{
    "mode": "man",
    "parameter": "GROPS",
    "section": "1",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/GROPS/1/json",
    "generated": "2026-05-30T06:05:59Z",
    "synopsis": "grops [-glmv] [-b n] [-c n] [-F dir] [-I dir] [-p papersize] [-P prologue] [-w n] [file ...]",
    "sections": {
        "NAME": {
            "content": "grops - PostScript driver for groff\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SYNOPSIS": {
            "content": "grops [-glmv] [-b n] [-c n] [-F dir] [-I dir] [-p papersize] [-P prologue] [-w n] [file ...]\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "DESCRIPTION": {
            "content": "grops  translates the output of GNU troff to PostScript.  Normally grops should be invoked by\nusing the groff command with a -Tps option.  (Actually, this is the default for  groff.)   If\nno  files  are  given,  grops reads the standard input.  A filename of - also causes grops to\nread the standard input.  PostScript output is written to the standard output.  When grops is\nrun by groff options can be passed to grops using groff's -P option.\n\nNote that grops doesn't produce a valid document structure (conforming to the Document Struc‐\nturing Convention) if called with multiple file arguments.  To print such concatenated output\nit is necessary to deactivate DSC handling in the printing program or previewer.  See section\n“Font Installation” below for a guide how to install fonts for grops.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "OPTIONS": {
            "content": "Whitespace is permitted between a command-line option and its argument.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "-b",
                    "content": "grops  produces  output  at  PostScript  LanguageLevel 2 that conforms to the Document\nStructuring Conventions version 3.0.  Some older printers,  spoolers,  and  previewers\ncan't  handle such output.  The value of n controls what grops does to make its output\nacceptable to such programs.  A value of 0 causes grops not to employ any workarounds.\n\nAdd 1 if no %%BeginDocumentSetup and %%EndDocumentSetup comments should be  generated;\nthis  is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by anything between\nthe %%EndProlog comment and the first %%Page comment.\n\nAdd 2 if lines in included files beginning with %! should be  stripped  out;  this  is\nneeded for Sun's pageview previewer.\n\nAdd 4 if %%Page, %%Trailer and %%EndProlog comments should be stripped out of included\nfiles; this is needed for spoolers  that  don't  understand  the  %%BeginDocument  and\n%%EndDocument comments.\n\nAdd  8 if the first line of the PostScript output should be %!PS-Adobe-2.0 rather than\n%!PS-Adobe-3.0; this is needed when using Sun's Newsprint with a printer that requires\npage reversal.\n\nAdd  16 if no media size information should be included in the document (this is, nei‐\nther use %%DocumentMedia nor the setpagedevice PostScript command).  This was the  be‐\nhaviour  of  groff  version  1.18.1 and earlier; it is needed for older printers which\ndon't understand PostScript LanguageLevel 2.  It is also necessary if  the  output  is\nfurther processed to get an encapsulated PS (EPS) file – see below.\n\nThe default value can be specified by a\n\nbroken n\n\ncommand in the DESC file.  Otherwise the default value is 0.\n",
                    "flag": "-b"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-c",
                    "content": "",
                    "flag": "-c"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-F",
                    "content": "scription files; name is the name of the device, usually ps.\n",
                    "flag": "-F"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-g",
                    "content": "The  guess  is  correct only if the imageable area is vertically centered on the page.\nThis option allows you to generate documents  that  can  be  printed  both  on  letter\n(8.5×11) paper and on A4 paper without change.\n",
                    "flag": "-g"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-I",
                    "content": "line and files named in \\X'ps: import' and \\X'ps: file' escapes.  The search  path  is\ninitialized  with the current directory.  This option may be specified more than once;\nthe directories are then searched in the order specified (but before the  current  di‐\nrectory).  If you want to make the current directory be read before other directories,\nadd -I. at the appropriate place.\n\nNo directory search is performed for files with an absolute file name.\n",
                    "flag": "-I"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-l",
                    "content": "",
                    "flag": "-l"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-m",
                    "content": "",
                    "flag": "-m"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-p",
                    "content": "Set physical dimension of output medium.  This overrides the  papersize,  paperlength,\nand  paperwidth commands in the DESC file; it accepts the same arguments as the paper‐‐\nsize command.  See grofffont (5) for details.\n",
