{ "mode": "info", "parameter": "info-stnd", "section": "", "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/info/info-stnd/json", "generated": "2026-11-15T09:16:36Z", "sections": { "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Top, Next: Stand-alone Info, Up: (dir)": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "Stand-alone GNU Info": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "This documentation describes the stand-alone Info reader which you can": { "content": "use to read Info documentation.\n\nIf you are new to the Info reader, then you can get started by typing\n'H' for a list of basic key bindings. You can read through the rest of\nthis manual by typing and (or and ) to\nmove forwards and backwards in it.\n\n* Menu:\n\n* Stand-alone Info:: What is Info?\n* Node Commands:: Commands for selecting a new node.\n* More Node Commands:: Further commands for changing the node.\n* Cursor Commands:: Commands which move the cursor within a node.\n* Scrolling Commands:: Commands for reading the text within a node.\n* Searching Commands:: Commands for searching an Info file.\n* Index Commands:: Commands for looking up in indices.\n* Xref Commands:: Commands for selecting cross-references.\n* Window Commands:: Commands which manipulate multiple windows.\n* Printing Nodes:: How to print out the contents of a node.\n* Miscellaneous Commands:: A few commands that defy categorization.\n* Invoking Info:: Options you can pass on the command line.\n* Variables:: How to change the default behavior of Info.\n* Colors and Styles:: Customize the colors used by Info.\n* Custom Key Bindings:: How to define your own key-to-command bindings.\n* MS-DOS/Windows keybindings:: Alternate DOS/Windows keybindings.\n* Index:: Global index.\n\n-- The Detailed Node Listing --\n", "subsections": [] }, "Selecting Cross-references": { "content": "* Parts of an Xref:: What a cross-reference is made of.\n* Selecting Xrefs:: Commands for selecting menu or note items.\n", "subsections": [] }, "Manipulating Multiple Windows": { "content": "* The Mode Line:: What appears in the mode line?\n* Basic Windows:: Manipulating windows in Info.\n* The Echo Area:: Used for displaying errors and reading input.\n", "subsections": [] }, "Customizing Key Bindings and Variables": { "content": "* infokey format::\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Stand-alone Info, Next: Node Commands, Prev: Top, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "1 Stand-alone Info": { "content": "The \"Info\" program described here is a stand-alone program, part of the", "subsections": [] }, "Texinfo distribution, which is used to view Info files on a text": { "content": "terminal. \"Info files\" are typically the result of processing Texinfo\nfiles with the program 'texi2any' (also in the Texinfo distribution).\n\nTexinfo itself (*note (texinfo)Top::) is a documentation system that\nuses a single source file to produce both on-line information and\nprinted output. You can typeset and print the files that you read in\nInfo.\n\nGNU Emacs also provides an Info reader (just type 'M-x info' in", "subsections": [] }, "Emacs). Emacs Info and stand-alone Info have nearly identical user": { "content": "interfaces, although customization and other details are different (this\nmanual explains the stand-alone Info reader). The Emacs Info reader\nsupports the X Window System and other such bitmapped interfaces, not\njust plain ASCII, so if you want a prettier display for Info files, you\nshould try it. You can use Emacs Info without using Emacs for anything\nelse. (Type 'C-x C-c' to exit; this also works in the stand-alone Info\nreader.) *Note (info)Top:: for a tutorial and more background\ninformation about the Info system, as well as information about the Info\nreader that is part of GNU Emacs,\n\nPlease report bugs in this stand-alone Info program to\n. Bugs in the Emacs Info reader should be sent to\n.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Node Commands, Next: More Node Commands, Prev: Stand-alone Info, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "2 Selecting a Node": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "The most basic node commands are 'n', 'p', and 'u'. These move you": { "content": "around the node structure of the file:\n\n'n' ('next-node')\nSelect the 'Next' node.\n\n'p' ('prev-node')\nSelect the 'Prev' node.\n\n'u' ('up-node')\nSelect the 'Up' node.\n\nThe top line of each Info node contains \"pointers\" which describe\nwhere the next, previous, and up nodes are. The nodes in an Info file\nare conventionally arranged in a hierarchical structure; for example,\nthe 'Next' pointer in a section of a chapter takes you to the next\nsection in the same chapter, while the 'Up' pointer takes you to the\nhigher-level node for the chapter as a whole.\n\nYou can select a node that you have already viewed by using the 'l'\ncommand--this stands for \"last\":\n\n'l' ('history-node')\nMove backwards through the history of visited nodes for this\nwindow. The current node is discarded from the history.\n\nThis is useful when you follow a reference to another node to read\nabout a related issue, and would like then to resume reading at the\nsame place where you started.\n\nTwo additional commands, 't' and 'd', select special nodes:\n\n't' ('top-node')\nSelect the node 'Top' in the current Info file.\n\n'd' ('dir-node')\nSelect the directory node (i.e., the node '(dir)'). This contains\na menu referencing all the available Info files that are installed\non your system.\n\nIn the command descriptions in this manual, the 'M-x' command names\nare displayed in parentheses. 'M-x' is itself a command\n('execute-command') letting you run a command by name. For example, you\ncould select the next node with 'M-x next-node'.\n\n'C-X' means press the key and the key X. 'M-X' means press\nthe key and the key X. ( is usually labeled as ).\n is the space bar. The other keys are usually called by the names\nprinted on them. This notation to describe keystrokes is the same as\nthat used within the Emacs manual (*note (emacs)User Input::).\n\nMany Info commands can take a \"numeric argument\"; see *note\n'universal-argument': Miscellaneous Commands. to find out how to supply\none.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: More Node Commands, Next: Cursor Commands, Prev: Node Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "3 Further Commands for Selecting a Node": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "This chapter describes some other commands which select a different": { "content": "node.\n\n'<' ('first-node')\nSelects the first node which appears in this file. This node is\nmost often 'Top', but it does not have to be. With a numeric\nargument N, select the Nth node (the first node is node 1). An\nargument of zero is the same as the argument of 1.\n\n'>' ('last-node')\nSelect the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric\nargument N, select the Nth node (the first node is node 1). An\nargument of zero is the same as no argument, i.e., it selects the\nlast node.\n\n']' ('global-next-node')\nMove forward through the node structure. If the node that you are\ncurrently viewing has a menu, select the first menu item.\nOtherwise, if this node has a 'Next' pointer, follow it. If there\nis no menu and no 'Next' pointer, then follow 'Up' pointers until\nthere is a 'Next' pointer, and then follow it.\n\n'[' ('global-prev-node')\nMove backward through the node structure. If the node that you are\ncurrently viewing has a 'Prev' pointer, that node is selected.\nOtherwise, if the node has an 'Up' pointer, that node is selected,\nand if it has a menu, the last item in the menu is selected.\n\nYou can get the same behavior as 'global-next-node' and\n'global-prev-node' while simply scrolling through the file with\n and (*note scroll-behavior::).\n\n'g' ('goto-node')\nRead the name of a node and select it. If the desired node resides\nin some other file, you must type the node as it appears in that\nInfo file, and include the name of the other file. For example,\n\ng(emacs)Buffers\n\nfinds the node 'Buffers' in the Info file 'emacs'.\n\nWhile reading the node name, completion (*note completion: The Echo\nArea.) is only done for the nodes which reside in one of the Info\nfiles that were loaded in the current Info session.\n\n'O' ('goto-invocation')\nRead the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info\nfile which describes the invocation and the command-line options\nfor that program. The default program name is derived from the\nname of the current Info file. This command does the same as the\n'--show-options' command-line option (*note --show-options::), but\nit also allows to specify the program name; this is important for\nthose manuals which describe several programs.\n\nIf you need to find the Invocation node of a program that is\ndocumented in another Info file, you need to visit that file before\ninvoking 'O'. For example, if you are reading the Emacs manual and\nwant to see the command-line options of the 'texi2any' program,\ntype 'g (texinfo) ' and then 'O texi2any '. If you don't\nknow what Info file documents the command, or if invoking 'O'\ndoesn't display the right node, go to the '(dir)' node (using the\n'd' command) and invoke 'O' from there.\n\n'G' ('menu-sequence')\nRead a sequence of menu entries and follow it. Info prompts for a\nsequence of menu items separated by commas. (Since commas are not\nallowed in a node name, they are a natural choice for a delimiter\nin a list of menu items.) Info then looks up the first item in the\nmenu of the node '(dir)' (if the '(dir)' node cannot be found, Info\nuses 'Top'). If such an entry is found, Info goes to the node it\npoints to and looks up the second item in the menu of that node,\netc. In other words, you can specify a complete path which\ndescends through the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file\nstarting at the '(dir)' node. This has the same effect as if you\ntyped the menu item sequence on Info's command line, see *note Info\ncommand-line arguments processing: command-line menu items. For\nexample,\n\nG Texinfo,Overview,Reporting Bugs \n\ndisplays the node 'Reporting Bugs' in the Texinfo manual. (You\ndon't actually need to type the menu items in their full length, or\nin their exact letter-case. However, if you do type the menu items\nexactly, Info will find it faster.)