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📖 NAME

openssl-s_time — SSL/TLS performance timing program

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
Measure SSL/TLS connection performance	openssl s_time -connect host:port -www / -CApath /path -CAfile cert.pem -cipher cipherlist	Connects to a server, fetches a page, and measures connection time and throughput.
Test session reuse	openssl s_time -connect host:port -reuse	Uses the same session ID for all connections to verify session caching works.
Test with new session per connection	openssl s_time -connect host:port -new	Creates a new session ID for each connection to measure full handshake performance.
Specify TLS version	openssl s_time -connect host:port -tls1_2	Forces a specific TLS protocol version (e.g., -tls1, -tls1_1, -tls1_2, -tls1_3, -ssl3).
Custom cipher suite	openssl s_time -connect host:port -cipher "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256"	Restricts the client to a specific cipher list for TLSv1.2 and below.

📋 SYNOPSIS

openssl s_time [-help] [-connect host:port] [-www page] [-cert
       filename] [-key filename] [-reuse] [-new] [-verify depth] [-time
       seconds] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [-tls1_1] [-tls1_2] [-tls1_3] [-bugs] [-cipher
       cipherlist] [-ciphersuites val] [-nameopt option] [-cafile file]
       [-CAfile file] [-no-CAfile] [-CApath dir] [-no-CApath] [-CAstore uri]
       [-no-CAstore] [-provider name] [-provider-path path] [-propquery propq]

📝 DESCRIPTION

This command implements a generic SSL/TLS client which connects to a remote host using SSL/TLS. It can request a page from the server and includes the time to transfer the payload data in its timing measurements. It measures the number of connections within a given timeframe, the amount of data transferred (if any), and calculates the average time spent for one connection.

⚙️ OPTIONS

• -help 🔍 Print out a usage message.
• -connect host:port 🌐 This specifies the host and optional port to connect to.
• -www page 📄 This specifies the page to GET from the server. A value of '/' gets the index.html page. If this parameter is not specified, then this command will only perform the handshake to establish SSL connections but not transfer any payload data.
• -cert certname 📜 The certificate to use, if one is requested by the server. The default is not to use a certificate. The file is in PEM format.
• -key keyfile 🔑 The private key to use. If not specified then the certificate file will be used. The file is in PEM format.
• -verify depth 🔒 The verify depth to use. This specifies the maximum length of the server certificate chain and turns on server certificate verification. Currently the verify operation continues after errors so all the problems with a certificate chain can be seen. As a side effect the connection will never fail due to a server certificate verify failure.
• -new 🆕 Performs the timing test using a new session ID for each connection. If neither -new nor -reuse are specified, they are both on by default and executed in sequence.
• -reuse 🔄 Performs the timing test using the same session ID; this can be used as a test that session caching is working. If neither -new nor -reuse are specified, they are both on by default and executed in sequence.
• -bugs 🐛 There are several known bugs in SSL and TLS implementations. Adding this option enables various workarounds.
• -cipher cipherlist 🔐 This allows the TLSv1.2 and below cipher list sent by the client to be modified. This list will be combined with any TLSv1.3 ciphersuites that have been configured. Although the server determines which cipher suite is used it should take the first supported cipher in the list sent by the client. See openssl-ciphers(1) for more information.
• -ciphersuites val 🔐 This allows the TLSv1.3 ciphersuites sent by the client to be modified. This list will be combined with any TLSv1.2 and below ciphersuites that have been configured. Although the server determines which cipher suite is used it should take the first supported cipher in the list sent by the client. See openssl-ciphers(1) for more information. The format for this list is a simple colon (":") separated list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuite names.
• -time length ⏱️ Specifies how long (in seconds) this command should establish connections and optionally transfer payload data from a server. Server and client performance and the link speed determine how many connections it can establish.
• -nameopt option 🏷️ This specifies how the subject or issuer names are displayed. See openssl-namedisplay-options(1) for details.
• -CAfile file, -no-CAfile, -CApath dir, -no-CApath, -CAstore uri, -no-CAstore 🏢 See "Trusted Certificate Options" in openssl-verification-options(1) for details.
• -provider name, -provider-path path, -propquery propq 🔧 See "Provider Options" in openssl(1), provider(7), and property(7).
• -cafile file ⚠️ This is an obsolete synonym for -CAfile.
• -ssl3, -tls1, -tls1_1, -tls1_2, -tls1_3 📡 See "TLS Version Options" in openssl(1).

📓 NOTES

This command can be used to measure the performance of an SSL connection. To connect to an SSL HTTP server and get the default page the command

openssl s_time -connect servername:443 -www / -CApath yourdir -CAfile yourfile.pem -cipher commoncipher [-ssl3]

would typically be used (https uses port 443). commoncipher is a cipher to which both client and server can agree, see the openssl-ciphers(1) command for details.

If the handshake fails then there are several possible causes, if it is nothing obvious like no client certificate then the -bugs and -ssl3 options can be tried in case it is a buggy server. In particular you should play with these options before submitting a bug report to an OpenSSL mailing list.

A frequent problem when attempting to get client certificates working is that a web client complains it has no certificates or gives an empty list to choose from. This is normally because the server is not sending the clients certificate authority in its "acceptable CA list" when it requests a certificate. By using openssl-s_client(1) the CA list can be viewed and checked. However, some servers only request client authentication after a specific URL is requested. To obtain the list in this case it is necessary to use the -prexit option of openssl-s_client(1) and send an HTTP request for an appropriate page.

If a certificate is specified on the command line using the -cert option it will not be used unless the server specifically requests a client certificate. Therefore, merely including a client certificate on the command line is no guarantee that the certificate works.

🐛 BUGS

Because this program does not have all the options of the openssl-s_client(1) program to turn protocols on and off, you may not be able to measure the performance of all protocols with all servers.

The -verify option should really exit if the server verification fails.

📜 HISTORY

The -cafile option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.

🔗 SEE ALSO

• openssl(1)
• openssl-s_client(1)
• openssl-s_server(1)
• openssl-ciphers(1)
• ossl_store-file(7)

📄 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2004-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

📖 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📋 SYNOPSIS 📝 DESCRIPTION ⚙️ OPTIONS 📓 NOTES 🐛 BUGS 📜 HISTORY 🔗 SEE ALSO 📄 COPYRIGHT