed  groups also.  Most useful when looking for a specific subject\nin all groups, e.g.\nnn -mxX -sSubject all\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "MACRO DEFINITIONS": {
            "content": "Practically any combination of commands and key strokes can be defined as a macro  which  can\nbe bound to a single key in menu and/or reading mode.\n\nThe  macro  definition  must  specify  a sequence of commands and key strokes as if they were\ntyped directly from the keyboard.  For example, a string specifying a file name must follow a\nsave  command.   This manual does not give a complete specification of all the input required\nby the various commands; it is recommended to execute the desired command sequence  from  the\nkeyboard prior to defining the macro to get the exact requirements of each command.\n\nAlthough  it  is possible to define temporary macros interactively using the :define command,\nmacro definitions are normally placed in the init file.  Macros are numbered from 0  to  100,\ni.e.  it  is possible to define a total of 101 different macros (implicit macros defined with\nthe map command uses internal numbers from 101 to 200).\n\nTo define macro number M, the following construction is used (the line breaks are mandatory):\ndefine M\nbody\nend\n\nThe body consists of a sequence of tokens separated by  white  space  (blanks  or  newlines).\nHowever, certain tokens continue to the end of the current line.\n\nThe following tokens may occur in the macro body:\n\nComments\nEmpty lines and text following a # character (preceded by white space) is ignored.\n\nCommand Names\nAny  command name listed in the key mapping section can be included in a macro causing\nthat command to be invoked when the macro is executed.\n\nExtended Commands\nAll the extended commands which can be executed through the command command  (normally\nbound  to the : key) can also be executed in a macro.  An extended command starts with\na colon (:) and continues to the end of the current line.  Example:\n:show groups total\n\nKey Strokes\nA key stroke (which is normally mapped into a command depending on the  current  mode)\nis  specified  as  a  key name enclosed in single quotes.  Examples (A-key, left arrow\nkey, RETURN key):\n'A'  'left'  '^M'\n\nShell Commands\nExternal commands can be invoked as part of a macro execution.  There are two forms of\nshell  command invocations available depending on whether a command may produce output\nor require user input, or it is guaranteed to complete without input or output to  the\nterminal.  The difference is that in the latter case, nn does not prepare the terminal\nto be used by another program.  When the command completes, the screen is not  redrawn\nautomatically; you should use the redraw command to do that.  The tho forms are:\n:!echo this command uses the terminal\n:!!echo this command does not > /tmp/file\n\nStrings\nInput  to  commands  prompting  for  a string, e.g. a file name, can be specified in a\nmacro as a double quoted string.  Example (save without prompting for a file name):\nsave-short \"+$G\"\n\nConditionals\nConditionals may occur anywhere in a macro; a conditional is evaluated when the  macro\nis  executed,  and  if the condition is false the rest of the current line is ignored.\nThe following conditionals are available:\n?menu     True in menu mode\n?show     True in reading mode\n?folder   True when looking at a folder\n?group    True when looking at a news group\n?yes Query user, true if answer is yes\n?no  Query user, true if answer is no\nExample (stop macro execution if user rejects to continue):\nprompt \"continue? \" ?no break\nIn addition to these conditionals, it is possible to test the current value of boolean\nand integer variables using the following form:\n?variable=value\nThis conditional will be true (1) if the variable is an integer variable whose current\nvalue is the one specified, or (2) if the variable is a boolean variable which is  ei‐\nther on or off.  Examples:\n?layout=3 :set layout 1\n?monitor=on  break\n?sort=off :sort age\n\nbreak  Terminate  macro execution completely.  This includes nested macros.  Example (stop if\nlooking at a folder):\n?folder break\n\nreturn Terminate execution of current macro.  If the current macro  is  called  from  another\nmacro, execution of that macro continues immediately.\n\ninput  Query the user for a key stroke or a string, for example a file name.  Example (prompt\nthe user for a file name in the usual way):\nsave-short input\n\nyes    Confirm unconditionally if a command requires confirmation.  It is ignored if the com‐\nmand does not require confirmation.  Example (confirm creation of new files):\nsave-short \"+$G\" yes\n\nno     Terminate execution of current macro if a command requires confirmation; otherwise ig‐\nnore it.  If neither yes nor no is specified when a command requires confirmation, the\nuser  must  answer  the  question as usual - if the user confirms the action execution\ncontinues normally; otherwise the execution of the current macro is terminated.  Exam‐\nple (do not create new files):\nsave-short \"+$L/misc\" no\n\nprompt string\nPrint  the  string  in  the prompt line (highlighted).  The string must be enclosed in\ndouble quotes.  Example:\nprompt \"Enter recipient name\"\nWhen the macro terminates, the original prompt shown on entry to the macro will  auto‐\nmatically  be  redrawn.  If this is not desirable (e.g.  if the macro goes from selec‐\ntion to reading mode), the redrawing of the prompt can be disabled by using  a  prompt\ncommand with an empty string (\"\").  