\n\nIf any of the menu items you type are not found, Info stops at the\nlast entry it did find and reports an error.\n\n'C-x C-f' ('view-file')\nRead the name of a file and selects the entire file. The command\nC-x C-f FILENAME\nis equivalent to typing\ng(FILENAME)*\n\n'C-x C-b' ('list-visited-nodes')\nMake a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited\nnodes. This window becomes the selected window, and you may use\nthe standard Info commands within it.\n\n'C-x b' ('select-visited-node')\nSelect a node which has been previously visited in a visible\nwindow. This is similar to 'C-x C-b' followed by 'm', but no\nwindow is created.\n\n'M-x man'\nRead the name of a man page to load and display. This uses the\n'man' command on your system to retrieve the contents of the\nrequested man page. See also *note --raw-escapes::.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Cursor Commands, Next: Scrolling Commands, Prev: More Node Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "4 Moving the Cursor": { "content": "GNU Info has several commands which allow you to move the cursor about\nthe screen.\n\nWith a numeric argument, the motion commands are simply executed that\nmany times; for example, a numeric argument of 4 given to 'next-line'\ncauses the cursor to move down 4 lines. With a negative numeric\nargument, the motion is reversed; an argument of -4 given to the\n'next-line' command would cause the cursor to move up 4 lines.\n\n'C-n' ('next-line')\n (an arrow key)\nMove the cursor down to the next line.\n\n'C-p' ('prev-line')\n (an arrow key)\nMove the cursor up to the previous line.\n\n'C-a' ('beginning-of-line')\nMove the cursor to the start of the current line.\n\n'C-e' ('end-of-line')\nMove the cursor to the end of the current line.\n\n'C-f' ('forward-char')\n (an arrow key)\nMove the cursor forward a character.\n\n'C-b' ('backward-char')\n (an arrow key)\nMove the cursor backward a character.\n\n'M-f' ('forward-word')\nMove the cursor forward a word.\n\n'M-b' ('backward-word')\nMove the cursor backward a word.\n\n'M-<' ('beginning-of-node')\n'b'\nMove the cursor to the start of the current node.\n\n'M->' ('end-of-node')\n'e'\nMove the cursor to the end of the current node.\n\n'M-r' ('move-to-window-line')\nMove the cursor to a specific line of the window. Without a\nnumeric argument, 'M-r' moves the cursor to the start of the line\nin the center of the window. With a numeric argument of N, 'M-r'\nmoves the cursor to the start of the Nth line in the window.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Scrolling Commands, Next: Searching Commands, Prev: Cursor Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "5 Moving Text Within a Window": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "Sometimes you are looking at a screenful of text, and only part of the": { "content": "current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen. The\ncommands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the\ncurrent node is visible on the screen.\n\n ('scroll-forward')\n\nShift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node\nwhich is currently below the bottom of the window. With a numeric\nargument, show that many more lines at the bottom of the window; a\nnumeric argument of 4 would shift all of the text in the window up\n4 lines (discarding the top 4 lines), and show you four new lines\nat the bottom of the window. Without a numeric argument, \ntakes the bottom two lines of the window and places them at the top\nof the window, redisplaying almost a completely new screenful of\nlines. If you are at the end of a node, takes you to the\n\"next\" node, so that you can read an entire manual from start to\nfinish by repeating .\n\nThe key is known as the key on some keyboards.\n\n'C-v' ('scroll-forward-page-only')\nShift the text in this window up. This is identical to the \noperation above, except that it never scrolls beyond the end of the\ncurrent node.\n\n'M-x scroll-forward-page-only-set-window'\nScroll forward, like with 'C-v', but if a numeric argument is\nspecified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent\n'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands and their ilk.\n\n ('scroll-backward')\n\nShift the text in this window down. The inverse of\n'scroll-forward'. If you are at the start of a node, takes\nyou to the \"previous\" node, so that you can read an entire manual\nfrom finish to start by repeating . The default scroll size\ncan be changed by invoking the\n('scroll-backward-page-only-set-window') command with a numeric\nargument.\n\nIf your keyboard lacks the key, look for a key called ,\nor 'Backspace', sometimes designated with an arrow which points to\nthe left, which should perform the same function.\n\nThe key is the key on many keyboards. Emacs\nrefers to it by the name .\n\n'M-v' ('scroll-backward-page-only')\nShift the text in this window down. The inverse of\n'scroll-forward-page-only'. Does not scroll beyond the start of\nthe current node. The default scroll size can be changed by\ninvoking the 'scroll-backward-page-only-set-window' command with a\nnumeric argument.\n\n'M-x scroll-backward-page-only-set-window'\nScroll backward, like with 'M-v', but if a numeric argument is\nspecified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent\n'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands.\n\n'M-x down-line'\nScroll forward by one line. With a numeric argument, scroll\nforward that many lines.\n\n'M-x up-line'\nScroll backward one line. With a numeric argument, scroll backward\nthat many lines.\n\n'M-x scroll-half-screen-down'\nScroll forward by half of the screen size. With a numeric\nargument, scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it\nbecomes the new default number of lines to scroll for subsequent\n'scroll-half-screen-down' and 'scroll-half-screen-up' commands.\n\n'M-x scroll-half-screen-up'\nScroll back by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument,\nscroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes\nthe new default number of lines to scroll for subsequent\n'scroll-half-screen-down' and 'scroll-half-screen-up' commands.\n\nThe 'scroll-forward' and 'scroll-backward' commands can also move\nforward and backward through the node structure of the file. If you\npress while viewing the end of a node, or while viewing the\nbeginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the variable\n'scroll-behavior' (*note scroll-behavior::).\n\nThe 'scroll-forward-page-only' and 'scroll-backward-page-only'\ncommands never scroll beyond the current node.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Searching Commands, Next: Index Commands, Prev: Scrolling Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "6 Searching an Info File": { "content": "GNU Info allows you to search for a sequence of characters throughout an\nentire Info file. Here are the commands to do this:\n\n's' ('search')\n'/'\nRead a string in the echo area and search for it, either as a\nregular expression (by default) or a literal string. If the string\nincludes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched\ncase-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a\nnumeric argument of N, search for Nth occurrence of the string.\nNegative arguments search backwards.\n\n'?' ('search-backward')\nRead a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info\nfile for that string. If the string includes upper-case\ncharacters, the Info file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise\nInfo ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of N, search\nfor Nth occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search\nforward.\n\n'C-x n' ('search-next')\n'}'\nSearch forwards for the string used for the last search command.\nCase sensitivity and use of regular expressions are kept the same.\nWith a numeric argument of N, search for Nth next occurrence.\n\nBy default, the search starts at the position immediately following\nthe cursor. However, if the variable 'search-skip-screen' (*note\n'search-skip-screen': Variables.) is set, it starts at the\nbeginning of the next page, thereby skipping all visibly displayed\nlines.\n\n'C-x N' ('search-previous')\n'{'\nJust like 'search-next', but in reverse. You can use 'search-next'\nand 'search-previous' together to move forward and backward through\nmatches. 'search-previous' usually goes to the place in the file\nthat was displayed before an immediately preceding 'search-next',\nand vice versa.(1)\n\n'R' ('toggle-regexp')\nToggle between using regular expressions and literal strings for\nsearching. Info uses so-called 'extended' regular expression\nsyntax (*note (grep)Regular Expressions::).\n\n'S' ('search-case-sensitively')\nRead a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively,\neven if the string includes only lower-case letters. With a\nnumeric argument of N, search for Nth occurrence of the string.\nNegative arguments search backwards.\n\n'C-s' ('isearch-forward')\nInteractively search forward through the Info file for a string as\nyou type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the\nsearch is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case.\n\n'C-r' ('isearch-backward')\nInteractively search backward through the Info file for a string as\nyou type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the\nsearch is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case.\n\n'M-/' ('tree-search')\nRecursively search this node and any subnodes listed in menus for a\nstring.\n\n'M-}' ('tree-search-next')\n'M-{' ('tree-search-previous')\nGo forwards and backwards through the matches for an active tree\nsearch.\n\nThe most basic searching command is 's' or '/' ('search'). The 's'\ncommand prompts you for a string in the echo area, and then searches the\nremainder of the Info file for an occurrence of that string. If the\nstring is found, the node containing it is selected, and the cursor is\nleft positioned at the start of the found string. Subsequent 's'\ncommands show you the default search string; pressing instead of\ntyping a new string will use the default search string.