# GROPS - groff output driver for PostScript - man - [phpMan] [_grops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grops/1/markdown) General Commands Manual [_grops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grops/1/markdown) ## Name grops - _groff_ output driver for PostScript ## Synopsis **grops **[**-glm**] [**-b _**brokenness-flags_] [**-c _**num-copies_] [**-F _**font-directory_] [**-I _**inclusion-_ _directory_] [**-p _**paper-format_] [**-P _**prologue-file_] [**-w _**rule-thickness_] [_file_ ...] ### grops --help ### grops -v ### grops --version ## Description The GNU _roff_ PostScript output driver translates the output of [_troff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/markdown) into PostScript. Normally, _grops_ is invoked by [_groff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groff/1/markdown) when the latter is given the “**-T ps**” option. (In this installation, **ps **is the default output device.) Use _groff_'s **-P **option to pass any options shown above to _grops_. If no _file_ arguments are given, or if _file_ is “-”, _grotty_ reads the standard input stream. Output is written to the standard output stream. When called with multiple _file_ arguments, _grops_ doesn't produce a valid document structure (one conforming to the Document Structuring Conventions). To print such concatenated output, it is necessary to deactivate DSC handling in the printing program or previewer. See section “Font installation” below for a guide to installing fonts for _grops_. ## Options **--help **displays a usage message, while **-v **and **--version **show version information; all exit afterward. ### -b _ produces output at PostScript LanguageLevel 2 that conforms to version 3.0 of the Doc‐ ument Structuring Conventions. Some software and devices can't handle such a data stream. The value of _n_ determines what _grops_ does to make its output acceptable to such consumers. If _n_ is **0**, _grops_ employs no workarounds, which is the default; it can be changed by modifying the **broken **directive in _grops_'s _DESC_ file. Add 1 to suppress generation of **%%BeginDocumentSetup **and **%%EndDocumentSetup **comments; this is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by anything between the **%%EndProlog **comment and the first **%%Page **comment. Add 2 to omit lines in included files beginning with **%!**, which confuse Sun's _pageview_ previewer. Add 4 to omit lines in included files beginning with **%%Page**, **%%Trailer **and **%%End‐** **Prolog**; this is needed for spoolers that don't understand **%%BeginDocument **and **%%End‐** **Document **comments. Add 8 to write **%!PS-Adobe-2.0 **rather than **%!PS-Adobe-3.0 **as the first line of the PostScript output; this is needed when using Sun's Newsprint with a printer that re‐ quires page reversal. Add 16 to omit media size information (that is, output neither a **%%DocumentMedia **com‐ ment nor the **setpagedevice **PostScript command). This was the behavior of _groff_ 1.18.1 and earlier; it is needed for older printers that don't understand PostScript LanguageLevel 2, and is also necessary if the output is further processed to produce an EPS file; see subsection “Escapsulated PostScript” below. ### -c _ ### -F _ PostScript prologue files; _name_ is the name of the device, usually **ps**. ### -g imageable area is vertically centered on the page. This option allows you to generate documents that can be printed on both U.S. letter and A4 paper formats without change. ### -I _ quences. **-I **may be specified more than once; each _dir_ is searched in the given order. To search the current working directory before others, add “**-I .**” at the desired place; it is otherwise searched last. ### -l ### -m ### -p _ **paperwidth **directives in the _DESC_ file. _fmt_ can be any argument accepted by the **papersize **directive; see [_groff_font_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofffont/5/markdown). ### -P _ Use the file _prologue_, sought in the _groff_ font search path, as the PostScript pro‐ logue, overriding the default (see section “Files” below) and the environment variable _GROPS_PROLOGUE._ ### -w _ is **40 **(0.04 em). ## Usage The input to _grops_ must be in the format output by [_troff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/markdown), described in [_groff_out_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groffout/5/markdown). In addition, the device and font description files for the device used must meet certain re‐ quirements. The device resolution must be an integer multiple of 72 times the **sizescale**. The device description file must contain a valid paper format; see [_groff_font_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofffont/5/markdown). Each font description file must contain a directive internalname _psname_ which says that the PostScript name of the font is _psname_. A font description file may also contain a directive encoding _enc-file_ which says that the PostScript font should be reencoded using the encoding described in _enc-_ _file_; this file should consist of a sequence of lines of the form _pschar_ _code_ where _pschar_ is the PostScript name of the character, and _code_ is its position in the encod‐ ing expressed as a decimal integer; valid values are in the range 0 to 255. Lines starting with **# **and blank lines are ignored. The code for each character given in the font descrip‐ tion file must correspond to the code for the character in encoding