                    "flag": "-p"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-P",
                    "content": "Use the file prologue-file (in the font path) as the prologue instead of  the  default\nprologue  file  prologue.   This  option overrides the environment variable GROPSPRO‐\nLOGUE.\n",
                    "flag": "-P"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-w",
                    "content": "not given, the line thickness defaults to 0.04 em.\n",
                    "flag": "-w"
                },
                {
                    "name": "-v",
                    "content": "",
                    "flag": "-v"
                }
            ]
        },
        "USAGE": {
            "content": "The  input  to  grops  must  be  in  the  format  output  by  troff(1).  This is described in\ngroffout(5).\n\nIn addition, the device and font description files for the device used must meet certain  re‐\nquirements: The resolution must be an integer multiple of 72 times the sizescale.  The ps de‐\nvice uses a resolution of 72000 and a sizescale of 1000.\n\nThe device description file must contain a valid paper size; see grofffont(5) for  more  in‐\nformation.\n\nEach font description file must contain a command\n\ninternalname psname\n\nwhich says that the PostScript name of the font is psname.  It may also contain a command\n\nencoding encfile\n\nwhich  says  that  the  PostScript  font  should be reencoded using the encoding described in\nencfile; this file should consist of a sequence of lines of the form:\n\npschar code\n\nwhere pschar is the PostScript name of the character, and code is its position in the  encod‐\ning  expressed  as a decimal integer; valid values are in the range 0 to 255.  Lines starting\nwith # and blank lines are ignored.  The code for each character given in the font file  must\ncorrespond  to the code for the character in encoding file, or to the code in the default en‐\ncoding for the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded.  This  code  can  be  used\nwith  the \\N escape sequence in troff to select the character, even if the character does not\nhave a groff name.  Every character in the font file must exist in the PostScript  font,  and\nthe  widths  given in the font file must match the widths used in the PostScript font.  grops\nassumes that a character with a groff name of space is blank (makes no marks on the page); it\ncan make use of such a character to generate more efficient and compact PostScript output.\n\nNote  that  grops is able to display all glyphs in a PostScript font, not only 256.  encfile\n(or the default encoding if no encoding file specified) just defines the order of glyphs  for\nthe  first  256  characters;  all  other glyphs are accessed with additional encoding vectors\nwhich grops produces on the fly.\n\ngrops can automatically include the downloadable fonts necessary to print the document.  Such\nfonts  must  be  in  PFA format.  Use pfbtops(1) to convert a Type 1 font in PFB format.  Any\ndownloadable fonts which should, when required, be included by grops must be  listed  in  the\nfile /usr/share/groff/1.22.4/font/devps/download; this should consist of lines of the form\n\nfont filename\n\nwhere  font is the PostScript name of the font, and filename is the name of the file contain‐\ning the font; lines beginning with # and blank lines are ignored; fields may be separated  by\ntabs or spaces; filename is searched for using the same mechanism that is used for groff font\nmetric files.  The download file itself is also searched for using this mechanism; currently,\nonly the first found file in the font path is used.\n\nIf  the  file containing a downloadable font or imported document conforms to the Adobe Docu‐\nment Structuring Conventions, then grops interprets any comments in the files sufficiently to\nensure  that  its  own output is conforming.  It also supplies any needed font resources that\nare listed in the download file as well as any needed file resources.  It  is  also  able  to\nhandle  inter-resource  dependencies.  For example, suppose that you have a downloadable font\ncalled Garamond, and also a downloadable font called Garamond-Outline which depends on  Gara‐\nmond (typically it would be defined to copy Garamond's font dictionary, and change the Paint‐\nType), then it is necessary for Garamond to appear before Garamond-Outline in the  PostScript\ndocument.   grops  handles  this  automatically  provided that the downloadable font file for\nGaramond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by means of  the  Document  Structuring\nConventions, for example by beginning with the following lines\n\n%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font\n%%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond\n%%EndComments\n%%IncludeResource: font Garamond\n\nIn this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need to be listed in the download file.\nA downloadable font should not include its own name in a %%DocumentSuppliedResources comment.\n\ngrops  does  not  interpret   %%DocumentFonts   comments.    