Example:\nprompt \"Enter reading mode?\" # old prompt is saved\n?no return # and old prompt is restored\nread-skip       # changes the prompt\nprompt \"\" # so forget old prompt\n\necho string\nDisplay the string in the prompt line for a short period.  Example:\n?show echo \"Cannot be used in reading mode\" break\n\nputs string-to-end-of-line\nThe rest of the line is output directly to the terminal without interpretation.\n\nmacro M\nInvoke  macro  number  M.  The maximum macro nesting level is five (also catches macro\nloops).\n\nI use the following macro to quickly save all the selected files in a file whose name is  en‐\ntered as usual.  It also works in reading mode (saving just the current article).\ndefine 1\n:unset save-report\nsave-short input yes\n?menu '+'\n:set save-report\nend\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "KEY MAPPINGS": {
            "content": "The  descriptions  of  the keys and commands provided in this manual reflects the default key\nmappings in nn.  However, you can easily change these mappings to  match  your  personal  de‐\nmands,  and  it  is  also possible to remap keys depending on the terminal in use.  Permanent\nremapping of keys must be done through the init file, while temporary changes (for the  dura‐\ntion of the current invocation of nn) can be made with the :map command.\n\nThe binding and mapping of keys are controlled by four tables:\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "The multikey definition table",
                    "content": "This  table  is  used for mapping multicharacter key sequences into single characters.\nBy default the table contains the mappings for the four cursor keys, and there is room\nfor  10  user-defined  multikeys.   The fourteen multikeys are named: up, down, right,\nleft (the four arrow keys), and #0 through #9 for the user-defined keys.\nMultikey #i (where i is a digit or an arrow key name) is defined using  the  following\ncommand:\nmap #i key-sequence\nwhere the sequence is a list of 7-bit character names (see below) separated by spaces.\nFor example, if the HOME key sends the sequence ESC [ H, you can define multikey #0 to\nbe the home key using the command:\nmap #0 ^[ [ H\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The input key mapping table",
                    "content": "All  characters  that are read from the keyboard will be mapped through the input map‐\nping table.  Consequently, you can globally remap one key to  produce  any  other  key\nvalue.  By default all keys are mapped into themselves.\nAn entry in the input key mapping table to map input-key into new-key is made with the\ncommand\nmap key input-key new-key\nFor example, to make your ESC key function as interrupt you can use the command\nmap key ^[ ^G\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The selection mode key binding table",
                    "content": "This table defines for each key which command should  be  invoked  when  that  key  is\npressed in selection mode, i.e. when the article menu is shown.  The command to bind a\nkey to a command in selection mode is:\nmap menu key command\nFor example, to have the HOME key defined as multikey #0 above  bound  to  the  select\ncommand, the following command is used:\nmap menu #0 select\nTo  remap  a  key  to select a specific article on the menu (which the `a' through `z'\nkeys do by default), the command must be specified as `article N' where N is the entry\nnumber on the menu counted from zero (i.e. a=0, b=1, ..., z=25, 0=26, ..., 9=35).  For\nexample, to map `J' to select article `j', the following command is used:\nmap menu J article 9\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The reading mode key binding table",
                    "content": "This table defines for each key which command should  be  invoked  when  that  key  is\npressed  in  reading mode, i.e. when the article text is shown.  The command to bind a\nkey to a command in reading mode is:\nmap show key command\n\nIn addition to the direct mappings described above, the following variations of the map  com‐\nmand are available:\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "User defined keymaps",
                    "content": "Additional keymaps can be defined using the command\nmake map newmap\nThis will create a new keymap which can initialized using normal map commands, e.g.\nmap newmap key command\nTo activate a user-defined keymap, it must be bound to a prefix key:\nmap base-map prefix-key prefix newmap\nWhen  used,  the prefix key itself does not activate a command, but instead it require\nanother key to be entered and then execute the command bound to that key in the keymap\nwhich is bound to the prefix key.\nFor  example,  to let the key sequence \"^X i\" execute macro number 10 in both modes,\nthe following commands can be used:\nmake map ctl-x\nmap ctl-x i macro 10\nmap both ^X prefix ctl-x\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mapping keys in both modes",
                    "content": "Using the pseudo-keymap `both', it is possible to map a key to a command in  both  se‐\nlection  and reading mode at once.  For example, to map the home key to macro number 5\nin both modes, the following command can be used:\nmap both #0 macro 5\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Aliasing",