\n\n\"Incremental searching\" is similar to basic searching, but the string\nis looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until the\nentire search string has been specified.\n\nThe tree search can be used from the 'dir' node to search through all", "subsections": [] }, "Info files installed on the system. It can also be used to search": { "content": "through a particular chapter of a manual when you are not interested in\nmatches in other chapters.\n\nIf the 'highlight-searches' variable is set, matches from search\ncommands will be highlighted. *Note 'highlight-searches': Variables.\nUse the 'M-x clear-search' command to clear any search highlights.\n\nBoth incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the\ncase of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search\nstring. However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the\nsearch case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental\nsearch, even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by\nusing the 'S' command ('search-case-sensitively'). The 'n' and 'N'\ncommands operate case-sensitively if the last search command was 'S'.\n\nNormally, the search pattern should not be shorter than some\npredefined limit. By default, this limit is set to 1 character. *Note\nmin-search-length:: for more information on this.\n\n---------- Footnotes ----------\n\n(1) This sometimes doesn't happen when 'search-skip-screen' is 'On',\nand the search goes across nodes.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Index Commands, Next: Xref Commands, Prev: Searching Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "7 Index Commands": { "content": "GNU Info has commands to search through the indices of an Info file,\nwhich helps you find areas within an Info file which discuss a\nparticular topic.\n\n'i' ('index-search')\nLook up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a\nnode to which the found index entry points.\n\n'I' ('virtual-index')\nLook up a string in the indices for this Info file, and show all\nthe matches in a new virtual node, synthesized on the fly.\n\n',' ('next-index-match')\nMove to the node containing the next matching index item from the\nlast 'i' command.\n\n'M-x index-apropos'\nGrovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a\nstring, and build a menu of the possible matches.\n\nThe most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is\nthe 'i' command ('index-search'). This command prompts for a string,\nand then looks for that string in all the indices of the current Info\nmanual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays the node to\nwhich that entry refers and prints the full text of the entry in the\necho area. You can press ',' ('next-index-match') to find more matches.\nA good Info manual has all of its important concepts indexed, so the 'i'\ncommand lets you use a manual as a reference.\n\nIf you don't know what manual documents something, try the 'M-x\nindex-apropos' command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that\nstring in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your\nsystem. It can also be invoked from the command line; see *note\n--apropos::.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Xref Commands, Next: Window Commands, Prev: Index Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "8 Selecting Cross-references": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "We have already discussed the 'Next', 'Prev', and 'Up' pointers which": { "content": "appear at the top of a node, referring you to a different node.\n\nIn addition, a node may contain a \"menu\", as well as\n\"cross-references\" (\"xrefs\" for short) interspersed through the text of\nthe node. Cross-references may possibly refer to a node in another Info\nfile.\n\n* Menu:\n\n* Parts of an Xref:: What a cross-reference is made of.\n* Selecting Xrefs:: Commands for selecting menu or note items.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Parts of an Xref, Next: Selecting Xrefs, Up: Xref Commands": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "8.1 Parts of an Xref", "content": "Here is a sample menu entry showing the parts of a cross-reference:\n\n* Foo Label: Foo Target. More information about Foo.\n\nThe reference has two parts: the first part is called the \"label\"; it is\nthe name that you can use to refer to the cross-reference, and the\nsecond is the \"target\"; it is the full name of the node that the\ncross-reference points to. The target is separated from the label by a\nsingle colon ':'; first the label appears, and then the target.\n\nThe '.' ends the name of the target. The '.' is not part of the\ntarget; it serves only to let Info know where the target name ends.\n\nA shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons\nto stand for a target name which is the same as the label name:\n\n* Foo Commands:: Commands pertaining to Foo.\n\nIn the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name\nof the label, in this case 'Foo Commands'.\n\nYou will normally see two types of cross-reference while viewing\nnodes: \"menu\" references, and \"note\" references. Menu references appear\nwithin a node's menu; they begin with a '*' at the beginning of a line,\nand continue with a label, a target, and a comment which describes what\nthe contents of the node pointed to contains.\n\nNote references appear within the body of the node text; they begin\nwith '*Note', and continue with a label and a target.\n\nLike 'Next', 'Prev', and 'Up' pointers, cross-references can point to\nany valid node. They are used to refer you to a place where more\ndetailed information can be found on a particular subject. Here is a\ncross-reference which points to a node within the Texinfo documentation:\n*Note Cross-refrences: (texinfo)Cross References, for more information\non creating your own Texinfo cross-references.\n" } ] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Selecting Xrefs, Prev: Parts of an Xref, Up: Xref Commands": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "8.2 Selecting Xrefs", "content": "The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items.\n\n'1' ('menu-digit')\n'2' ... '9'\n'M-1', vi-like operation\n'M-2' ... 'M-9', vi-like operation\nWithin an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as '1'),\nselects that menu item, and places its node in the current window.\nFor convenience, there is one exception; pressing '0' selects the\nlast item in the node's menu. When '--vi-keys' is in effect,\ndigits set the numeric argument, so these commands are remapped to\ntheir 'M-' varieties. For example, to select the last menu item,\npress 'M-0'.\n\n'0' ('last-menu-item')\n'M-0', vi-like operation\nSelect the last item in the current node's menu.\n\n'm' ('menu-item')\nReads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its\nnode. Completion is available while reading the menu label. *Note\ncompletion: The Echo Area.\n\n'M-x find-menu'\nMove the cursor to the start of this node's menu.\n\nThis table lists the Info commands which operate on cross-references.\n\n'f' ('xref-item')\n'r'\nReads the name of a note cross-reference in the echo area and\nselects its node. Completion is available while reading the\ncross-reference label. *Note completion: The Echo Area.\n\nFinally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references\nalike:\n\n ('move-to-next-xref')\nMove the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note\nreference in this node. You can then use \n('select-reference-this-line') to select the menu or note\nreference.\n\n'M-' ('move-to-prev-xref')\n'BackTab'\nMove the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note\nreference in this node.\n\nThe 'BackTab' key can be produced on some terminals with\n'Shift-'.\n\n ('select-reference-this-line')\nSelect the menu item or note reference appearing on this line.\n" } ] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Window Commands, Next: Printing Nodes, Prev: Xref Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "9 Manipulating Multiple Windows": { "content": "A \"window\" is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a view\narea where the text of the node is displayed, and an associated \"mode\nline\", which briefly describes the node being viewed.\n\nGNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each\nwindow is separated from the next by its mode line. At any time, there\nis only one \"active\" window, that is, the window in which the cursor\nappears. There are commands available for creating windows, changing\nthe size of windows, selecting which window is active, and for deleting\nwindows.\n\n* Menu:\n\n* The Mode Line:: What appears in the mode line?\n* Basic Windows:: Manipulating windows in Info.\n* The Echo Area:: Used for displaying errors and reading input.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: The Mode Line, Next: Basic Windows, Up: Window Commands": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "9.1 The Mode Line", "content": "A \"mode line\" is a line of inverse video which appears at the bottom of\nan Info window. It describes the contents of the window just above it;\nthis information includes the name of the file and node appearing in\nthat window, the number of screen lines it takes to display the node,\nand the percentage of text that is above the top of the window.\n\nHere is a sample mode line for a window containing a file named\n'dir', showing the node 'Top'.