{
    "mode": "man",
    "parameter": "NETWORK_NAMESPACES",
    "section": "7",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/NETWORK_NAMESPACES/7/json",
    "generated": "2026-06-16T05:59:49Z",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "networknamespaces - overview of Linux network namespaces\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "Network namespaces provide isolation of the system resources associated with networking: net‐\nwork devices, IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing tables, firewall rules, the /proc/net\ndirectory  (which is a symbolic link to /proc/PID/net), the /sys/class/net directory, various\nfiles under /proc/sys/net, port numbers (sockets), and so on.   In  addition,  network  name‐\nspaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace (see unix(7)).\n\nA  physical  network  device can live in exactly one network namespace.  When a network name‐\nspace is freed (i.e., when the last process in the namespace terminates), its  physical  net‐\nwork  devices  are  moved  back  to  the  initial network namespace (not to the parent of the\nprocess).\n\nA virtual network (veth(4)) device pair provides a pipe-like abstraction that can be used  to\ncreate  tunnels  between network namespaces, and can be used to create a bridge to a physical\nnetwork device in another namespace.  When a namespace is freed, the veth(4) devices that  it\ncontains are destroyed.\n\nUse of network namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the CONFIGNETNS option.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SEE ALSO": {
            "content": "nsenter(1),  unshare(1),  clone(2),  veth(4),  proc(5),  sysfs(5),  namespaces(7), username‐‐\nspaces(7), brctl(8), ip(8), ip-address(8), ip-link(8), ip-netns(8), iptables(8), ovs-vsctl(8)\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "COLOPHON": {
            "content": "This page is part of release 5.10 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A  description  of  the\nproject,  information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found\nat https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.\n\n\n\nLinux                                        2020-06-09                        NETWORKNAMESPACES(7)",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "networknamespaces - overview of Linux network namespaces",
    "flags": [],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": [
        {
            "name": "nsenter",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/nsenter/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "unshare",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/unshare/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "clone",
            "section": "2",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/clone/2/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "veth",
            "section": "4",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/veth/4/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "proc",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/proc/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "sysfs",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/sysfs/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "namespaces",
            "section": "7",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/namespaces/7/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "spaces",
            "section": "7",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/spaces/7/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "brctl",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/brctl/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ip",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ip-address",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-address/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ip-link",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-link/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ip-netns",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ip-netns/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "iptables",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/iptables/8/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "ovs-vsctl",
            "section": "8",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/ovs-vsctl/8/json"
        }
    ]
}