                    "content": "A key can also be mapped directly to the  command  currently  bound  to  another  key.\nLater  remapping  of  the  other key will not change the mapping of the `aliased' key.\nThis is done using the following command:\nmap keymap new-key as old-key\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Binding macros to keys",
                    "content": "A previously defined macro can be bound to a key using the command:\nmap keymap key macro macro-number\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Implicit macro definitions",
                    "content": "An implicit macro can also be defined directly in connection with the map command:\nmap keymap key (\nbody...\n)\n\nKeys and character names are specified using the following notation:\n\nC      A single printable character represents the key or character itself.\n\n^C     This notation represents a control key or character.  DEL is written as ^?\n\n125, 0175, 0x7D\nCharacters and keys can be specified by their ordinal value  in  decimal,  octal,  and\nhexadecimal notation.\n\nup, down, right, left\nThese names represent the cursor keys.\n\n#0  through  #9\nThese symbols represent the ten user-defined multikeys.\n\nIf the variable data-bits is 7, key maps can specify binding of all keys in the range 0x00 to\n0x7F, and the 8th bit will be stripped in all keyboard input.  If the variable  data-bits  is\n8,  the  8th  bit  is  not cleared, and key maps are extended to allow binding of keys in the\nrange 0xA0 to 0xFE (corresponding to the national characters defined by the ISO 8859  charac‐\nter  sets).   Binding commands to these keys can be done either by using their numeric value,\nor directly specifying the 8 bit character in the map command, e.g.\nmap menu 0xC8 macro 72\nmap key ´e %\n\nTo show the current contents of the four tables, the following versions of the  :map  command\nare available:\n\n:map   Show the current mode's key bindings.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": ":map menu",
                    "content": "Show the selection mode key bindings.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": ":map show",
                    "content": "Show the reading mode key bindings.\n\n:map # Show the multikey definition table.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": ":map key",
                    "content": "Show the input key mapping table.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "STANDARD KEY BINDINGS": {
            "content": "Below  is  a list of all the commands that can be bound to keys, either in selection mode, in\nreading mode, or both.  For each command the default command key bindings in both  modes  are\nshown.   If  the key is not bound in one of the modes, but it can be bound, the corresponding\npart will just be empty.  If the command cannot be bound in one of the modes, that mode  will\ncontain the word nix.\n\nFunction             Selection mode   Reading mode\nadvance-article      nix              a\nadvance-group        A                A\narticle N            a-z0-9           nix\nback-article         nix              b\nback-group           B                B\ncancel               C                C\ncommand              :                :\ncompress             nix              c\ncontinue             space            space\ncontinue-no-mark     return           nix\ndecode\nfind                 =                /\nfind-next            nix              .\nfollow               F                fF\nfull-digest          nix              H\ngoto-group           G                G\ngoto-menu            nix              = Z\nhelp                 ?                ?\njunk-articles        J                nix\nkill-select          K                K\nlayout               \"                nix\nleave-article        nix              l\nleave-next           L                L\nline+1               ,  down          return\nline-1               /                nix\nline=@               nix              g\nmacro M\nmail                 M                m M\nmessage              ^P               ^P\nnext-article         nix              n\nnext-group           N                N\nnext-subject         nix              k\nnil\noverview             Y                Y\npage+1               >                nix\npage+1/2             nix              d\npage-1               <                delete  backspace\npage-1/2             nix              u\npage=0               nix              h\npage=1               ^                ^\npage=$               $                $\npatch\npost\npreview              %                %\nprevious             P                p\nprint                                 P\nquit                 Q                Q\nread-return          Z                nix\nread-skip            X                X\nredraw               ^L ^R            ^L ^R\nreply                R                r R\nrot13                nix              D\nsave-full            S                s S\nsave-short           O                o O\nsave-header          E                e E\nsave-body            W                w W\nselect               .                nix\nselect-auto          +                nix\nselect-invert        @                nix\nselect-range         -                nix\nselect-subject       *                *\nshell                !                !\nskip-lines           nix              tab\nunselect-all         ~                nix\nunshar\nunsub                U                U\nversion              V                V\n\nSee  the  descriptions of the default bindings for a description of the commands.  The pseudo\ncommand nil is used to unbind a key.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "THE INIT FILES": {