The   %%DocumentNeededResources,\n%%DocumentSuppliedResources,  %%IncludeResource,  %%BeginResource, and %%EndResource comments\n(or possibly the old %%DocumentNeededFonts, %%DocumentSuppliedFonts, %%IncludeFont,  %%Begin‐‐\nFont, and %%EndFont comments) should be used.\n\nIn  the  default  setup  there  are styles called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font positions 1\nto 4.  The fonts are grouped into families A, BM, C, H, HN, N, P, and  T  having  members  in\neach of these styles:\n\nAR     AvantGarde-Book\nAI     AvantGarde-BookOblique\nAB     AvantGarde-Demi\nABI    AvantGarde-DemiOblique\nBMR    Bookman-Light\nBMI    Bookman-LightItalic\nBMB    Bookman-Demi\nBMBI   Bookman-DemiItalic\nCR     Courier\nCI     Courier-Oblique\nCB     Courier-Bold\nCBI    Courier-BoldOblique\nHR     Helvetica\nHI     Helvetica-Oblique\nHB     Helvetica-Bold\nHBI    Helvetica-BoldOblique\nHNR    Helvetica-Narrow\nHNI    Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique\nHNB    Helvetica-Narrow-Bold\nHNBI   Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique\nNR     NewCenturySchlbk-Roman\nNI     NewCenturySchlbk-Italic\nNB     NewCenturySchlbk-Bold\nNBI    NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic\nPR     Palatino-Roman\nPI     Palatino-Italic\nPB     Palatino-Bold\nPBI    Palatino-BoldItalic\nTR     Times-Roman\nTI     Times-Italic\nTB     Times-Bold\nTBI    Times-BoldItalic\n\nThere is also the following font which is not a member of a family:\n\nZCMI   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic\n\nThere are also some special fonts called S for the PS Symbol font, and SS, containing slanted\nlowercase Greek letters taken from PS Symbol.  Zapf Dingbats is available as ZD,  and  a  re‐\nversed version of ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite direction) is available\nas ZDR; most characters in these fonts are unnamed and must be accessed using \\N.\n\nThe default color for \\m and \\M is black; for colors defined in the ‘rgb’ color space setrgb‐‐\ncolor is used, for ‘cmy’ and ‘cmyk’ setcmykcolor, and for ‘gray’ setgray.  Note that setcmyk‐‐\ncolor is a PostScript LanguageLevel 2 command and thus not available on some older printers.\n\ngrops understands various X commands produced using the \\X escape sequence; grops only inter‐\nprets commands that begin with a ps: tag.\n\n\\X'ps: exec code'\nThis  executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in code.  The PostScript currentpoint\nis set to the position of the \\X command before executing code.  The origin is at  the\ntop  left corner of the page, and y coordinates increase down the page.  A procedure u\nis defined that converts groff units to the coordinate system in effect (provided  the\nuser doesn't change the scale).  For example,\n\n.nr x 1i\n\\X'ps: exec \\nx u 0 rlineto stroke'\n\ndraws  a  horizontal line one inch long.  code may make changes to the graphics state,\nbut any changes persist only to the end of the page.  A dictionary containing the def‐\ninitions  specified  by  the  def and mdef is on top of the dictionary stack.  If your\ncode adds definitions to this dictionary, you should allocate  space  for  them  using\n\\X'ps mdef n'.   Any  definitions  persist only until the end of the page.  If you use\nthe \\Y escape sequence with an argument that names a macro, code can extend over  mul‐\ntiple lines.  For example,\n\n.nr x 1i\n.de y\nps: exec\n\\nx u 0 rlineto\nstroke\n..\n\\Yy\n\nis another way to draw a horizontal line one inch long.  Note the single backslash be‐\nfore ‘nx’ – the only reason to use a number register while defining the macro  ‘y’  is\nto  convert  a user-specified dimension ‘1i’ to internal groff units which are in turn\nconverted to PS units with the u procedure.\n\ngrops wraps user-specified PostScript code into a dictionary, nothing more.   In  par‐\nticular,  it  doesn't  start  and end the inserted code with save and restore, respec‐\ntively.  This must be supplied by the user, if necessary.\n\n\\X'ps: file name'\nThis is the same as the exec command except that the PostScript code is read from file\nname.\n\n\\X'ps: def code'\nPlace  a  PostScript definition contained in code in the prologue.  There should be at\nmost one definition per \\X command.  Long definitions can be  split  over  several  \\X\ncommands;  all  the  code  arguments are simply joined together separated by newlines.\nThe definitions are placed in a dictionary which is automatically pushed on  the  dic‐\ntionary  stack  when  an  exec command is executed.  If you use the \\Y escape sequence\nwith an argument that names a macro, code can extend over multiple lines.\n\n\\X'ps: mdef n code'\nLike def, except that code may contain up to n definitions.  grops needs to  know  how\nmany definitions code contains so that it can create an appropriately sized PostScript\ndictionary to contain them.\n\n\\X'ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]'\nImport a PostScript graphic from file.  The arguments llx, lly, urx, and ury give  the\nbounding  box  of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate system; they should\nall be integers; llx and lly are the x and y coordinates of the lower left  corner  of\nthe  graphic; urx and ury are the x and y coordinates of the upper right corner of the\ngraphic; width and height are integers that give the desired width and height in groff\nunits of the graphic.