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📛 NAME

openssl-genrsa - generate an RSA private key

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
Generate default 2048-bit RSA key	openssl genrsa -out key.pem	Generates a 2048-bit RSA private key and writes to file
Generate encrypted 2048-bit key	openssl genrsa -aes256 -out key.pem	Generates a key encrypted with AES-256, prompts for passphrase
Generate 4096-bit key	openssl genrsa -out key.pem 4096	Generates a larger 4096-bit RSA key for stronger security
Generate multi-prime key (RFC 8017)	openssl genrsa -primes 3 -out key.pem 2048	Generates a 3-prime RSA key
Output in traditional PKCS#1 format	openssl genrsa -traditional -out key.pem	Generates key using legacy PKCS#1 format instead of PKCS#8

📋 SYNOPSIS

openssl genrsa [-help] [-out filename] [-passout arg] [-aes128]
       [-aes192] [-aes256] [-aria128] [-aria192] [-aria256] [-camellia128]
       [-camellia192] [-camellia256] [-des] [-des3] [-idea] [-F4] [-f4] [-3]
       [-primes num] [-verbose] [-traditional] [-rand files] [-writerand file]
       [-engine id] [-provider name] [-provider-path path] [-propquery propq]
       [numbits]

📝 DESCRIPTION

⚠️ This command has been deprecated. The openssl-genpkey(1) command should be used instead.

This command generates an RSA private key.

⚙️ OPTIONS

• -help — 📖 Print out a usage message.
• -out filename — 📁 Output the key to the specified file. If this argument is not specified then standard output is used.
• -passout arg — 🔑 The output file password source. For more information about the format see openssl-passphrase-options(1).
• -aes128, -aes192, -aes256, -aria128, -aria192, -aria256, -camellia128, -camellia192, -camellia256, -des, -des3, -idea — 🔒 Encrypt the private key with specified cipher before outputting it. If none of these options is specified no encryption is used. If encryption is used a pass phrase is prompted for if it is not supplied via the -passout argument.
• -F4, -f4, -3 — 🔢 The public exponent to use, either 65537 or 3. The default is 65537. The -3 option has been deprecated.
• -primes num — 🔢 Specify the number of primes to use while generating the RSA key. The num parameter must be a positive integer that is greater than 1 and less than 16. If num is greater than 2, then the generated key is called a 'multi-prime' RSA key, which is defined in RFC 8017.
• -verbose — 📢 Print extra details about the operations being performed.
• -traditional — 🏛️ Write the key using the traditional PKCS#1 format instead of the PKCS#8 format.
• -rand files, -writerand file — 🎲 See "Random State Options" in openssl(1) for details.
• -engine id — ⚙️ See "Engine Options" in openssl(1). This option is deprecated.
• -provider name, -provider-path path, -propquery propq — 📦 See "Provider Options" in openssl(1), provider(7), and property(7).
• numbits — 📏 The size of the private key to generate in bits. This must be the last option specified. The default is 2048 and values less than 512 are not allowed.

📌 NOTES

RSA private key generation essentially involves the generation of two or more prime numbers. When generating a private key various symbols will be output to indicate the progress of the generation:

• . — ✅ each number which has passed an initial sieve test
• + — 🧪 a number has passed a single round of the Miller-Rabin primality test
• * — 🔄 the current prime starts a regenerating progress due to some failed tests
• newline — 🎉 the number has passed all the prime tests (the actual number depends on the key size)

Because key generation is a random process the time taken to generate a key may vary somewhat. But in general, more primes lead to less generation time of a key.

🔗 SEE ALSO

openssl(1), openssl-genpkey(1), openssl-gendsa(1)

📜 HISTORY

This command was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.

©️ COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

📛 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📋 SYNOPSIS 📝 DESCRIPTION ⚙️ OPTIONS 📌 NOTES 🔗 SEE ALSO 📜 HISTORY ©️ COPYRIGHT