\n\n-----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top-------------------------------------\n^^ ^ ^^^ ^^\n(file)Node #lines where\n\nTruncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next\ndisplay line, *note toggle-wrap: Scrolling Commands.) is indicated by a\n'$' at the left edge of the mode line:\n\n--$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top--------------------------------\n\nWhen Info makes a node internally, such that there is no\ncorresponding info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by\nasterisks ('*'). The name itself tells you what the contents of the\nwindow are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed\nnode showing possible completions:\n\n-----Info: *Completions*, 7 lines --All---------------------------------\n" } ] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Basic Windows, Next: The Echo Area, Prev: The Mode Line, Up: Window Commands": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "9.2 Window Commands", "content": "" } ] }, "It can be convenient to view more than one node at a time. To allow": { "content": "this, Info can display more than one \"window\". Each window has its own\nmode line (*note The Mode Line::) and history of nodes viewed in that\nwindow (*note 'history-node': Node Commands.).\n\n'C-x o' ('next-window')\nSelect the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can\nonly be selected if it is already in use, and you have left it\ntemporarily. Normally, 'C-x o' simply moves the cursor into the\nnext window on the screen, or if you are already within the last\nwindow, into the first window on the screen. Given a numeric\nargument, 'C-x o' moves over that many windows. A negative\nargument causes 'C-x o' to select the previous window on the\nscreen.\n\n'M-x prev-window'\nSelect the previous window on the screen. This is identical to\n'C-x o' with a negative argument.\n\n'C-x 2' ('split-window')\nSplit the current window into two windows, both showing the same\nnode. Each window is one half the size of the original window, and\nthe cursor remains in the original window. The variable\n'automatic-tiling' can cause all of the windows on the screen to be\nresized for you automatically (*note 'automatic-tiling':\nVariables.).\n\n'C-x 0' ('delete-window')\nDelete the current window from the screen. If you have made too\nmany windows and your screen appears cluttered, this is the way to\nget rid of some of them.\n\n'C-x 1' ('keep-one-window')\nDelete all of the windows excepting the current one.\n\n' C-v' ('scroll-other-window')\nScroll the other window, in the same fashion that 'C-v' might\nscroll the current window. Given a negative argument, scroll the\n\"other\" window backward.\n\n'C-x ^' ('grow-window')\nGrow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument,\ngrow the current window that many lines; with a negative numeric\nargument, shrink the window instead.\n\n'C-x t' ('tile-windows')\nDivide the available screen space among all of the visible windows.\nEach window is given an equal portion of the screen in which to\ndisplay its contents. The variable 'automatic-tiling' can cause\n'tile-windows' to be called when a window is created or deleted.\n*Note 'automatic-tiling': Variables.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: The Echo Area, Prev: Basic Windows, Up: Window Commands": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "9.3 The Echo Area", "content": "The \"echo area\" is a one line window which appears at the bottom of the\nscreen. It is used to display informative or error messages, and to\nread lines of input from you when that is necessary. Almost all of the\ncommands available in the echo area are identical to their Emacs\ncounterparts, so please refer to that documentation for greater depth of\ndiscussion on the concepts of editing a line of text. The following\ntable briefly lists the commands that are available while input is being\nread in the echo area:\n\n'C-f' ('echo-area-forward')\n (an arrow key)\nMove forward a character.\n\n'C-b' ('echo-area-backward')\n (an arrow key)\nMove backward a character.\n\n'C-a' ('echo-area-beg-of-line')\nMove to the start of the input line.\n\n'C-e' ('echo-area-end-of-line')\nMove to the end of the input line.\n\n'M-f' ('echo-area-forward-word')\nMove forward a word.\n\n'M-b' ('echo-area-backward-word')\nMove backward a word.\n\n'C-d' ('echo-area-delete')\nDelete the character under the cursor.\n\n ('echo-area-rubout')\nDelete the character behind the cursor.\n\nOn some keyboards, this key is designated , for 'Backspace'.\nThose keyboards will usually bind in the echo area to\n'echo-area-delete'.\n\n'C-g' ('echo-area-abort')\nCancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read,\nthis command discards the text of the input line which does not\nmatch any completion. If the input line is empty, it aborts the\ncalling function.\n\n ('echo-area-newline')\nAccept (or forces completion of) the current input line.\n\n'C-q' ('echo-area-quoted-insert')\nInsert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert\ncontrol characters into a search string.\n\n'M-' ('echo-area-tab-insert')\nInsert a character.\n\n'C-t' ('echo-area-transpose-chars')\nTranspose the characters at the cursor.\n" } ] }, "PRINTING CHARACTER": { "content": "Insert the character.\n\nThe next group of commands deal with \"killing\", and \"yanking\" text.\n(Sometimes these operations are called \"cut\" and \"paste\", respectively.)\nFor an in-depth discussion, see *note Killing and Deleting:\n(emacs)Killing.\n\n'M-d' ('echo-area-kill-word')\nKill the word following the cursor.\n\n'M-' ('echo-area-backward-kill-word')\n'M-'\nKill the word preceding the cursor.\n\nOn some keyboards, the 'Backspace' key is used instead of 'DEL', so\n'M-' has the same effect as 'M-'.\n\n'C-k' ('echo-area-kill-line')\nKill the text from the cursor to the end of the line.\n\n'C-x ' ('echo-area-backward-kill-line')\nKill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line.\n\n'C-y' ('echo-area-yank')\nYank back the contents of the last kill.\n\n'M-y' ('echo-area-yank-pop')\nYank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first.\n\nSometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that\nneeded input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The\nchoices represent the \"possible completions\", and you must respond with\none of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can\nmake, Info allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much\nof the response as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition,\nyou can request Info to fill in as much of the response as is possible;\nthis is called \"completion\".\n\nThe following commands are available when completing in the echo\narea:\n\n ('echo-area-complete')\nInsert as much of a completion as is possible. Otherwise, display\na window containing a list of the possible completions of what you\nhave typed so far. For example, if the available choices are:\n\nbar\nfoliate\nfood\nforget\n\nand you have typed an 'f', followed by , this would result in\n'fo' appearing in the echo area, since all of the choices which\nbegin with 'f' continue with 'o'.\n\nNow if you type again, Info will pop up a window showing a\nnode called '*Completions*' which lists the possible completions\nlike this:\n\n3 completions:\nfoliate food\nforget\n\ni.e., all of the choices which begin with 'fo'.\n\nNow, typing 'l' followed by 'TAB' results in 'foliate' appearing in\nthe echo area, since that is the only choice which begins with\n'fol'.\n\n' C-v' ('echo-area-scroll-completions-window')\nScroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the \"other\"\nwindow if not.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Printing Nodes, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Window Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "10 Printing Nodes": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "In general, we recommend that you use TeX to format the document and": { "content": "print sections of it, by running 'tex' on the Texinfo source file.", "subsections": [] }, "However, you may wish to print out the contents of a node as a quick": { "content": "reference document for later use, or if you don't have TeX installed.\nInfo provides you with a command for doing this.\n\n'M-x print-node'\nPipe the contents of the current node through the command in the\nenvironment variable 'INFOPRINTCOMMAND'. If the variable does\nnot exist, the node is simply piped to 'lpr' (on DOS/Windows, the\ndefault is to print the node to the local printer device, 'PRN').\n\nThe value of 'INFOPRINTCOMMAND' may begin with the '>' character,\nas in '>/dev/printer', in which case Info treats the rest as the\nname of a file or a device. Instead of piping to a command, Info\nopens the file, writes the node contents, and closes the file,\nunder the assumption that text written to that file will be printed\nby the underlying OS.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Next: Invoking Info, Prev: Printing Nodes, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "11 Miscellaneous Commands": { "content": "GNU Info contains several commands which self-document GNU Info:\n\n'M-x describe-command'\nRead the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display\na brief description of what that command does.\n\n'M-x describe-key'\nRead a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and\ndocumentation of the Info command that the key sequence invokes.\n\n'M-x describe-variable'\nRead the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a\nbrief description of what the variable affects.\n\n'M-x where-is'\nRead the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display\na key sequence which can be typed in order to invoke that command.\n\n'H' ('get-help-window')\nCreate (or Move into) the window displaying '*Help*', and place a\nnode containing a quick reference card into it. This window\ndisplays the most concise information about GNU Info available.\n\n'h' ('get-info-help-node')\nTry hard to visit the node '(info)Help'. The Info file 'info.texi'\ndistributed with GNU Emacs contains this node. Of course, the file\nmust first be processed with 'texi2any', and then placed into the\nlocation of your Info directory.\n\n'=' ('display-file-info')\nShow information about what's currently being viewed in the echo\narea: the Info file name, and current line number and percentage\nwithin the current node.\n\n'M-x info-version'\nDisplay the name and version of the currently running Info program.\n\nHere are the commands for creating a numeric argument:\n\n'C-u' ('universal-argument')\nStart (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. 