\n\nThe  graphic is scaled so that it has this width and height and translated so that the\nlower left corner of the graphic is located at the position associated  with  \\X  com‐\nmand.   If the height argument is omitted it is scaled uniformly in the x and y direc‐\ntions so that it has the specified width.\n\nNote that the contents of the \\X command are not interpreted  by  troff;  so  vertical\nspace  for  the graphic is not automatically added, and the width and height arguments\nare not allowed to have attached scaling indicators.\n\nIf the PostScript file complies with the Adobe Document  Structuring  Conventions  and\ncontains a %%BoundingBox comment, then the bounding box can be automatically extracted\nfrom within groff by using the psbb request.\n\nSee grofftmac(5) for a description of the PSPIC macro  which  provides  a  convenient\nhigh-level interface for inclusion of PostScript graphics.\n",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "\\X'ps: invis'",
                    "content": ""
                },
                {
                    "name": "\\X'ps: endinvis'",
                    "content": "No  output is generated for text and drawing commands that are bracketed with these \\X\ncommands.  These commands are intended for use when output from troff is previewed be‐\nfore being processed with grops; if the previewer is unable to display certain charac‐\nters or other constructs, then other substitute characters or constructs can  be  used\nfor previewing by bracketing them with these \\X commands.\n\nFor  example,  gxditview  is  not  able to display a proper \\(em character because the\nstandard X11 fonts do not provide it; this problem can be overcome  by  executing  the\nfollowing request\n\n.char \\(em \\X'ps: invis'\\\n\\Z'\\v'-.25m'\\h'.05m'\\D'l .9m 0'\\h'.05m''\\\n\\X'ps: endinvis'\\(em\n\nIn  this  case,  gxditview is unable to display the \\(em character and draws the line,\nwhereas grops prints the \\(em character and ignores the line (this code is already  in\nfile  Xps.tmac  which  is  loaded  if  a document intended for grops is previewed with\ngxditview).\n\nIf a PostScript procedure BPhook has been defined via a ‘ps: def’ or ‘ps: mdef’  device  com‐\nmand,  it  is executed at the beginning of every page (before anything is drawn or written by\ngroff).  For example, to underlay the page contents with the word ‘DRAFT’ in light gray,  you\nmight use\n\n.de XX\nps: def\n/BPhook\n{ gsave .9 setgray clippath pathbbox exch 2 copy\n.5 mul exch .5 mul translate atan rotate pop pop\n/NewCenturySchlbk-Roman findfont 200 scalefont setfont\n(DRAFT) dup stringwidth pop -.5 mul -70 moveto show\ngrestore }\ndef\n..\n.devicem XX\n\nOr,  to  cause  lines and polygons to be drawn with square linecaps and mitered linejoins in‐\nstead of the round linecaps and linejoins normally used by grops, use\n\n.de XX\nps: def\n/BPhook { 2 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin } def\n..\n.devicem XX\n\n(square linecaps, as opposed to butt linecaps (0 setlinecap), give true corners in boxed  ta‐\nbles even though the lines are drawn unconnected).\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Encapsulated PostScript",
                    "content": "grops itself doesn't emit bounding box information.  With the help of Ghostscript the follow‐\ning simple script, groff2eps, produces an encapsulated PS file.\n\n#! /bin/sh\ngroff -P-b16 $1 > $1.ps\ngs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=bbox -- $1.ps 2> $1.bbox\nsed -e \"/^%%Orientation/r $1.bbox\" \\\n-e \"/^%!PS-Adobe-3.0/s/$/ EPSF-3.0/\" $1.ps > $1.eps\nrm $1.ps $1.bbox\n\nJust say\n\ngroff2eps foo\n\nto convert file foo to foo.eps.\n"
                },
                {
                    "name": "TrueType and other font formats",
                    "content": "TrueType fonts can be used with grops if converted first to Type 42 format, a  special  Post‐\nScript  wrapper equivalent to the PFA format mentioned in pfbtops(1).  There are several dif‐\nferent methods to generate a type42 wrapper and most of them involve the use of a  PostScript\ninterpreter such as Ghostscript – see gs(1).\n\nYet,  the  easiest method involves the use of the application ttftot42(1).  This program uses\nfreetype(3) (version 1.3.1) to generate type42 font wrappers and well-formed AFM  files  that\ncan  be fed to the afmtodit(1) script to create appropriate metric files.  The resulting font\nwrappers should be added to the download file.  ttftot42 source code can be  downloaded  from\nftp://www.giga.or.at/pub/nih/ttftot42/ ⟨ftp://www.giga.or.at/pub/nih/ttftot42/⟩.\n\nAnother  solution  for  creating  type42 wrappers is to use FontForge, available from http://\nfontforge.sf.net ⟨http://fontforge.sf.net⟩.  This font editor can convert most  outline  font\nformats.\n"
                }
            ]
        },
        "FONT INSTALLATION": {