            "content": "The init files are used to customize nn's behaviour to local conventions and restrictions and\nto satisfy each user's personal taste.\nNormally,  nn  reads up to three init files on start-up if they exist (all init files are op‐\ntional):\n\n$LIB/setup\nA system-wide file located in the library directory.  This file is always  loaded  be‐\nfore  any other init file (even when the -I option is specified).  It cannot contain a\ngroup presentation sequence.\n\n$LIB/init\nAnother system-wide (global) init file located in the library  directory.   This  file\nmay be ignored via the -I option.\n\n~/.nn/init\nThe  private  init  file  located  in  the user's .nn directory.  It is read after the\nglobal init file to allow the user to change the default setup.\n\nThe init file is parsed one line at a time.  If a line ends with a backslash `\\',  the  back‐\nslash is ignored, and the following line is appended to the current line.\n\nThe init file may contain the following types of commands (and data):\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "Comments",
                    "content": "Empty lines and lines with a # character as the first non-blank character are ignored.\nExcept where # has another meaning defined by the command syntax (e.g. multi-keys  are\nnamed #n), trailing comments on input lines are ignored.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Variable settings",
                    "content": "You  can  set  (or unset) all the variables described earlier to change nn's behaviour\npermanently.  The set and unset commands you can use in the init file have exactly the\nsame  format as the :set and :unset commands described earlier (except that the : pre‐\nfix is omitted.)\nVariables can also be locked via the lock command; this is typically done in the setup\nfile to enforce local policies.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Key mappings",
                    "content": "You can use all the versions of the map command in the init file.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Macro Definitions",
                    "content": "You  can define sequences of commands and key strokes using the define...end construc‐\ntion, which can then be bound to single keys with the map command.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Load terminal specific files",
                    "content": "You can load a terminal specific file using the\nload file\nThe character @ in the file will be replaced by the terminal type defined in the  TERM\nenvironment variable.  nn silently ignores the load command if the file does not exist\n(so you don't have to have a specific init file for terminals which does  not  require\nremapping).   If  the file is not specified by an absolute pathname, it must reside in\nyour ~/.nn directory.  Examples:\n# load local customizations\nload /usr/lib/nninit\n# load personal terminal specific customizations\nload init.@\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Switch to loading a different init file",
                    "content": "You can skip the rest of the current init file and start loading a different init file\nwith the following command:\nchain file\nIf  this occur in the private or global init file, the chained init file may contain a\nsequence part which will replace the private or global presentation  sequence  respec‐\ntively.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stop loading current init file",
                    "content": "You can skip the rest of the current init file with the following command:\nstop\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Give error messages and/or terminate",
                    "content": "If  an error is detected in the init file, the following commands can be used to print\nan error message and/or terminate execution:\nerror fatal error message...\nPrint the message and terminate execution.\necho warning message...\nPrint the message and continue.\nexit [ status ]\nTerminate nn with the specified exit status or 0 if omitted.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Change working directory of nn",
                    "content": "You can use the cd command to change the working directory whenever you enter nn.  Ex‐\nample:\n# Use folder directory as working directory inside nn\ncd ~/News\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Command groups",
                    "content": "The  init  file can contain groups of commands which are executed under special condi‐\ntions.  The command groups are described in the section on command groups below.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "One or more save-files sections",
                    "content": "A save-files section is used to assign default save files to specific groups:\nsave-files\ngroup-name (pattern) file-name\n...\nend\nThe group name (patterns) and save file names are specified in the same way as in  the\npresentation sequence (see below).  Example:\nsave-files\nnews*  +news/$L\ncomp.sources*  /u/src/$L/\nend\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The news group presentation sequence",
                    "content": "The  last  part  of  the init file may specify the sequence in which you want the news\ngroups to be presented.  This part starts with the command sequence and  continues  to\nthe end of the init file.\n\nBoth  init  files  may contain a presentation sequence.  In this case, the global sequence is\nappended to the private sequence.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "COMMAND GROUPS": {
