# phpman > man > Mail::Message::Field::Address(3pm)

## NAME
    [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown) - One e-mail address

## INHERITANCE
     [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)
       is a [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)
       is a [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

## SYNOPSIS
     my $addr = [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)->new(...);

     my $ui   = [User::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)->new(...);
     my $addr = [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)->coerce($ui);

     my $mi   = [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)->new(...);
     my $addr = [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)->coerce($mi);

     print $addr->address;
     print $addr->fullName;   # possibly unicode!
     print $addr->domain;

## DESCRIPTION
    Many header fields can contain e-mail addresses. Each e-mail address can be represented by an
    object of this class. These objects will handle interpretation and character set encoding and
    decoding for you.

    Extends "DESCRIPTION" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

## OVERLOADED
    overload: boolean
        The object used as boolean will always return "true"

    overload: string $comparison
        Two address objects are the same when their email addresses are the same.

    overload: stringification
        When the object is used in string context, it will return the encoded representation of the
        e-mail address, just like string() does.

## METHODS
    Extends "METHODS" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

### Constructors
    Extends "Constructors" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

    $obj->coerce( <STRING|$object>, %options )
        Try to coerce the $object into a "[Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)". In case of a STRING, it is
        interpreted as an email address.

        The %options are passed to the object creation, and overrule the values found in the
        $object. The result may be "undef" or a newly created object. If the $object is already of
        the correct type, it is returned unmodified.

        The $object may currently be a [Mail::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AAddress/markdown), a [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown), or a [User::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity/markdown). In case
        of the latter, one of the user's addresses is chosen at random.

    [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)->new( [$name], %options )
        Inherited, see "Constructors" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->parse(STRING)
        Parse the string for an address. You never know whether one or more addresses are specified
        on a line (often applications are wrong), therefore, the STRING is first parsed for as many
        addresses as possible and then the one is taken at random.

### Attributes
    Extends "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

    $obj->address()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->charset()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->comment( [STRING] )
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->description()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->domain()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->language()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->location()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->name( [$newname] )
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->organization()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->phrase()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

    $obj->username()
        Inherited, see "Attributes" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown)

### Collections
    Extends "Collections" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

    $obj->add($collection, $role)
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->addCollection( $object | <[$type], %options> )
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->collection($name)
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->parent( [$parent] )
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->removeCollection($object|$name)
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->type()
    [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)->type()
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

    $obj->user()
        Inherited, see "Collections" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

### Searching
    Extends "Searching" in [Mail::Identity](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AIdentity/markdown).

    $obj->find($collection, $role)
        Inherited, see "Searching" in [User::Identity::Item](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3AItem/markdown)

### Accessors
    $obj->encoding()
        Character-set encoding, like 'q' and 'b', to be used when non-ascii characters are to be
        transmitted.

### Access to the content
    $obj->string()
        Returns an RFC compliant e-mail address, which will have character set encoding if needed.
        The objects are also overloaded to call this method in string context.

        example:

         print $address->string;
         print $address;          # via overloading

## DIAGNOSTICS
    Error: $object is not a collection.
        The first argument is an object, but not of a class which extends
        [User::Identity::Collection](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/User%3A%3AIdentity%3A%3ACollection/markdown).

    Error: Cannot coerce a $type into a [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown)
        When addresses are specified to be included in header fields, they may be coerced into
        [Mail::Message::Field::Address](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/perldoc/Mail%3A%3AMessage%3A%3AField%3A%3AAddress/markdown) objects first. What you specify is not accepted as address
        specification. This may be an internal error.

    Error: Cannot load collection module for $type ($class).
        Either the specified $type does not exist, or that module named $class returns compilation
        errors. If the type as specified in the warning is not the name of a package, you specified
        a nickname which was not defined. Maybe you forgot the 'require' the package which defines
        the nickname.

    Error: Creation of a collection via $class failed.
        The $class did compile, but it was not possible to create an object of that class using the
        options you specified.

    Error: Don't know what type of collection you want to add.
        If you add a collection, it must either by a collection object or a list of options which
        can be used to create a collection object. In the latter case, the type of collection must
        be specified.

    Warning: No collection $name
        The collection with $name does not exist and can not be created.

## SEE ALSO
    This module is part of Mail-Message distribution version 3.012, built on February 11, 2022.
    Website: <http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/>

## LICENSE
    Copyrights 2001-2022 by [Mark Overmeer <<markov@cpan.org>>]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
    Perl itself. See <http://dev.perl.org/licenses/>