phpman > man > CGI::Carp

NAME
    CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS
        use CGI::Carp;

        croak "We're outta here!";
        confess "It was my fault: $!";
        carp "It was your fault!";
        warn "I'm confused";
        die  "I'm dying.\n";

        use CGI::Carp qw(cluck);
        cluck "I wouldn't do that if I were you";

        use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
        die "Fatal error messages are now sent to browser";

DESCRIPTION
    CGI scripts have a nasty habit of leaving warning messages in the error logs that are neither
    time stamped nor fully identified. Tracking down the script that caused the error is a pain.
    This fixes that. Replace the usual

        use Carp;

    with

        use CGI::Carp

    The standard warn(), die (), croak(), confess() and carp() calls will be replaced with functions
    that write time-stamped messages to the HTTP server error log.

    For example:

       [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm confused at test.pl line 3.
       [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: Got an error message: Permission denied.
       [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm dying.

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
    By default, error messages are sent to STDERR. Most HTTPD servers direct STDERR to the server's
    error log. Some applications may wish to keep private error logs, distinct from the server's
    error log, or they may wish to direct error messages to STDOUT so that the browser will receive
    them.

    The "carpout()" function is provided for this purpose. Since carpout() is not exported by
    default, you must import it explicitly by saying

       use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);

    The carpout() function requires one argument, a reference to an open filehandle for writing
    errors. It should be called in a "BEGIN" block at the top of the CGI application so that
    compiler errors will be caught. Example:

       BEGIN {
         use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
         open(LOG, ">>/usr/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or
           die("Unable to open mycgi-log: $!\n");
         carpout(LOG);
       }

    carpout() does not handle file locking on the log for you at this point. Also, note that
    carpout() does not work with in-memory file handles, although a patch would be welcome to
    address that.

    The real STDERR is not closed -- it is moved to CGI::Carp::SAVEERR. Some servers, when dealing
    with CGI scripts, close their connection to the browser when the script closes STDOUT and
    STDERR. CGI::Carp::SAVEERR is there to prevent this from happening prematurely.

    You can pass filehandles to carpout() in a variety of ways. The "correct" way according to Tom
    Christiansen is to pass a reference to a filehandle GLOB:

        carpout(\*LOG);

    This looks weird to mere mortals however, so the following syntaxes are accepted as well:

        carpout(LOG);
        carpout(main::LOG);
        carpout(main'LOG);
        carpout(\LOG);
        carpout(\'main::LOG');

        ... and so on

    FileHandle and other objects work as well.

    Use of carpout() is not great for performance, so it is recommended for debugging purposes or
    for moderate-use applications. A future version of this module may delay redirecting STDERR
    until one of the CGI::Carp methods is called to prevent the performance hit.

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
    If you want to send fatal (die, confess) errors to the browser, import the special
    "fatalsToBrowser" subroutine:

        use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
        die "Bad error here";

    Fatal errors will now be echoed to the browser as well as to the log. CGI::Carp arranges to send
    a minimal HTTP header to the browser so that even errors that occur in the early compile phase
    will be seen. Nonfatal errors will still be directed to the log file only (unless redirected
    with carpout).

    Note that fatalsToBrowser may not work well with mod_perl version 2.0 and higher.

  Changing the default message
    By default, the software error message is followed by a note to contact the Webmaster by e-mail
    with the time and date of the error. If this message is not to your liking, you can change it
    using the set_message() routine. This is not imported by default; you should import it on the
    use() line:

        use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
        set_message("It's not a bug, it's a feature!");

    You may also pass in a code reference in order to create a custom error message. At run time,
    your code will be called with the text of the error message that caused the script to die.
    Example:

        use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
        BEGIN {
           sub handle_errors {
              my $msg = shift;
              print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
              print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";
          }
          set_message(\&handle_errors);
        }

    In order to correctly intercept compile-time errors, you should call set_message() from within a
    BEGIN{} block.

DOING MORE THAN PRINTING A MESSAGE IN THE EVENT OF PERL ERRORS
    If fatalsToBrowser in conjunction with set_message does not provide you with all of the
    functionality you need, you can go one step further by specifying a function to be executed any
    time a script calls "die", has a syntax error, or dies unexpectedly at runtime with a line like
    "undef->explode();".

        use CGI::Carp qw(set_die_handler);
        BEGIN {
           sub handle_errors {
              my $msg = shift;
              print "content-type: text/html\n\n";
              print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
              print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";

              #proceed to send an email to a system administrator,
              #write a detailed message to the browser and/or a log,
              #etc....
          }
          set_die_handler(\&handle_errors);
        }

    Notice that if you use set_die_handler(), you must handle sending HTML headers to the browser
    yourself if you are printing a message.