            "content": "This  section  gives a summary of the above explanations; it can serve as a step-by-step font\ninstallation guide for grops.\n\n•  Convert your font to something groff understands.  This is either  a  PostScript  Type  1\nfont in PFA format or a PostScript Type 42 font, together with an AFM file.\n\nThe very first characters in a PFA file look like this:\n\n%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0:\n\nA  PFB  file has this also in the first line, but the string is preceded with some binary\nbytes.\n\nThe very first characters in a Type 42 font file look like this:\n\n%!PS-TrueTypeFont\n\nThis is a wrapper format for TrueType fonts.  Old PS printers might not support it  (this\nis, they don't have a built-in TrueType font interpreter).\n\nIf  your font is in PFB format (such fonts normally have .pfb as the file extension), you\nmight use groff's pfbtops(1) program to convert it  to  PFA.   For  TrueType  fonts,  try\nttftot42  or  fontforge.  For all other font formats use fontforge which can convert most\noutline font formats.\n\n•  Convert the AFM file to a groff font description file with the afmtodit(1)  program.   An\nexample call is\n\nafmtodit Foo-Bar-Bold.afm textmap FBB\n\nwhich  converts  the  metric  file Foo-Bar-Bold.afm to the groff font FBB.  If you have a\nfont family which comes with normal, bold, italic, and bold italic faces,  it  is  recom‐\nmended  to  use the letters R, B, I, and BI, respectively, as postfixes in the groff font\nnames to make groff's ‘.fam’ request work.  An example is  groff's  built-in  Times-Roman\nfont: The font family name is T, and the groff font names are TR, TB, TI, and TBI.\n\n•  Install  both  the  groff font description files and the fonts in a devps subdirectory of\nthe font path which groff finds.  See section “Environment” in troff(1)  for  the  actual\nvalue of the font path.  Note that groff doesn't use the AFM files (but it is a good idea\nto store them anyway).\n\n•  Register all fonts which must be downloaded to the printer in  the  devps/download  file.\nOnly  the  first  occurrence  of this file in the font path is read.  This means that you\nshould copy the default download file to the first directory in your font  path  and  add\nyour fonts there.  To continue the above example we assume that the PS font name for Foo-\nBar-Bold.pfa is ‘XY-Foo-Bar-Bold’ (the PS font name is stored in the  internalname  field\nin the FBB file), thus the following line should be added to download.\n\nXY-Foo-Bar-Bold Foo-Bar-Bold.pfa\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "OLD FONTS": {
            "content": "groff  versions  1.19.2  and  earlier  contain  a slightly different set of the 35 Adobe core\nfonts; the difference is mainly the lack of the ‘Euro’ glyph and a  reduced  set  of  kerning\npairs.  For backwards compatibility, these old fonts are installed also in the\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/oldfont/devps\n\ndirectory.\n\nTo  use  them, make sure that grops finds the fonts before the default system fonts (with the\nsame names): Either add command-line option -F to grops\n\ngroff -Tps -P-F -P/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/oldfont ...\n\nor add the directory to groff's font path environment variable\n\nGROFFFONTPATH=/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/oldfont\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "ENVIRONMENT": {
            "content": "GROPSPROLOGUE\nIf this is set to foo, then grops uses the file foo (in the font path) instead of  the\ndefault prologue file prologue.  The option -P overrides this environment variable.\n\nGROFFFONTPATH\nA  list of directories in which to search for the devname directory in addition to the\ndefault ones.  See troff(1) and grofffont(5) for more details.\n\nSOURCEDATEEPOCH\nA timestamp (expressed as seconds since the Unix epoch) to use as the  creation  time‐\nstamp in place of the current time.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "FILES": {
            "content": "/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/font/devps/DESC\nDevice description file.\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/font/devps/F\nFont description file for font F.\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/font/devps/download\nList of downloadable fonts.\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/font/devps/text.enc\nEncoding used for text fonts.\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/tmac/ps.tmac\nMacros for use with grops; automatically loaded by troffrc\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/tmac/pspic.tmac\nDefinition of PSPIC macro, automatically loaded by ps.tmac.\n\n/usr/share/groff/1.22.4/tmac/psold.tmac\nMacros  to  disable  use of characters not present in older PostScript printers (e.g.,\n‘eth’ or ‘thorn’).\n\n/tmp/gropsXXXXXX\nTemporary file.  See groff(1) for details on the location of temporary files.\n",
            "subsections": []
        },
        "SEE ALSO": {
            "content": "afmtodit(1), groff(1),  troff(1),  pfbtops(1),  groffout(5),  grofffont(5),  groffchar(7),\ngrofftmac(5)\n\nPostScript    Language    Document    Structuring    Conventions    Specification    ⟨http://\npartners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/ps/5001.DSCSpec.pdf⟩\n\n\n\ngroff 1.22.4                                23 March 2022                                   GROPS(1)",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "summary": "grops - PostScript driver for groff",