file, or to the code in the default encoding for the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded. This code can be used with the **\N **escape sequence in _troff_ to select the character, even if it does not have a _groff_ glyph name. Every character in the font description file must exist in the PostScript font, and the widths given in the font description file must match the widths used in the PostScript font. _grops_ assumes that a character with a _groff_ name of **space **is blank (makes no marks on the page); it can make use of such a character to generate more efficient and compact PostScript output. _grops_ is able to display all glyphs in a PostScript font; it is not limited to 256 of them. _enc-file_ (or the default encoding if no encoding file is specified) just defines the order of glyphs for the first 256 characters; all other glyphs are accessed with additional encoding vectors which _grops_ produces on the fly. _grops_ can embed fonts in a document that are necessary to render it; this is called “down‐ loading”. Such fonts must be in PFA format. Use [_pfbtops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pfbtops/1/markdown) to convert a Type 1 font in PFB format. Downloadable fonts must be listed a _download_ file containing lines of the form _psname_ _file_ where _psname_ is the PostScript name of the font, and _file_ is the name of the file containing it; lines beginning with **# **and blank lines are ignored; fields may be separated by tabs or spaces. _file_ is sought using the same mechanism as that for _groff_ font description files. The _download_ file itself is also sought using this mechanism; currently, only the first matching file found in the device and font description search path is used. If the file containing a downloadable font or imported document conforms to the Adobe Docu‐ ment Structuring Conventions, then _grops_ interprets any comments in the files sufficiently to ensure that its own output is conforming. It also supplies any needed font resources that are listed in the _download_ file as well as any needed file resources. It is also able to handle inter-resource dependencies. For example, suppose that you have a downloadable font called Garamond, and also a downloadable font called Garamond-Outline which depends on Gara‐ mond (typically it would be defined to copy Garamond's font dictionary, and change the Paint‐ Type), then it is necessary for Garamond to appear before Garamond-Outline in the PostScript document. _grops_ handles this automatically provided that the downloadable font file for Garamond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by means of the Document Structuring Conventions, for example by beginning with the following lines. %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font %%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond %%EndComments %%IncludeResource: font Garamond In this case, both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need to be listed in the _download_ file. A downloadable font should not include its own name in a **%%DocumentSuppliedResources** comment. _grops_ does not interpret **%%DocumentFonts **comments. The **%%DocumentNeededResources**, **%%DocumentSuppliedResources**, **%%IncludeResource**, **%%BeginResource**, and **%%EndResource **comments (or possibly the old **%%DocumentNeededFonts**, **%%DocumentSuppliedFonts**, **%%IncludeFont**, **%%Begin‐** **Font**, and **%%EndFont **comments) should be used. The default stroke and fill color is black. For colors defined in the “rgb” color space, **setrgbcolor **is used; for “cmy” and “cmyk”, **setcmykcolor**; and for “gray”, **setgray**. **setcmyk‐** **color **is a PostScript LanguageLevel 2 command and thus not available on some older printers. ### Typefaces Styles called **R**, **I**, **B**, and **BI **mounted at font positions 1 to 4. Text fonts are grouped into families **A**, **BM**, **C**, **H**, **HN**, **N**, **P**, and **T**, each having members in each of these styles. **AR **AvantGarde-Book **AI **AvantGarde-BookOblique **AB **AvantGarde-Demi **ABI **AvantGarde-DemiOblique **BMR **Bookman-Light **BMI **Bookman-LightItalic **BMB **Bookman-Demi **BMBI **Bookman-DemiItalic **CR **Courier **CI **Courier-Oblique **CB **Courier-Bold **CBI **Courier-BoldOblique **HR **Helvetica **HI **Helvetica-Oblique **HB **Helvetica-Bold **HBI **Helvetica-BoldOblique **HNR **Helvetica-Narrow **HNI **Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique **HNB **Helvetica-Narrow-Bold **HNBI **Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique **NR **NewCenturySchlbk-Roman **NI **NewCenturySchlbk-Italic **NB **NewCenturySchlbk-Bold **NBI **NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic **PR **Palatino-Roman **PI **Palatino-Italic **PB **Palatino-Bold **PBI **Palatino-BoldItalic **TR **Times-Roman **TI **Times-Italic **TB **Times-Bold **TBI **Times-BoldItalic Another text font is not a member of a family. **ZCMI **ZapfChancery-MediumItalic Special fonts include **S**, the PostScript Symbol font; **ZD**, Zapf Dingbats; **SS **(slanted symbol), which contains oblique forms of lowercase Greek letters derived from Symbol; **EURO**, which of‐ fers a Euro glyph for use with old devices lacking it; and **ZDR**, a reversed version of ZapfD‐ ingbats (with symbols flipped about the vertical axis). Most glyphs in these fonts are un‐ named and must be accessed using **\N**. The last three are not standard PostScript fonts, but supplied by _groff_ and therefore included in the default _download_ file. ### Device control commands _grops_ recognizes device control commands produced by the **\X **escape sequence, but interprets only those that begin with a “**ps:**” tag. **\X'ps: exec _**code_**'** Execute the arbitrary PostScript commands _code_. The PostScript _currentpoint_ is set to the _groff_ drawing position when the **\X **escape sequence is interpreted before executing _code_. The origin is at the top left corner of the page; _x_ coordinates increase to the right, and _y_ coordinates down the page. A procedure **u **is defined that converts _groff_ basic units to the coordinate system in effect (provided the user doesn't change the scale). For example, .nr x 1i \X'ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke' draws a horizontal line one inch long. _code_ may make changes to the graphics state, but any changes persist only to the end of the page. A dictionary containing the def‐ initions specified by the **def **and **mdef **commands is on top of the dictionary stack. If your code adds definitions to this dictionary, you should allocate space for them us‐ ing “**\X'ps: mdef _**n_**'**”. Any definitions persist only until the end of the page. If you use the **\Y **escape sequence with an argument that names a macro, _code_ can extend over multiple lines. For example, .nr x 1i .de y ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke .. \Yy is another way to draw a horizontal line one inch long. The single backslash before “**nx**”—the only reason to use a register while defining the macro “**y**”—is to convert a user-specified dimension “**1i**” to _groff_ basic units which are in turn converted to PostScript units with the **u **procedure. _grops_ wraps user-specified PostScript code into a dictionary, nothing more. In par‐ ticular, it doesn't start and end the inserted code with **save **and **restore**, respec‐ tively. This must be supplied by the user, if necessary. **\X'ps: file _**name_**'** This is the same as the **exec **command except that the PostScript code is read from file _name_. **\X'ps: def _**code_**'** Place a PostScript definition contained in _code_ in the prologue. There should be at most one definition per **\X **command. Long definitions can be split over several **\X** commands; all the _code_ arguments are simply joined together separated by newlines. The definitions are placed in a dictionary which is automatically pushed on the dic‐ tionary stack when an **exec **command is executed. If you use the **\Y **escape sequence with an argument that names a macro, _code_ can extend over multiple lines. **\X'ps: mdef _**n_ _code_**'** Like **def**, except that _code_ may contain up to _n_ definitions. _grops_ needs to know how many definitions _code_ contains so that it can create an appropriately sized PostScript dictionary to contain them. **\X'ps: import _**file_ _llx_ _lly_ _urx_ _ury_ _width_ [_height_]**'** Import a PostScript graphic from _file_. The arguments _llx_, _lly_, _urx_, and _ury_ give the bounding box of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate system. They should all be integers: _llx_ and _lly_ are the _x_ and _y_ coordinates of the lower left corner of the graphic; _urx_ and _ury_ are the _x_ and _y_ coordinates of the upper right corner of the graphic; _width_ and _height_ are integers that give the desired width and height in _groff_ basic units of the graphic. The graphic is scaled so that it has this width and height and translated so that the lower left corner of the graphic is located at the position associated with **\X **com‐ mand. If the height argument is omitted it is scaled uniformly in the _x_ and _y_ axes so that it has the specified width. The contents of the **\X **command are not interpreted by _troff_, so vertical space for the graphic is not automatically added, and the _width_ and _height_ arguments are not allowed to have attached scaling indicators. If the PostScript file complies with the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions and contains a **%%BoundingBox **comment, then the bounding box can be automatically extracted from within _groff_ input by using the **psbb **request. See [_groff_tmac_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofftmac/5/markdown) for a description of the **PSPIC **macro which provides a convenient high-level interface for inclusion of PostScript graphics. ### \X'ps: invis' ### \X'ps: endinvis' No output is generated for text and drawing commands that are bracketed with these **\X** commands. These commands are intended for use when output from _troff_ is previewed be‐ fore being processed with _grops_; if the previewer is unable to display certain charac‐ ters or other constructs, then other substitute characters or constructs can be used for previewing by bracketing them with these **\X **commands. For example, _gxditview_ is not able to display a proper **\[em] **character because the standard X11 fonts do not provide it; this problem can be overcome by executing the following request .char \[em] \X'ps: invis'\ \Z'\v'-.25m'\h'.05m'\D'l .9m 0'\h'.05m''\ \X'ps: endinvis'\[em] In this case, _gxditview_ is unable to display the **\[em] **character and draws the line, whereas _grops_ prints the **\[em] **character and ignores the line (this code is already in file _Xps.tmac_, which is loaded if a document intended for _grops_ is previewed with _gxditview_). If a PostScript procedure **BPhook **has been defined