'C-u' is a\ngood way to give a small numeric argument to cursor movement or\nscrolling commands; 'C-u C-v' scrolls the screen 4 lines, while\n'C-u C-u C-n' moves the cursor down 16 lines. 'C-u' followed by\ndigit keys sets the numeric argument to the number thus typed: 'C-u\n1 2 0' sets the argument to 120.\n\n'M-1' ('add-digit-to-numeric-arg')\n'1', vi-like operation\n'M-2' ... 'M-9'\n'2' ... '9', vi-like operation\n'M-0'\n'0', vi-like operation\nAdd the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric\nargument. Once Info is reading a numeric argument, you may just\ntype the digits of the argument, without the Meta prefix. For\nexample, you might give 'C-l' a numeric argument of 32 by typing:\n\nC-u 3 2 C-l\n\nor\n\nM-3 2 C-l\n\n'M--' ('add-digit-to-numeric-arg')\n'-'\nTo make a negative argument, type '-'. Typing '-' alone makes a\nnegative argument with a value of -1. If you continue to type\ndigit or Meta-digit keys after '-', the result is a negative number\nproduced by those digits.\n\n'-' doesn't work when you type in the echo area, because you need\nto be able to insert the '-' character itself; use 'M--' instead,\nif you need to specify negative arguments in the echo area.\n\n is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key sequence,\nto cancel lengthy operations (such as multi-file searches) and to cancel\nreading input in the echo area.\n\n'C-g' ('abort-key')\nCancel current operation.\n\nThe 'q' command of Info simply quits running Info.\n\n'q' ('quit')\n'C-x C-c'\nExit GNU Info.\n\nHere are commands affecting the display of nodes:\n\n'C-l' ('redraw-display')\nRedraw the display from scratch, or shift the line containing the\ncursor to a specified location. With no numeric argument, 'C-l'\nclears the screen, and then redraws its entire contents. Given a\nnumeric argument of N, the line containing the cursor is shifted so\nthat it is on the Nth line of the window.\n\n'M-x set-screen-height'\nRead a height value in the echo area and set the height of the\ndisplayed screen to that value. For example, if the operating\nsystem tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines tall, and it is\nactually only 40 lines tall, you could use this command to tell\nInfo that the operating system is incorrect.\n\n'C-x w' ('toggle-wrap')\nToggles the state of line wrapping in the current window.\nNormally, lines which are longer than the screen width \"wrap\",\ni.e., they are continued on the next line. Lines which wrap have a\n'\\' appearing in the rightmost column of the screen. You can cause\nsuch lines to be terminated at the rightmost column by changing the\nstate of line wrapping in the window with 'C-x w'. When a line\nwhich needs more space than one screen width to display is\ndisplayed, a '$' appears in the rightmost column of the screen, and\nthe remainder of the line is invisible. When long lines are\ntruncated, the mode line displays the '$' character near its left\nedge.\n\nOn MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the\ndimensions of the visible screen to the value you type in the echo area.\n\nFinally, Info provides a way to display footnotes which might be\nassociated with the current node that you are viewing:\n\n' C-f' ('show-footnotes')\nShow the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in\nanother window. You can have Info automatically display the\nfootnotes associated with a node when the node is selected by\nsetting the variable 'automatic-footnotes'. *Note\n'automatic-footnotes': Variables.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Invoking Info, Next: Variables, Prev: Miscellaneous Commands, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "12 Invoking Info": { "content": "GNU Info accepts several options to control the initial node or nodes\nbeing viewed, and to specify which directories to search for Info files.\nHere is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell:\n\ninfo [OPTION...] [MANUAL] [MENU-OR-INDEX-ITEM...]\n\nInfo will look for an entry called MANUAL in the directory files,\nwhich are named 'dir', that it finds in its search path. The search is\ncase-insensitive and considers substrings. (If MANUAL is not given, by\ndefault Info displays a composite directory listing, constructed by\ncombining the 'dir' files.) A basic example:\n\ninfo coreutils\n\nThis looks for an entry labelled 'coreutils', or 'Coreutils', etc.,\nand if found, displays the referenced file (e.g., 'coreutils.info') at\nthe location given. 'info coreu' will find it too, if there is no\nbetter match.\n\nAnother example:\n\ninfo ls\n\nAssuming the normal 'dir' entry for 'ls', this will show the 'ls'\ndocumentation, which happens to be within the 'coreutils' manual rather\nthan a separate manual. The 'dir' entries can point to any node within\na manual, so that users don't have to be concerned with the exact\nstructure used by different authors.\n\nIf no entry is found in the directories, Info looks for a file called\nMANUAL in its search path. If not found, Info looks for it with the\nfile extensions '.info', '-info', and '.inf'. For each of these known\nextensions, if a regular file is not found, Info looks for a compressed\nfile.(1)\n\nYou can specify the name of a node to visit with the '--node' or '-n'\noption. Alternatively, you can specify the file and node together using\nthe same format that occurs in Info cross-references. These two\nexamples both load the 'Files' node within the 'emacs' manual:\n\ninfo emacs -n Files\ninfo '(emacs)Files'\n\nIf you want to load a file without looking in the search path,\nspecify MANUAL either as an absolute path, or as a path relative to the\ncurrent directory which contains at least one slash character. (You can\nalso use the '--file' option for similar behavior, described below.)\nExamples:\n\ninfo /usr/local/share/info/bash.info\ninfo ./document.info\n", "subsections": [] }, "Info looks for MANUAL only in the explicitly specified directory, and": { "content": "adds that directory to its search path.\n\nInfo treats any remaining arguments as the names of menu items, or\n(see below) index entries. The first argument is a menu item in the\n'Top' node of the file loaded, the second argument is a menu item in the\nfirst argument's node, etc. You can move to the node of your choice by\nspecifying the menu names which describe the path to that node. For\nexample,\n\ninfo emacs buffers\ninfo texinfo Overview 'Using Texinfo'\n", "subsections": [] }, "The first example selects the menu item 'Buffers' in the node": { "content": "'(emacs)Top'. The second example loads the 'texinfo' file and looks in\nits top-level menu for a 'Overview' item, looks in the menu of the node\nreferenced, and finally displays the node referenced by the 'Using\nTexinfo' item.\n\nIf there was only one MENU-OR-INDEX-ITEM argument and it wasn't found\nas a menu item, Info looks for it as an index entry. For example:\n\ninfo libc printf\n", "subsections": [] }, "This loads the libc Info manual and first looks for 'printf' in the": { "content": "top-level menu as usual; since it isn't there (at this writing), it then\nlooks in the indices. If it's found there (which it is), the relevant\nnode at the given location is displayed.\n\nIf Info is invoked when its standard output is not a terminal, it\ndoes not attempt to start an interactive session; rather, it writes the\ncontents of the loaded nodes and subnodes to standard output, as if the\n'--output=-' and '--subnodes' options were given. This can be used to\npipe the contents of Info nodes to another program, such as a pager.\n\nA complete list of options follows.\n\n'--all'\n'-a'\nFind all files matching MANUAL. Three usage patterns are\nsupported, as follows.\n\nFirst, if '--all' is used together with '--where', 'info' prints\nthe names of all matching files found on standard output (including\n'*manpages*' if relevant) and exits.\n\nSecond, if '--all' is used together with '--output', the contents\nof all matched files are dumped to the specified output file.\n\nOtherwise, an interactive session is initiated. If more than one\nfile matches, a menu node is displayed listing the matches and\nallowing you to select one. This menu node can be brought back at\nany time by pressing 'C-x f'. If there is only one match, 'info'\nstarts as usual.\n\nWhen used with the '--index-search' option, 'info' displays a menu\nof matching index entries (just as the 'virtual-index' command\ndoes; see *note Index Commands::).\n\nThe '--node' option cannot be used together with this option.\n\n'--apropos=STRING'\n'-k STRING'\nSpecify a string to search in every index of every Info file\ninstalled on your system. Info looks up the named STRING in all\nthe indices it can find, prints the results to standard output, and\nthen exits. If you are not sure which Info file explains certain\nissues, this option is your friend. (If your system has a lot of\nInfo files installed, searching all of them might take some time!)\n\nYou can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see *note\nSearching Commands::.\n\n'--debug=NUMBER'\n'-x NUMBER'\nPrint additional debugging information. The argument specifies the\nverbosity level, so a higher level includes all the information\nfrom lower levels. For all available debugging output, use\n'-x -1'. Info version 7.1 has these levels:\n\n'1'\nPrint information about file handling, such as looking for\n'dir' files and nodes written with '--output'.\n\n'2'\nPrint operations relating to 'INFOPATH'.\n\n'3'\nPrint information about node searching.\n\nDebugging output goes to standard error.\n\n'--directory DIRECTORY-PATH'\n'-d DIRECTORY-PATH'\nAdd DIRECTORY-PATH to the list of directory paths searched when\nInfo needs to find a file. You may issue '--directory' multiple\ntimes; once for each directory which contains Info files, or with a\nlist of such directories separated by a colon (or semicolon on\nMS-DOS/MS-Windows).\n\nDirectories specified in the environment variable 'INFOPATH' are\nadded to the directories specified with '--directory', if any. The\nvalue of 'INFOPATH' is a list of directories usually separated by a\ncolon; on MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, the semicolon is used. If the\nvalue of 'INFOPATH' ends with a colon (or semicolon on\nMS-DOS/MS-Windows), the initial list of directories is constructed\nby appending the build-time default to the value of 'INFOPATH'.