    "flags": [
        {
            "flag": "-b",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "grops produces output at PostScript LanguageLevel 2 that conforms to the Document Structuring Conventions version 3.0. Some older printers, spoolers, and previewers can't handle such output. The value of n controls what grops does to make its output acceptable to such programs. A value of 0 causes grops not to employ any workarounds. Add 1 if no %%BeginDocumentSetup and %%EndDocumentSetup comments should be generated; this is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by anything between the %%EndProlog comment and the first %%Page comment. Add 2 if lines in included files beginning with %! should be stripped out; this is needed for Sun's pageview previewer. Add 4 if %%Page, %%Trailer and %%EndProlog comments should be stripped out of included files; this is needed for spoolers that don't understand the %%BeginDocument and %%EndDocument comments. Add 8 if the first line of the PostScript output should be %!PS-Adobe-2.0 rather than %!PS-Adobe-3.0; this is needed when using Sun's Newsprint with a printer that requires page reversal. Add 16 if no media size information should be included in the document (this is, nei‐ ther use %%DocumentMedia nor the setpagedevice PostScript command). This was the be‐ haviour of groff version 1.18.1 and earlier; it is needed for older printers which don't understand PostScript LanguageLevel 2. It is also necessary if the output is further processed to get an encapsulated PS (EPS) file – see below. The default value can be specified by a broken n command in the DESC file. Otherwise the default value is 0."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-c",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "flag": "-F",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "scription files; name is the name of the device, usually ps."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-g",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "The guess is correct only if the imageable area is vertically centered on the page. This option allows you to generate documents that can be printed both on letter (8.5×11) paper and on A4 paper without change."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-I",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "line and files named in \\X'ps: import' and \\X'ps: file' escapes. The search path is initialized with the current directory. This option may be specified more than once; the directories are then searched in the order specified (but before the current di‐ rectory). If you want to make the current directory be read before other directories, add -I. at the appropriate place. No directory search is performed for files with an absolute file name."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-l",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "flag": "-m",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "flag": "-p",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "Set physical dimension of output medium. This overrides the papersize, paperlength, and paperwidth commands in the DESC file; it accepts the same arguments as the paper‐‐ size command. See grofffont (5) for details."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-P",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "Use the file prologue-file (in the font path) as the prologue instead of the default prologue file prologue. This option overrides the environment variable GROPSPRO‐ LOGUE."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-w",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": "not given, the line thickness defaults to 0.04 em."
        },
        {
            "flag": "-v",
            "long": null,
            "arg": null,
            "description": ""
        }
    ],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": [
        {
            "name": "afmtodit",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/afmtodit/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "groff",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groff/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "troff",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/troff/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "pfbtops",
            "section": "1",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/pfbtops/1/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "groffout",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groffout/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "grofffont",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofffont/5/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "groffchar",
            "section": "7",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/groffchar/7/json"
        },
        {
            "name": "grofftmac",
            "section": "5",
            "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/grofftmac/5/json"
        }
    ]
}