via a “**ps: def**” or “**ps: mdef**” device con‐ trol command, it is executed at the beginning of every page (before anything is drawn or written by _groff_). For example, to underlay the page contents with the word “DRAFT” in light gray, you might use .de XX ps: def /BPhook { gsave .9 setgray clippath pathbbox exch 2 copy .5 mul exch .5 mul translate atan rotate pop pop /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman findfont 200 scalefont setfont (DRAFT) dup stringwidth pop -.5 mul -70 moveto show grestore } def .. .devicem XX Or, to cause lines and polygons to be drawn with square linecaps and mitered linejoins in‐ stead of the round linecaps and linejoins normally used by _grops_, use .de XX ps: def /BPhook { 2 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin } def .. .devicem XX (square linecaps, as opposed to butt linecaps (“**0 setlinecap**”), give true corners in boxed tables even though the lines are drawn unconnected). ### Encapsulated PostScript _grops_ itself doesn't emit bounding box information. The following script, _groff2eps_, pro‐ duces an EPS file. #! /bin/sh groff -P-b16 "$1" > "$1".ps gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=bbox -- "$1".ps 2> "$1".bbox sed -e "/^%%Orientation/r $1.bbox" \ -e "/^%!PS-Adobe-3.0/s/$/ EPSF-3.0/" "$1".ps > "$1".eps rm "$1".ps "$1".bbox You can then use “**groff2eps foo**” to convert file _foo_ to _foo.eps_. ### TrueType and other font formats TrueType fonts can be used with _grops_ if converted first to Type 42 format, a PostScript wrapper equivalent to the PFA format described in [_pfbtops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pfbtops/1/markdown). Several methods exist to gen‐ erate a Type 42 wrapper; some of them involve the use of a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript—see [_gs_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gs/1/markdown). One approach is to use [FontForge](), a font editor that can convert most outline font formats. Here's an example of using the Roboto Slab Serif font with _groff_. Several variables are used so that you can more easily adapt it into your own script. MAP=/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/generate/text.map TTF=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto/slab/RobotoSlab-Regular.ttf BASE=$(basename "$TTF") INT=${BASE%.ttf} PFA=$INT.pfa AFM=$INT.afm GFN=RSR DIR=$HOME/.local/groff/font mkdir -p "$DIR"/devps fontforge -lang=ff -c "Open(\"$TTF\");\ Generate(\"$DIR/devps/$PFA\");" afmtodit "$DIR/devps/$AFM" "$MAP" "$DIR/devps/$GFN" printf "$BASE\t$PFA\n" >> "$DIR/devps/download" _fontforge_ and _afmtodit_ may generate warnings depending on the attributes of the font. The test procedure is simple. printf ".ft RSR\nHello, world!\n" | groff -F "$DIR" > hello.ps Once you're satisfied that the font works, you may want to generate any available related styles (for instance, Roboto Slab also has “Bold”, “Light”, and “Thin” styles) and set up _GROFF_FONT_PATH_ in your environment to include the directory you keep the generated fonts in so that you don't have to use the **-F **option. ## Font installation The following is a step-by-step font installation guide for _grops._ • Convert your font to something _groff_ understands. This is a PostScript Type 1 font in PFA format or a PostScript Type 42 font, together with an AFM file. A PFA file begins as fol‐ lows. %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: A PFB file contains this string as well, preceded by some non-printing bytes. If your font is in PFB format, use _groff_'s [_pfbtops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pfbtops/1/markdown) program to convert it to PFA. For TrueType and other font formats, we recommend _fontforge_, which can convert most outline font formats. A Type 42 font file begins as follows. %!PS-TrueTypeFont This is a wrapper format for TrueType fonts. Old PostScript printers might not support them (that is, they might not have a built-in TrueType font interpreter). In the following steps, we will consider the use of CTAN's [BrushScriptX-Italic]() font in PFA format. • Convert the AFM file to a _groff_ font description file with the [_afmtodit_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/afmtodit/1/markdown) program. For instance, $ **afmtodit BrushScriptX-Italic.afm text.map BSI** converts the Adobe Font Metric file _BrushScriptX-Italic.afm_ to the _groff_ font description file _BSI_. If you have a font family which provides regular upright (roman), bold, italic, and bold- italic styles (where “italic” may be “oblique” or “slanted”), we recommend using the let‐ ters **R**, **B**, **I**, and **BI**, respectively, as suffixes to the _groff_ font family name to enable _groff_'s font family and style selection features. An example is _groff_'s built-in support for Times: the font family name is abbreviated as **T**, and the _groff_ font names are therefore **TR**, **TB**, **TI**, and **TBI**. In our example, however, the BrushScriptX font is available in a sin‐ gle style only, italic. • Install the _groff_ font description file(s) in a _devps_ subdirectory in the search path that _groff_ uses for device and font file descriptions. See the _GROFF_FONT_PATH_ entry in section “Environment” of [_troff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/markdown) for the current value of the font search path. While _groff_ doesn't directly use AFM files, it is a good idea to store them alongside its font descrip‐ tion files. • Register fonts in the _devps/download_ file so they can be located for embedding in Post‐ Script files _grops_ generates. Only the first _download_ file encountered in the font search path is read. If in doubt, copy the default _download_ file (see section “Files” below) to the first directory in the font search path and add your fonts there. The PostScript font name used by _grops_ is stored in the **internalname **field in the _groff_ font description file. (This name does not necessarily resemble the font's file name.) We add the following line to _download_. BrushScriptX-Italic→BrushScriptX-Italic.pfa A tab character, depicted as →, separates the fields. • Test the selection and embedding of the new font. printf "\\f[BSI]Hello, world!