\n\nIf you do not define 'INFOPATH', Info uses a default path defined\nwhen Info was built as the initial list of directories.\n\nRegardless of whether 'INFOPATH' is defined, the default\ndocumentation directory defined when Info was built is added to the\nsearch path. If you do not want this directory to be included, set\nthe 'infopath-no-defaults' variable to 'On' (*note\ninfopath-no-defaults::).\n\nIf the list of directories contains the element 'PATH', that\nelement is replaced by a list of directories derived from the value\nof the environment variable 'PATH'. Each path element of the form\nDIR/BASE is replaced by DIR'/share/info' or DIR'/info', provided\nthat directory exists.\n\n'--dribble=FILE'\nSpecify a file where all user keystrokes will be recorded. This\nfile can be used later to replay the same sequence of commands, see\nthe '--restore' option below.\n\n'--file MANUAL'\n'-f MANUAL'\nSpecify a particular manual to visit without looking its name up in\nany 'dir' files.\n\nWith this option, it starts by trying to visit '(MANUAL)Top', i.e.,\nthe 'Top' node in (typically) 'MANUAL.info'. As above, it tries\nvarious file extensions to find the file. If no such file (or\nnode) can be found, Info exits without doing anything. As with the\n'dir' lookup described above, any extra MENU-OR-INDEX-ITEM\narguments are used to locate a node within the loaded file.\n\nIf MANUAL is an absolute file name, or begins with './' or '../',\nor contains an intermediate directory, Info will only look for the\nfile in the directory specified, and add this directory to\n'INFOPATH'. (This is the same as what happens when '--file' is not\ngiven.)\n\n'--help'\n'-h'\nOutput a brief description of the available Info command-line\noptions.\n\n'--index-search STRING'\nAfter processing all command-line arguments, go to the index in the\nselected Info file and search for index entries which match STRING.\nIf such an entry is found, the Info session begins with displaying\nthe node pointed to by the first matching index entry; press ',' to\nstep through the rest of the matching entries. If no such entry\nexists, print 'no entries found' and exit with nonzero status.\nThis can be used from another program as a way to provide online\nhelp, or as a quick way of starting to read an Info file at a\ncertain node when you don't know the exact name of that node.\n\nWhen used with the '--all' option, 'info' displays a menu of\nmatching index entries (just as the 'virtual-index' command does;\nsee *note Index Commands::).\n\nThis command can also be invoked from inside Info; *note Searching\nCommands::.\n\n'--init-file INIT-FILE'\nRead key bindings and variable settings from INIT-FILE instead of\nthe '.infokey' file in your home directory. *Note Custom Key\nBindings::.\n\n'--node NODENAME'\n'-n NODENAME'\nSpecify a particular node to visit in the initial file that Info\nloads. You may specify '--node' multiple times: for an interactive\nInfo, each NODENAME is visited in its own window; for a\nnon-interactive Info (such as when '--output' is given) each\nNODENAME is processed sequentially.\n\nYou can specify both the file and node to the '--node' option using\nthe usual Info syntax, but don't forget to escape the open and\nclose parentheses and whitespace from the shell; for example:\ninfo --node \"(emacs)Buffers\"\n\n'--output FILE'\n'-o FILE'\nDirect output to FILE. Each node that Info visits will be output\nto FILE instead of interactively viewed. A value of '-' for FILE\nmeans standard output.\n\n'--no-raw-escapes'\n'--raw-escapes, -R'\nBy default, Info passes SGR terminal control sequences (also known\nas ANSI escape sequences) found in documents directly through to\nthe terminal. If you use the '--no-raw-escapes' options, these\nsequences are displayed as other control characters are; for\nexample, an byte is displayed as '^['. The '--raw-escapes'\nand '-R' options do not do anything, but are included for\ncompleteness.\n\n'--restore=DRIBBLE-FILE'\nRead keystrokes from DRIBBLE-FILE, presumably recorded during\nprevious Info session (see the description of the '--dribble'\noption above). When the keystrokes in the files are all read, Info\nreverts its input to the usual interactive operation.\n\n'--show-malformed-multibytes'\n'--no-show-malformed-multibytes'\nShow malformed multibyte sequences in the output. By default, such\nsequences are dropped.\n\n'--show-options'\n'--usage'\n'-O'\nLook for the node that describes how to invoke the program. The\nname of the program is taken from the other non-option arguments on\nthe command line. For example, 'info emacs -O' loads the 'Emacs\nInvocation' node of the 'emacs' manual.\n\nThis option is provided to make it easier to find the most\nimportant usage information in a manual without navigating through\nmenu hierarchies. The effect is similar to the 'M-x\ngoto-invocation' command (*note goto-invocation::) from inside\nInfo.\n\n'--speech-friendly'\n'-b'\nOn MS-DOS/MS-Windows only, this option causes Info to use standard\nfile I/O functions for screen writes. (By default, Info uses\ndirect writes to the video memory on these systems, for faster\noperation and colored display support.) This allows the speech\nsynthesizers used by blind persons to catch the output and convert\nit to audible speech.\n\n'--strict-node-location'\nThis option causes Info not to search \"nearby\" to locate nodes, and\ninstead strictly use the information provided in the Info file.\nThe practical use for this option is for debugging programs that\nwrite Info files, to check that they are outputting the correct\nlocations. Due to bugs and malfeasances in the various Info\nwriting programs over the years and versions, it is not advisable\nto ever use this option when just trying to read documentation.\n\n'--subnodes'\nThis option only has meaning when given in conjunction with\n'--output'. It means to recursively output the nodes appearing in\nthe menus of each node being output. Menu items which resolve to\nexternal Info files are not output, and neither are menu items\nwhich are members of an index. Each node is only output once.\n\n'-v NAME=VALUE'\n'--variable=NAME=VALUE'\nSet the 'info' variable NAME to VALUE. *Note Variables::.\n\n'--version'\nPrints the version information of Info and exits.\n\n'--vi-keys'\nThis option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key\nbindings of 'vi' and Less. The bindings activated by this option\nare documented in *note infokey format::. (*Note Custom Key\nBindings:: for a more general way of altering GNU Info's key\nbindings.)\n\n'--where'\n'--location'\n'-w'\nShow the filename that would be read and exit, instead of actually\nreading it and starting Info.\n\nFinally, Info defines many default key bindings and variables. *Note", "subsections": [] }, "Custom Key Bindings:: for information on how to customize these": { "content": "settings.\n\n---------- Footnotes ----------\n\n(1) Info supports files compressed with 'gzip', 'xz', 'bzip2',\n'lzip', 'lzma', 'compress' and 'yabba' programs, assumed to have\nextensions '.z', '.gz', '.xz', '.bz2', '.lz', '.lzma', '.Z', and '.Y'\nrespectively.\n\nOn MS-DOS, Info allows for the Info extension, such as '.inf', and\nthe short compressed file extensions, such as '.z' and '.gz', to be\nmerged into a single extension, since DOS doesn't allow more than a\nsingle dot in the basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks\nfor 'bison', file names like 'bison.igz' and 'bison.inz' will be found\nand decompressed by 'gunzip'.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Variables, Next: Colors and Styles, Prev: Invoking Info, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "13 Manipulating Variables": { "content": "GNU Info uses several internal \"variables\" whose values are looked at by\nvarious Info commands. You can change the values of these variables,\nand thus change the behavior of Info, if desired.\n\nThere are three ways to set the value of a variable, listed here in\norder of precedence:\n\n1. interactively, using the 'set-variable' command described below;\n2. on the command line, using the '-v' ('--variable') command line\noption (*note variable-assignment::);\n3. in the '#var' section of the '.infokey' file (*note Custom Key\nBindings::).\n\n'M-x set-variable'\nRead the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area\nand then set the variable to that value. Completion is available\nwhen reading the variable name (*note The Echo Area::); completion\nis also available when reading the value when that makes sense.\n\n'M-x describe-variable'\nRead the name of a variable in the echo area and display its value\nand a brief description.\n\nHere is a list of the variables that you can set in Info.\n\n'automatic-footnotes'\nWhen set to 'On', footnotes appear and disappear automatically;\nelse, they appear at the bottom of the node text. This variable is\n'Off' by default. When a node is selected, a window containing the\nfootnotes which appear in that node is created, and the footnotes\nare displayed within the new window. The window that Info creates\nto contain the footnotes is called '*Footnotes*'. If a node is\nselected which contains no footnotes, and a '*Footnotes*' window is\non the screen, the '*Footnotes*' window is deleted. Footnote\nwindows created in this fashion are not automatically tiled so that\nthey can use as little of the display as is possible.\n\n'automatic-tiling'\nWhen set to 'On', creating or deleting a window resizes other\nwindows. This variable is 'Off' by default. Normally, typing 'C-x\n2' divides the current window into two equal parts. When\n'automatic-tiling' is set to 'On', all of the windows are resized\nautomatically, keeping an equal number of lines visible in each\nwindow. Any '*Completions*' and '*Footnotes*' windows are\nexceptions to the automatic tiling; they retain their original\nsize.\n\n'cursor-movement-scrolls'\nWhen set to 'On', when cursor movement commands reach the top or\nbottom of a node, another node is loaded depending on the value of\n'scroll-behavior' (see below). This is the default. When this\nvariable is set to 'Off', cursor movements stop at the top or\nbottom of a node.