    If you use set_die_handler(), you will most likely interfere with the behavior of
    fatalsToBrowser, so you must use this or that, not both.

    Using set_die_handler() sets SIG{__DIE__} (as does fatalsToBrowser), and there is only one
    SIG{__DIE__}. This means that if you are attempting to set SIG{__DIE__} yourself, you may
    interfere with this module's functionality, or this module may interfere with your module's
    functionality.

SUPPRESSING PERL ERRORS APPEARING IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
    A problem sometimes encountered when using fatalsToBrowser is when a "die()" is done inside an
    "eval" body or expression. Even though the fatalsToBrower support takes precautions to avoid
    this, you still may get the error message printed to STDOUT. This may have some undesirable
    effects when the purpose of doing the eval is to determine which of several algorithms is to be
    used.

    By setting $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER to 0 you can suppress printing the "die" messages but without
    all of the complexity of using "set_die_handler". You can localize this effect to inside "eval"
    bodies if this is desirable: For example:

     eval {
       local $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER = 0;
       die "Fatal error messages not sent browser"
     }
     # $@ will contain error message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
    It is also possible to make non-fatal errors appear as HTML comments embedded in the output of
    your program. To enable this feature, export the new "warningsToBrowser" subroutine. Since
    sending warnings to the browser before the HTTP headers have been sent would cause an error, any
    warnings are stored in an internal buffer until you call the warningsToBrowser() subroutine with
    a true argument:

        use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser warningsToBrowser);
        use CGI qw(:standard);
        print header();
        warningsToBrowser(1);

    You may also give a false argument to warningsToBrowser() to prevent warnings from being sent to
    the browser while you are printing some content where HTML comments are not allowed:

        warningsToBrowser(0);    # disable warnings
        print "<script type=\"text/javascript\"><!--\n";
        print_some_javascript_code();
        print "//--></script>\n";
        warningsToBrowser(1);    # re-enable warnings

    Note: In this respect warningsToBrowser() differs fundamentally from fatalsToBrowser(), which
    you should never call yourself!

OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
    CGI::Carp includes the name of the program that generated the error or warning in the messages
    written to the log and the browser window. Sometimes, Perl can get confused about what the
    actual name of the executed program was. In these cases, you can override the program name that
    CGI::Carp will use for all messages.

    The quick way to do that is to tell CGI::Carp the name of the program in its use statement. You
    can do that by adding "name=cgi_carp_log_name" to your "use" statement. For example:

        use CGI::Carp qw(name=cgi_carp_log_name);

    . If you want to change the program name partway through the program, you can use the
    "set_progname()" function instead. It is not exported by default, you must import it explicitly
    by saying

        use CGI::Carp qw(set_progname);

    Once you've done that, you can change the logged name of the program at any time by calling

        set_progname(new_program_name);

    You can set the program back to the default by calling

        set_progname(undef);

    Note that this override doesn't happen until after the program has compiled, so any compile-time
    errors will still show up with the non-overridden program name

TURNING OFF TIMESTAMPS IN MESSAGES
    If your web server automatically adds a timestamp to each log line, you may not need CGI::Carp
    to add its own. You can disable timestamping by importing "noTimestamp":

        use CGI::Carp qw(noTimestamp);

    Alternatively you can set $CGI::Carp::NO_TIMESTAMP to 1.

    Note that the name of the program is still automatically included in the message.

GETTING THE FULL PATH OF THE SCRIPT IN MESSAGES
    Set $CGI::Carp::FULL_PATH to 1.

AUTHOR INFORMATION
    The CGI.pm distribution is copyright 1995-2007, Lincoln D. Stein. It is distributed under the
    Artistic License 2.0. It is currently maintained by Lee Johnson with help from many
    contributors.

    Address bug reports and comments to: https://github.com/leejo/CGI.pm/issues

    The original bug tracker can be found at:
    https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CGI.pm

    When sending bug reports, please provide the version of CGI.pm, the version of Perl, the name
    and version of your Web server, and the name and version of the operating system you are using.
    If the problem is even remotely browser dependent, please provide information about the affected
    browsers as well.

SEE ALSO
    Carp, CGI::Base, CGI::BasePlus, CGI::Request, CGI::MiniSvr, CGI::Form, CGI::Response.