            "content": "Command groups may only occur in the init file, and they provide a way to have series of com‐\nmands executed at certain points during news reading.\n\nIn  release  6.4  onwards, these possibilities are still rather rudimentary, and a mixture of\nnormal init file syntax and macro syntax is used depending on whether the  command  group  is\nonly executed on start-up or several times during the nn session.\n\nA  command  group  begins with the word on and ends with the word end.  The following command\ngroups are conditionally executed during the parsing of the init file if the specified condi‐\ntion is true.  They may also have an optional else part which is executed if the condition is\nfalse:\non condition\ncommands\n[ else\ncommands ]\nend\n\nThe following conditional command groups may be used in the  init  file  to  be  executed  at\nstart-up:\n\non [ test ]\nThe  commands  (init file syntax) in the group are executed only if the specified test\nis true.  A shell is spawned to execute the command \"[ test ]\", so all the options  of\nthe  test(1) command is available.  For example, to unset the flow-control variable if\nthe tty is a pseudo-tty, the following conditional can be used:\non [ -n \"`tty | grep ttyp`\" ]\nunset flow-control\nend\n\non !shell command\nThe command group is executed if the given shell command exits  with  0  status  (suc‐\ncess).   Care  should  be  taken that the command does not produce any output, e.g. by\nredirecting its output to /dev/null.  For example, to prevent people from reading news\nif  load  is  above a specific level, the following conditional might be placed in the\nglobal setup file.\non !load-above 5\nerror load is too high, try again later.\nend\n\non `shell command` string...\nThe command group is executed if the first output line from  executing  the  specified\nshell  command  is listed among the specified string values.  The shell command can be\nomitted on subsequent occurrences of this conditional, in which case the  output  from\nthe last shell command is used.  For example, the following conditional can be used to\nswitch to an init file which has a limited sequence for news  reading  during  working\nhours, evenings, and nights:\non `date +%H` 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16\nchain init.work\nend\non `` 17 18 19 20 21\nchain init.evening\nelse\nchain init.night\nend\n\non `` string...\nThis  is equivalent to the previous form except that instead of executing a shell com‐\nmand, the output from the previous\n\non $variable [ value ]\nIf no value strings are specified, the command group is executed if the given variable\nis  defined  in the environment.  Otherwise, the command group is executed only if the\nvalue of the variable occur in the value list.  For example, if you want  nn  to  look\nfor mail in whatever $MAIL is set to - if it is set - you can use the following code:\non $MAIL\nset mail $(MAIL)\nend\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "on slow",
                    "content": "The commands (init file syntax) in the group are executed only if the current terminal\noutput speed is less than or equal to the baud rate set in  the  slow-speed  variable.\nThis can be used to optimize the user-interface for slow terminals by setting suitable\nvariables:\non slow\nset confirm-entry\nset slow-mode\nset delay-redraw\nunset visible-bell\nset compress\nunset header-lines\nset stop 5\nset window 10\nend\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "on fast",
                    "content": "Same as on slow except that the commands are only executed when the terminal  is  run‐\nning at a speed above the slow-speed value.\n\non term term-type...\nThe  commands  are executed if one of the term-type names is identical to value of the\nTERM environment variable.\n\non host host-name...\nThe commands are executed if the local host's name occur in the host-name list.\n\non program program-name...\nThe commands are executed if the current program (nn, nncheck, etc)  in  the  program-\nname list.\n\nThe  following  on  command groups are really macros which may be executed during nn's normal\nprocessing, and as such they cannot have an else part.\n\non entry [ group list ]\nThese commands (macro format!) are executed every time nn enters a news group.   If  a\ngroup  list  is not specified, the commands are associated with all groups which don't\nhave its own entry macro specified in the group sequence.  Otherwise, the entry  macro\nwill be associated with the groups in the list.  The group list is specified using the\nmeta-notations described in the presentation sequence section.\nAll `:' commands at the beginning of the command group are executed before nn collects\nthe articles in the group, so it is possible to set or unset variables like cross-post\nand auto-read-mode-limit before any articles are  collected  and  the  menu  is  (not)\nshown.\nThe  non-`:'  commands, and `:' commands that follows a command of another type will\nbe executed immediately after the first menu page is presented.  The  execution  of  a\n`:' command can be postponed by using a double `::' as the command prefix.\non entry comp.sources* alt.sources\n:set cross-post on   # set before collection\n:local auto-read-mode-limit -1   # set before showing menu\n::unset cross-post   # set after collection\nend\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "on start-up",