\n\n'errors-ring-bell'\nWhen set to 'On' (the default), errors cause the bell to ring.\n\n'follow-strategy'\nWhen set to 'remain' (the default), Info tries to remain within the\ndirectory containing the currently displayed Info file when\nfollowing a cross-reference to an external manual, before looking\nfor the referenced manual in the search path. The alternative\nvalue is 'path', which means to look through the search path right\naway.\n\n'remain' is intended to be useful for several Texinfo manuals that\nall reference each other and whose versions should match each\nother. (For example, various manuals relating to a particular\nversion of Emacs.)\n\nThe alternative behavior, with 'path', may be useful when your Info\nfile search path parallels your command shell's search path, and\nyou always want to find documentation of the version of the program\nthat the shell would execute.\n\n'gc-compressed-files'\nWhen set to 'On', Info garbage collects files which had to be\nuncompressed. The default value of this variable is 'Off'.\nWhenever a node is visited in Info, the Info file containing that\nnode is read into memory, and Info reads information about the tags\nand nodes contained in that file. Once the tags information is\nread by Info, it is never forgotten. However, the actual text of\nthe nodes does not need to be retained unless a particular Info\nwindow needs it. For non-compressed files, node text is not\nremembered when it is no longer in use. But de-compressing a file\ncan be a time-consuming operation, and so Info tries hard not to do\nit twice. This variable tells Info it is okay to garbage collect\nthe text of the nodes of a file which was compressed on disk.\n\n'hide-note-references'\nBy default, Info displays the contents of Info files mostly\nverbatim, including text that is used by Info readers for\nnavigation (for example, marking the location of menus or\ncross-references). If you set this variable to 'On', some of this\ntext is hidden, in a similar way to the 'Info-hide-note-references'\nvariable in Emacs (*note (info)Emacs Info Variables::).\n\n'highlight-searches'\nWhen set to 'On', highlight matches from searching commands (*note\nSearching Commands::).\n\n'infopath-no-defaults'\nUsed in conjunction with the 'INFOPATH' environment variable (*note\nINFOPATH::). When set to 'On', the default documentation directory\ndefined when Info was built (e.g., '/usr/share/info') is not added\nto the search path for Info files.\n\n'ISO-Latin'\nThe default is 'On', which means that Info accepts and displays\ncharacters represented by bytes with values 128 and above, such as\ncharacters in the UTF-8 encoding or in various 8-bit ISO Latin\ncharacters, as well as allowing you to input such characters.\n\nThe only reason to set this variable to 'Off' would be if your\nterminal set the eighth bit of a byte to represent the Meta key\nbeing pressed.\n\n'key-time'\nLength of time in milliseconds to wait for the next byte of a byte\nsequence generated by a key (or key chord) on the keyboard. For\nexample, if the 'down' key generates the byte sequence ' O B',\nand the two bytes ' O' have been received, then a 'B' byte\nwould have to be received within this length of time for a key\npress of 'down' to be registered. You may wish to set this\nvariable to a larger value for slow terminals or network\nconnections.\n\nIf you set this variable to 0, it's unspecified whether a\nrecognized byte sequence representing a key takes precedence over\nanother recognized sequence representing a key that is an initial\nsubsequence of the first sequence. In some cases, you may be able\nto make pressing a special key on the keyboard that Info doesn't\nknow about (for example, a function key) cause a command to be\nexecuted by setting this variable to 0, and giving the byte\nsequence the key sends in '.infokey'. (*Note Custom Key\nBindings::.)\n\n'min-search-length'\nMinimum length of a search string (default 1). Attempts to\ninitiate a search for a string (or regular expression) shorter than\nthis value, result in an error.\n\n'mouse'\nWhat method to use to get input from a mouse device. The default\nvalue is 'Off'. Set this variable to 'normal-tracking' to make\nInfo use \"normal tracking mode\" if it detects that the terminal\nsupports it. This enables you to scroll the contents of the active\nwindow with a mouse scrollwheel.\n\nOn terminal emulators running under the X Window System, such as\n'xterm', you can usually select text with the mouse. However,\nmouse tracking mode may interfere with this. When this happens,\nyou may be able to select text by holding down the 'Shift' key\nwhile clicking and dragging.\n\n'nodeline'\nHow to print the node header line that appears at the top of each\nnode. By default only the pointers to neighbouring nodes are\ndisplayed (the \"Next\", \"Prev\", and \"Up\" pointers): this corresponds\nto the 'pointers' value for this variable. To print the entire\nline, set 'nodeline' to the value 'print', which will include the\nfilename and name of the node. To not display the header line at\nall, use the value 'no'.\n\n'scroll-behavior'\n'scroll-behaviour'\nThe two variable names are synonymous. Control what happens when\nscrolling commands are used at the end or beginning of a node\n(*note Scrolling Commands::). The default value for this variable\nis 'Continuous'. Possible values:\n\n'Continuous'\nTry to get the first item in this node's menu, or failing\nthat, the 'Next' node, or failing that, the 'Next' of the 'Up'\nnode. This behavior is identical to using the ']'\n('global-next-node') and '[' ('global-prev-node') commands.\n\n'Next Only'\nOnly try to get the 'Next' node.\n\n'Page Only'\nJust stop, changing nothing. With this value, no scrolling\ncommand can change the node that is being viewed.\n\nThis variable also affects cursor movement commands (*note Cursor\nCommands::) unless the 'cursor-movement-scrolls' variable is set to\n'Off'. *Note cursor-movement-scrolls::.\n\n'scroll-last-node'\nControl what happens when a scrolling command is issued at the end\nof the last node. Possible values are:\n\n'Stop'\nDo not scroll. Display the 'No more nodes within this\ndocument' message. This is the default.\n\n'Top'\nGo to the top node of the document.\n\nThis variable is in effect only if 'scroll-behavior' is set to\n'Continuous'.\n\n'scroll-step'\nThe number of lines to scroll to bring the cursor back into the\nwindow. The default value of this variable is 1, which causes a\nkind of \"smooth scrolling\" which some people prefer. Scrolling\nhappens automatically if the cursor has moved out of the visible\nportion of the node text.\n\nIf the variable 'scroll-step' is 0, the cursor (and the text it is\nattached to) is placed in the centre of the window.\n\n'search-skip-screen'\nSet the starting point of repeated searches (*note\nrepeated-search::). When set to 'Off' (the default), repeated\nsearches start at the position immediately following (when\nsearching in forward direction), or immediately preceding (when\nsearching backwards) the cursor. When set to 'On', repeated\nsearches omit lines visibly displayed on the screen. In other\nwords, forward searches ('}') start at the beginning of the next\npage, and backward searches ('{') start at the end of the previous\npage.\n\n'show-index-match'\nWhen set to 'On' (the default), the portion of the matched search\nstring that you typed is indicated (by displaying it in the\n\"opposite\" case) in the result message (*note 'next-index-match':\nSearching Commands.).\n\n'visible-bell'\nWhen set to 'On', Info attempts to flash the screen instead of\nringing the bell. This variable is 'Off' by default. If the\nterminal does not allow flashing, this variable has no effect.\n(But you can still make Info perform quietly by setting the\n'errors-ring-bell' variable to 'Off'; or using an external command\nto mute the bell, e.g., 'xset b 0 0 0'.)\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Colors and Styles, Next: Custom Key Bindings, Prev: Variables, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "14 Colors and Styles": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "You can choose to highlight parts of Info's display, such as": { "content": "cross-references and search matches, using a variety of styles,\nincluding colors, boldface and underline. Here are the variables that\nare available to do this:\n\n'link-style'\nUsed for cross-references and menu entries.\n\n'active-link-style'\nUsed for a cross-reference or menu entry when typing would\nhave the effect of following said cross-reference or menu entry.\n\n'match-style'\nUsed for matches from a search command. (*Note Searching\nCommands::.)\n\nEach of these is given in the '.infokey' file just as the variables\nin the previous chapter. Their values are a comma-separated list of\nvalues in the following table:\n\n'black'\n'red'\n'green'\n'yellow'\n'blue'\n'magenta'\n'cyan'\n'white'\nUse the color specified for text.\n\n'nocolor'\n'nocolour'\nTurn off any color that was in effect, using the terminal's default\ncolor.\n\n'bgblack'\n'bgred'\n'bggreen'\n'bgyellow'\n'bgblue'\n'bgmagenta'\n'bgcyan'\n'bgwhite'\nUse the color specified for the background.\n\n'bgnocolor'\n'bgnocolour'\nUse the terminal's default background color.\n\n'underline'\n'nounderline'\nTurn text underline on or off.\n\n'standout'\n'nostandout'\nTurn 'standout mode' on or off. Standout mode entails the use of\nappearance modes that make text stand out, and varies between\nterminals.\n\n'bold'\n'regular'\n'nobold'\nTurn boldface on or off.\n\n'blink'\n'noblink'\nMake the text blink, or not.\n\nHere is an sample excerpt from an '.infokey' file:\n\n#var\nlink-style=yellow\nactive-link-style=yellow,bold\nmatch-style=underline,bold,nocolor\n", "subsections": [] }, "With this, cross-references are all yellow, and active cross-references": { "content": "are additionally displayed in bold. Any search matches will be shown in\nbold, and underlined. Moreover, if there is a search match inside a\ncross-reference, the 'nocolor' rendition style will cancel the yellow\ncolor, leaving the text in the match the terminal's default color.