{
"content": [
{
"type": "text",
"text": "# CAT(1) (man)\n\n**Summary:** cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output\n\n**Synopsis:** cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\n## Flags\n\n| Flag | Long | Arg | Description |\n|------|------|-----|-------------|\n| -A | --show-all | — | equivalent to -vET |\n| -b | --number-nonblank | — | number nonempty output lines, overrides -n |\n| -e | — | — | |\n| -E | --show-ends | — | display $ at end of each line |\n| -n | --number | — | number all output lines |\n| -s | --squeeze-blank | — | suppress repeated empty output lines |\n| -t | — | — | |\n| -T | --show-tabs | — | display TAB characters as ^I |\n| -u | — | — | |\n| -v | --show-nonprinting | — | use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB --help display this help and exit |\n| — | --version | — | output version information and exit |\n\n## Examples\n\n- `cat f - g`\n- `Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.`\n- `cat Copy standard input to standard output.`\n\n## See Also\n\n- tac(1)\n\n## Section Outline\n\n- **NAME** (2 lines)\n- **SYNOPSIS** (2 lines)\n- **DESCRIPTION** (4 lines) — 11 subsections\n - -A --show-all (2 lines)\n - -b --number-nonblank (2 lines)\n - -e -vE (1 lines)\n - -E --show-ends (2 lines)\n - -n --number (2 lines)\n - -s --squeeze-blank (2 lines)\n - -t -vT (1 lines)\n - -T --show-tabs (2 lines)\n - -u (ignored) (1 lines)\n - -v --show-nonprinting (4 lines)\n - --version (2 lines)\n- **EXAMPLES** (5 lines)\n- **AUTHOR** (2 lines)\n- **REPORTING BUGS** (3 lines)\n- **COPYRIGHT** (5 lines)\n- **SEE ALSO** (8 lines)\n\n## Full Content\n\n### NAME\n\ncat - concatenate files and print on the standard output\n\n### SYNOPSIS\n\ncat [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\n### DESCRIPTION\n\nConcatenate FILE(s) to standard output.\n\nWith no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\n#### -A --show-all\n\nequivalent to -vET\n\n#### -b --number-nonblank\n\nnumber nonempty output lines, overrides -n\n\n#### -e -vE\n\n#### -E --show-ends\n\ndisplay $ at end of each line\n\n#### -n --number\n\nnumber all output lines\n\n#### -s --squeeze-blank\n\nsuppress repeated empty output lines\n\n#### -t -vT\n\n#### -T --show-tabs\n\ndisplay TAB characters as ^I\n\n#### -u (ignored)\n\n#### -v --show-nonprinting\n\nuse ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB\n\n--help display this help and exit\n\n#### --version\n\noutput version information and exit\n\n### EXAMPLES\n\ncat f - g\nOutput f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.\n\ncat Copy standard input to standard output.\n\n### AUTHOR\n\nWritten by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.\n\n### REPORTING BUGS\n\nGNU coreutils online help: \nReport any translation bugs to \n\n### COPYRIGHT\n\nCopyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later\n.\nThis is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to\nthe extent permitted by law.\n\n### SEE ALSO\n\ntac(1)\n\nFull documentation \nor available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'\n\n\n\nGNU coreutils 8.32 January 2026 CAT(1)\n\n"
}
],
"structuredContent": {
"command": "CAT",
"section": "1",
"mode": "man",
"summary": "cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output",
"synopsis": "cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...",
"flags": [
{
"flag": "-A",
"long": "--show-all",
"arg": null,
"description": "equivalent to -vET"
},
{
"flag": "-b",
"long": "--number-nonblank",
"arg": null,
"description": "number nonempty output lines, overrides -n"
},
{
"flag": "-e",
"long": null,
"arg": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"flag": "-E",
"long": "--show-ends",
"arg": null,
"description": "display $ at end of each line"
},
{
"flag": "-n",
"long": "--number",
"arg": null,
"description": "number all output lines"
},
{
"flag": "-s",
"long": "--squeeze-blank",
"arg": null,
"description": "suppress repeated empty output lines"
},
{
"flag": "-t",
"long": null,
"arg": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"flag": "-T",
"long": "--show-tabs",
"arg": null,
"description": "display TAB characters as ^I"
},
{
"flag": "-u",
"long": null,
"arg": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"flag": "-v",
"long": "--show-nonprinting",
"arg": null,
"description": "use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB --help display this help and exit"
},
{
"flag": "",
"long": "--version",
"arg": null,
"description": "output version information and exit"
}
],
"examples": [
"cat f - g",
"Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.",
"cat Copy standard input to standard output."
],
"see_also": [
{
"name": "tac",
"section": "1",
"url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/man/tac/1/json"
}
],
"section_outline": [
{
"name": "NAME",
"lines": 2,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "SYNOPSIS",
"lines": 2,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "DESCRIPTION",
"lines": 4,
"subsections": [
{
"name": "-A --show-all",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-A",
"long": "--show-all"
},
{
"name": "-b --number-nonblank",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-b",
"long": "--number-nonblank"
},
{
"name": "-e -vE",
"lines": 1,
"flag": "-e"
},
{
"name": "-E --show-ends",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-E",
"long": "--show-ends"
},
{
"name": "-n --number",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-n",
"long": "--number"
},
{
"name": "-s --squeeze-blank",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-s",
"long": "--squeeze-blank"
},
{
"name": "-t -vT",
"lines": 1,
"flag": "-t"
},
{
"name": "-T --show-tabs",
"lines": 2,
"flag": "-T",
"long": "--show-tabs"
},
{
"name": "-u (ignored)",
"lines": 1,
"flag": "-u"
},
{
"name": "-v --show-nonprinting",
"lines": 4,
"flag": "-v",
"long": "--show-nonprinting"
},
{
"name": "--version",
"lines": 2,
"long": "--version"
}
]
},
{
"name": "EXAMPLES",
"lines": 5,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "AUTHOR",
"lines": 2,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "REPORTING BUGS",
"lines": 3,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "COPYRIGHT",
"lines": 5,
"subsections": []
},
{
"name": "SEE ALSO",
"lines": 8,
"subsections": []
}
]
}
}