                    "content": "These  `:' commands (macro format!) are executed on start-up just before nn enters the\nfirst news group.  However, postponed commands (i.e. non-`:' commands) will not be ex‐\necuted until the first group is shown (it works like an entry macro).\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "GROUP PRESENTATION SEQUENCE": {
            "content": "News  groups  are  normally presented in the sequence defined in the system-wide init file in\nnn's library directory.\n\nYou can personalize the presentation sequence by specifying an alternative  sequence  in  the\nprivate init file.  The sequence in the private init file is used before the global presenta‐\ntion sequence, and need only describe the deviations from the default presentation sequence.\n\nThe presentation sequence must start with the word\nsequence\nfollowed by a list of the news group names in the order you want them to be  presented.   The\ngroup names must be separated by white space.  The sequence list must be the last part of the\ninit file (the parsing of commands from the init file stops when the word sequence is encoun‐\ntered).\n\nYou may use a full group name like \"comp.unix.questions\", or just the name of a main group or\nsubgroup, e.g. \"comp\" or \"comp.unix\".  However, if \"comp\" precedes  \"comp.unix.questions\"  in\nthe  list,  this subgroup will be placed in the normal alphabetic sequence during the collec‐\ntion of all the \"comp\" groups.\n\nGroups which are not explicitly mentioned in any of the sequence files will be  placed  after\nthe mentioned groups, unless `!!' is used and it has not been disabled (as described below).\n\nEach  group  name may be followed by a file or folder name (must start with either of `/' `~'\nor `+') which will specify the default save file for that group (and its subgroups).  A  sin‐\ngle  `+'  following  the group name is an abbreviation for the last save file name used.  For\nexample, the following two sequences are equivalent:\ngroup1 +file group2 +file group3 +file\ngroup1 +file group2 + group3 +\n\nWhen an article is saved, the default save name will be used as the initial contents  of  the\nfile  name  prompt  for further editing.  It therefore does not need to be be a complete file\nname (unless you use the quick save mode).\n\nEach group name may also be associated with a so-called entry action.  This is  basically  an\n(unnamed)  macro  which is invoked on entry to the group (following the same rules as the `on\nentry' command group related to :set and :unset commands).\n\nThe entry action begins with a left parenthesis `(' and ends with a right parenthesis `)'  on\nan otherwise empty line:\ncomp.sources. +src/$L/ (\n:set cross-post\n)\nThe last entry action can be repeated by specifying an empty set of parenthesis, e.g.\ncomp.unix. +unix ()\nThe  entry  action  of  a  preceding group in the sequence can be associated with the current\ngroup(s) by specifying the name of the group in the parentheses instead of the commands, e.g.\ncomp.unix. +unix (comp.sources.unix)\nA macro can also be associated with the entry action by specifying its number in the same way\nas the group name above, e.g.\nrec.music. +music (30)\nNotice  that it is the current definition of the macro which is associated with the group, so\nif the macro is later redefined with the `:define' command, it will not have  any  effect  on\nthe entry action.\n\nGroup names can be specified using the following notations:\n\ngroup.name\nAppend  the group (if it exists) to the presentation sequence list.  If also-subgroups\nis set (default), all subscribed subgroups of the group will be included as  well  (if\nthere  are  any).  Examples: \"comp\", \"comp.unix\", \"comp.unix.questions\".  If the group\ndoes not exits (e.g.  \"comp\"), the subgroups will be included even when also-subgroups\nis not set, i.e. \"comp\" is equivalent to \"comp.\".\n\ngroup.name.\nAppend  the  subgroups of the specified group to the presentation sequence.  The group\nitself (if it exists) is not included.  Examples: \"comp.\", \"comp.unix.\".\n\n.group.name\nAppend the groups whose name ends with the specified name to the  sequence.   Example:\n\".test\".\n\ngroup.name*\nAppend  the group and its subgroups to the presentation sequence list (even when also-\nsubgroups is not set).  Example: \"comp.unix*\".\n\nThe following meta notation can be used in a sequence file.  The group.name can be  specified\nusing any of the forms described above:\n\n! groups\nCompletely ignore the group or groups specified unless they are already in the presen‐\ntation sequence (i.e. has been explicitly mentioned earlier in the sequence).\n\n!:code groups\nIgnore a selection of groups based on the given code letter (see below),  unless  they\nare  already  included  in the sequence.  Notice that these forms only excludes groups\nfrom the presentation sequence, i.e. they do not include the remaining groups at  this\npoint; that must be done explicitly elsewhere.\n\n!:U groups\nIgnore  unsubscribed  groups, i.e. if they are neither new, nor present and subscribed\nin .newsrc.  This is useful to ignore a whole hierarchy except for a few groups  which\nare explicitly mentioned in .newsrc and still see new groups as they are created.\n\n!:X groups\nIgnore  unsubscribed  and  new groups, i.e. if they are not currently present and sub‐\nscribed in .newsrc.  This is useful to ignore a  whole  hierarchy  except  for  a  few\ngroups which are explicitly mentioned in .newsrc.  