\n" | groff -T ps -P -e >hello.ps see hello.pdf **Old fonts** _groff_ versions 1.19.2 and earlier contained descriptions of a slightly different set of the base 35 PostScript level 2 fonts defined by Adobe. The older set has 229 glyphs and a larger set of kerning pairs; the newer one has 314 glyphs and includes the Euro glyph. For back‐ wards compatibility, these old font descriptions are also installed in the _/usr/share/groff/_ _1.23.0/oldfont/devps_ directory. To use them, make sure that _grops_ finds the fonts before the default system fonts (with the same names): either give _grops_ the **-F **command-line option, $ **groff -Tps -P-F -P/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/oldfont **... or add the directory to _groff_'s font and device description search path environment variable, $ **GROFF_FONT_PATH=/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/oldfont \** **groff -Tps **... when the command runs. ## Environment _GROFF_FONT_PATH_ A list of directories in which to seek the selected output device's directory of de‐ vice and font description files. See [_troff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/markdown) and [_groff_font_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofffont/5/markdown). _GROPS_PROLOGUE_ If this is set to _foo_, then _grops_ uses the file _foo_ (in the font path) instead of the default prologue file _prologue_. The option **-P **overrides this environment variable. _SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_ A timestamp (expressed as seconds since the Unix epoch) to use as the output creation timestamp in place of the current time. The time is converted to human-readable form using [_gmtime_(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/gmtime/3/markdown) and [_asctime_(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/asctime/3/markdown), and recorded in a PostScript comment. _TZ_ The time zone to use when converting the current time to human-readable form; see [_tzset_(3)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tzset/3/markdown). If _SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_ is used, it is always converted to human-readable form using UTC. ## Files _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/DESC_ describes the **ps **output device. _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/_F describes the font known as _F_ on device **ps**. _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/download_ lists fonts available for embedding within the PostScript document (or download to the device). _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/prologue_ is the default PostScript prologue prefixed to every output file. _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devps/text.enc_ describes the encoding scheme used by most PostScript Type 1 fonts; the **encoding **di‐ rective of font description files for the **ps **device refers to it. _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/tmac/ps.tmac_ defines macros for use with the **ps **output device. It is automatically loaded by _trof‐_ _frc_ when the **ps **output device is selected. _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/tmac/pspic.tmac_ defines the **PSPIC **macro for embedding images in a document; see [_groff_tmac_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofftmac/5/markdown). It is automatically loaded by _troffrc._ _/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/tmac/psold.tmac_ provides replacement glyphs for text fonts that lack complete coverage of the ISO Latin-1 character set; using it, _groff_ can produce glyphs like eth (ð) and thorn (þ) that older PostScript printers do not natively support. _grops_ creates temporary files using the template “_grops_XXXXXX”; see [_groff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groff/1/markdown) for details on their storage location. **See also** [PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions Specification]() [_afmtodit_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/afmtodit/1/markdown), [_groff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groff/1/markdown), [_troff_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/markdown), [_pfbtops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pfbtops/1/markdown), [_groff_char_(7)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groffchar/7/markdown), [_groff_font_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofffont/5/markdown), [_groff_out_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groffout/5/markdown), [_groff_tmac_(5)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofftmac/5/markdown) groff 1.23.0 31 March 2024 [_grops_(1)](https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grops/1/markdown)