New groups in the hierarchy are ig‐\nnored unless `NEW' occurs earlier in the sequence.\n\n!:O groups\nIgnore old groups, i.e. unless they are new.  This is useful to ignore a whole hierar‐\nchy  but  still see new groups which are created in the hierarchy (it might become in‐\nteresting some day).  Individual groups can still be included in the sequence if  they\nare specified before the `!:O' entry.\n\n!:N groups\nIgnore new groups in the hierarchy.\n\n!!     Stop  building the presentation sequence.  This eliminates all groups that are not al‐\nready in the presentation sequence.\n\nNEW    This is a pseudo group name which matches all new groups; you could place this  symbol\nearly  in  your  presentation sequence to see new groups `out of sequence' (to attract\nyour attention to them).\n\nRC     This is a pseudo group name which matches all groups occurring in  the  .newsrc  file.\nIt will cause the groups in .newsrc to be appended to the presentation sequence in the\nsequence in which they are listed in .newsrc.\n\nRC:number\nSimilar to the RC entry, but limited to the first number lines of  the  .newsrc  file.\nExample: RC:10 (use 10 lines of .newsrc).\n\nRC:string\nSimilar to the RC entry, but limited to the lines up to (and including) the first line\n(i.e. group) starting with the given string.  For example:  RC:alt.sources\n\n< group.name\nPlace the group (and its subgroups) at the beginning  of  the  presentation  sequence.\nNotice that each `<' entry will place the group(s) at the beginning of the current se‐\nquence, i.e. < A < B < C will generate the sequence C B A.\n\n> group.name\nPlace the group (and its subgroups) after all other groups that are and  will  be  en‐\ntered into the presentation sequence.\n\n@      Disable  the `!!' command.  This can be included in the personal presentation sequence\nif the global sequence file contains a !! entry (see example 1 below).\n\n% .... %\nStarts and ends a region of the sequence where it is possible to include groups  which\nhas been eliminated earlier.  This may be useful to alter the sequence of some groups,\ne.g. to place comp.sources.bugs after all other source groups, the following  sequence\ncan be used:\n! comp.sources.bugs comp.sources* % comp.sources.bugs %\n\nExample  1: In a company where ordinary users only should read the local news groups, and ig‐\nnore the rest (including new news groups which are otherwise always subscribed to initially),\ncan use the following global presentation sequence:\ngeneral\nfollow\n! local.test\nlocal\n!!\nThe  \"expert\" users in the company must put the @ command somewhere in their private sequence\nto avoid losing news groups which they have not explicitly mentioned in their init file.\n\nExample 2: This is the global sequence for systems with heavy news addicts  who  setup  their\nown sequences anyway.\n# all must read the general news first\n< general\n# test is test, and junk is junk,\n# so it is placed at the very end\n> test\n> .test\n> junk\n# this is the standard sequence which everybody may\n# change to their own liking\nlocal     # our local groups\ndk   # the Danish groups\neunet.general # to present it before eunet.followup\neunet     # the other European groups\ncomp # the serious groups\nnews # news on news\nsci  # other serious groups\nrec  # not really that important (don't quote me)\nmisc # well, it must be somewhere\n# the groups that are not listed above goes here\nNotice  the  use  of  comments in the sequence where they are allowed at the end of non-empty\nlines as well.\n\nExample 3: My own presentation sequence (in the init file) simply lists my  favourite  groups\nand the corresponding default save files:\nsequence\n!:U alt*  # ignore unsubscribed alt groups\nnews.software.nn +nn\ncomp.sys.ti* +ti/$L\nNEW  # show new groups here\nnews*\nrec.music.synth +synth/\ncomp.emacs*,gnu.emacs +emacs/misc\ncomp.risks +risks\neunet.sources +src/unix/\ncomp.sources* +src/$L/\nThe  presentation sequence is not used when nn is called with one or more news group names on\nthe command line; it is thus possible to read ignored groups (on  explicit  request)  without\nchanging the init file.  (Of course, you can also use the G command to read ignored groups).\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "MERGING NEWS GROUPS": {
            "content": "The third example above contains the following line:\ncomp.emacs*,gnu.emacs +emacs/misc\nThis  is  the syntax used to merge groups.  When two or more groups are merged, all new arti‐\ncles in these groups are presented together as if they were  one  group.   To  merge  groups,\ntheir  names  must  be listed together in the sequence, and only separated by a single comma.\nTo merge the groups resulting from a single group pattern (e.g. comp.emacs*), the group  pat‐\ntern must be followed by a comma and a blank (e.g. comp.emacs*, ...).\n\nMerged  groups  are presented as the first group in the \"list\", and the word \"MERGED\" will be\nshown after the group name.  The Y {overview} command will still show merged groups as  indi‐\nvidual groups, but they will be annotated with the symbol `&' on the first of the groups, and\na `+' on the rest of the groups.\n\nIn the current version, the concept of the current group in connection with merged groups  is\na bit fuzzy.  This should only be noticeable with the G command, which will take the most re‐\ncently used group among the merged groups as the current group.  So things like G =  ...  may\nnot always work as expected.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "ENVIRONMENT": {
            "content": "The following environment variables are used by nn:\n\nEDITOR.   The  editor invoked when editing replies, follow-ups, and composing mail.  nn knows\nabout the following editors: vi, ded, GNU emacs, and micro-emacs, and will  try  to  position\nthe  cursor  on the first line following the header, i.e. after the blank line which must not\nbe deleted!  If an article has been included, the cursor is placed on the first line  of  the\nincluded text (to allow you to delete sections easily).\n\nLOGNAME.   This  is  taken as the login name of the current user.  It is used by nn to return\nfailed mail.  If it is not defined, nn will use the value of USER, or if that is not  defined\neither,  nn  will use the call `who am i' to get this information.  If all attempts fail, the\nfailed mail is dropped in the bit bucket.\n\nPAGER.  This is used as the initial value of the pager variable.\n\nSHELL.  This is the shell which is spawned if the system cannot suspend nn, and  it  will  be\nused to execute the shell escapes.\n\nTERM.  The terminal type.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "NOTES": {
            "content": "When  NNTP  is  being used over a slow link (as with the ppp protocol and a modem), it may be\ndesirable to suppress the retrieval of the information about new newsgroups, and  their  pur‐\npose,  since  they  can  be hundreds of KBytes in size.  To do this, the new-group-action and\nshow-purpose-mode variables should be set to 0 in your init file.  See  the  descriptions  of\nthose variables for more info.\n\nUnfortunately,  the list of active newsgroups is still fetched, since nn uses it to determine\nwhich groups to check for new articles.  Even this could be avoided, but the  cost  would  be\nchecking  for  new  articles  in  every  group,  which might well be slower overall, although\nstartup would be faster.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FILES": {
            "content": "~/.newsrc         The record of read articles.\n~/.nn/select      The record of selected and seen articles.\n~/.nn/init        Personal configuration and presentation sequence.\n~/.nn/kill        The automatic kills and selections.\n~/.nn/KILL.COMP   The compiled kill file.\n~/.nn/LAST        The time stamp of the last new news group we have seen.\n~/.nn/NEXTG       Active group last time nn was quit.\n~/.nn/.param      Parameter file for the aux script\n$lib/setup        System-wide setup - always read first.\n$lib/init         System-wide setup and presentation sequence.\n$lib/aux          The response edit and send script.\n$lib/routes       Mapping rules for mail addresses (on non-domain systems).\n$db/*             The news data base.\n/etc/termcap      Terminal data base [BSD].\n/usr/lib/terminfo/*Terminal data base [SysV].\n/usr/local/lib/nntpserverName of remote nntp server, if not changed by setting the  environ‐\nment variable NNTPSERVER or the nntp-server variable on the command line.\nThe name $lib and $db are the directories used for the auxiliary files and the news data base\nrespectively.  Their name and location is  defined  at  compile  time.   Common  choices  are\n/usr/local/lib/nn  or  /usr/lib/news/nn for $lib and /usr/spool/nn or /usr/spool/news/.nn for\n$db.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SEE ALSO": {
            "content": "Other netnews documentation.\nRFC 1341, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)\nnncheck(1), nngoback(1), nngrab(1), nngrep(1), nnpost(1), nntidy(1)\nnnusage(1M), nnspew(8)\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "ORIGINAL AUTHOR": {
            "content": "Kim F. Storm, Texas Instruments A/S, Denmark\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "CURRENT MAINTAINER": {
            "content": "Michael T Pins mtpins@nndev.org\n\nThe NNTP support was designed and implemented by Ren´e Seindal, Institute of Datalogy, Univer‐\nsity of Copenhagen, Denmark.\n\nThe  news.software.nn  group  is  used  for discussion on all subjects related to the nn news\nreader.  This includes, but is not limited to, questions, answers, ideas, hints,  information\nfrom the development group, patches, etc.\n\n\n\n4th Berkeley Distribution                    Release 6.6                                       NN(1)",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "nn - efficient net news interface (No News is good news)",
    "flags": [],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": [
        {
            "name": "nncheck",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nncheck/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nngoback",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nngoback/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nngrab",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nngrab/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nngrep",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nngrep/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nnpost",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nnpost/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nntidy",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nntidy/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nnusage",
            "section": "1M",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nnusage/1M/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "nnspew",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nnspew/8/json"
        }
    ]
}