\n(Note, however, that the rendition styles for active cross-references\ntake priority over those for search matches, so search matches there\nwill still be displayed in yellow.)\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Custom Key Bindings, Next: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings, Prev: Colors and Styles, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "15 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "Info allows you to override the default key-to-command bindings and": { "content": "variable settings described in this document. (The '--vi-keys' option\nrebinds many keys at once; *note --vi-keys::.)\n\nOn startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's\n'HOME' directory called '.infokey', i.e., '~/.infokey'.(1) If it is\npresent, then Info adopts the key bindings and variable settings\ncontained therein. To use an alternative configuration file, use the\n'--init-file' option (*note --init-file::).\n\nVariables may also be set on the command line with the '--variable'\noption (*note variable-assignment::). Variable settings on the command\nline override settings from the '.infokey' file.\n\n* Menu:\n\n* infokey format::\n\n---------- Footnotes ----------\n\n(1) Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of", "subsections": [] }, "Info looks for a file 'infokey' instead. If the 'HOME' variable is not": { "content": "defined, Info additionally looks in the current directory.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: infokey format, Up: Custom Key Bindings": { "content": "", "subsections": [ { "name": "15.1 'infokey' format", "content": "" } ] }, "Here is an example '.infokey' file which specifies the key bindings that": { "content": "are activated by the '--vi-keys' option to Info (*note --vi-keys::).\n\n#info\ng first-node\nG last-node\n\\mb beginning-of-node\n\\me end-of-node\nj next-line\nk prev-line\n\nf scroll-forward-page-only\n^f scroll-forward-page-only\n\\m\\ scroll-forward-page-only\nz scroll-forward-page-only-set-window\n\nb scroll-backward-page-only\n^b scroll-backward-page-only\nw scroll-backward-page-only-set-window\n\n\\kd down-line\n^e down-line\n^j down-line\n^m down-line\n\\ku up-line\n^y up-line\n^k up-line\n\nd scroll-half-screen-down\n^d scroll-half-screen-down\nu scroll-half-screen-up\n^u scroll-half-screen-up\n\n^xn next-node\n^xp prev-node\n^xu up-node\n' last-node\n\\mt top-node\n\\md dir-node\n\n^xg goto-node\nI goto-invocation-node\n\nn search-next\nN search-previous\n\n\\mf xref-item\n^xr xref-item\n\n\\mg select-reference-this-line\n^x^j select-reference-this-line\n^x^m select-reference-this-line\n\n^c abort-key\n\n\\mh get-info-help-node\n\n:q quit\nZZ quit\n\n#echo-area\n\\mh echo-area-backward\n\\ml echo-area-forward\n\\m0 echo-area-beg-of-line\n\\m$ echo-area-end-of-line\n\\mw echo-area-forward-word\n\\mx echo-area-delete\n\\mu echo-area-abort\n^v echo-area-quoted-insert\n\\mX echo-area-kill-word\n\nThe file consists of one or more \"sections\". Each section starts\nwith a line that identifies the type of section. The possible sections\nare:\n\n'#info'\nKey bindings for Info windows. The start of this section is\nindicated by a line containing just '#info' by itself. If this is\nthe first section in the source file, the '#info' line can be\nomitted. The rest of this section consists of lines of the form:\n\nSTRING whitespace ACTION [ whitespace [ # comment ] ] newline\n\nWhitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs.\nComment is any sequence of any characters, excluding newline.\nSTRING is the key sequence which invokes the action. ACTION is the\nname of an Info command. The characters in STRING are interpreted\nliterally or prefixed by a caret ('^') to indicate a control\ncharacter. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies\ninput keystrokes as follows:\n\n'\\b'\nBackspace\n'\\e'\nEscape (ESC)\n'\\n'\nNewline\n'\\r'\nReturn\n'\\t'\nTab\n'\\ku'\nUp arrow\n'\\kd'\nDown arrow\n'\\kl'\nLeft arrow\n'\\kr'\nRight arrow\n'\\kU'\nPage Up\n'\\kD'\nPage Down\n'\\kh'\nHOME\n'\\ke'\nEND\n'\\kx'\nDelete (DEL)\n'\\mX'\nMeta-X where X is any character as described above.\n\nBackslash followed by any other character indicates that character\nis to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by a\nbackslash include caret, space, tab, and backslash itself.\n\n'#echo-area'\nKey bindings for the echo area. The start of this section is\nindicated by a line containing just '#echo-area' by itself. The\nrest of this section has a syntax identical to that for the key\ndefinitions for the Info area, described above.\n\n'#var'\nVariable initializations. The start of this section is indicated\nby a line containing just '#var' by itself. Following this line is\na list of variable assignments, one per line. Each line consists\nof a variable name (*note Variables::) followed by '=' followed by\na value. There may be no white space between the variable name and\nthe '=', and all characters following the '=', including white\nspace, are included in the value.\n\nBlank lines and lines starting with '#' are ignored, except for the\nspecial section header lines.\n\nKey bindings defined in the '.infokey' file take precedence over GNU", "subsections": [] }, "Info's default key bindings, whether or not '--vi-keys' is used. A": { "content": "default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the '.infokey'\nfile with the action 'invalid'. In addition, all default key bindings\ncan be disabled by adding this line anywhere in the relevant section:\n\n#stop\n\nThis will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for\nthat section.\n\nBeware: '#stop' can be dangerous. Since it disables all default key\nbindings, you must supply enough new key bindings to enable all\nnecessary actions. Failure to bind any key to the 'quit' command, for\nexample, can lead to frustration.\n\nNote that some keys (such as ) have special meanings to\nterminals, and any bindings for these would not be effective. *Note\n(coreutils)Special Characters::.\n\nThe order in which key bindings are defined in the '.infokey' file is\nnot important, except that the command summary produced by the\n'get-help-window' command only displays the first key that is bound to\neach command.\n", "subsections": [] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings, Next: Index, Prev: Custom Key Bindings, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "16 Alternate MS-DOS/Windows keybindings": { "content": "Here are some keybindings that are only used in Info on MS-DOS/Windows.\n", "subsections": [ { "name": "Cursor commands", "content": "''\n'beginning-of-line'\n''\n'end-of-line'\n'C-'\n'forward-word'\n'C-'\n'backward-word'\n'C-'\n'beginning-of-node'\n'C-'\n'end-of-node'\n" }, { "name": "Node commands", "content": "'C-'\n'next-node'\n'C-'\n'prev-node'\n'C- (an arrow key)'\n'up-node'\n'C-
'\n'history-node'\n\nThe key is known as the key on some keyboards. The\n key is known as the key on some keyboards.\n" }, { "name": "Echo area commands", "content": "'C-'\n'echo-area-forward-word'\n'C-'\n'echo-area-backward-word'\n'Shift-'\n'echo-area-tab-insert'\n\nOn DOS/Windows only, the 'Shift-' key is an alias for 'M-'.\nThis key is sometimes called 'BackTab'.\n" }, { "name": "Miscellaneous commands", "content": "''\n'get-help-window'\n" } ] }, "File: info-stnd.info, Node: Index, Prev: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings, Up: Top": { "content": "", "subsections": [] }, "Appendix A Index": { "content": "* Menu:\n\n* info file (MS-DOS): Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)\n* -: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 72)\n* --all (-a) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 97)\n* --apropos (-k) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 121)\n* --debug (-x) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 133)\n* --directory (-d) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 152)\n* --dribble command line option: Invoking Info. (line 182)\n* --file (-f) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 188)\n* --help (-h) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 206)\n* --index-search command line option: Invoking Info. (line 210)\n* --init-file command line option: Invoking Info. (line 228)\n* --node (-n) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 234)\n* --output (-o) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 247)\n* --raw-escapes (-R) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 253)\n* --restore command line option: Invoking Info. (line 262)\n* --show-malformed-multibytes command line option: Invoking Info.\n(line 269)\n* --show-options (--usage, -O) command line option: Invoking Info.\n(line 275)\n* --speech-friendly (-b) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 288)\n* --strict-node-location command line option: Invoking Info. (line 296)\n* --subnodes, command line option: Invoking Info. (line 305)\n* --variable (-v) command line option: Invoking Info. (line 313)\n* --version command line option: Invoking Info. (line 316)\n* --vi-keys command line option: Invoking Info. (line 319)\n* --where (--location, -w) command line option: Invoking Info.\n(line 328)\n* ,: Index Commands. (line 19)\n* ?: Searching Commands. (line 19)\n* ?, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 25)\n* .infokey format: infokey format. (line 6)\n* [: More Node Commands. (line 29)\n* ]: More Node Commands. (line 22)\n* {: Searching Commands. (line 40)\n* }: Searching Commands. (line 28)\n* *Footnotes* window: Variables. (line 32)\n* /: Searching Commands. (line 11)\n* <: More Node Commands. (line 10)\n* =, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 36)\n* >: More Node Commands. (line 16)\n* 0 ... 9, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 59)\n* 0, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)\n* 1 ... 9, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)\n* 1 ... 9, in Info windows <1>: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)\n* abort-key: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 86)\n* absolute Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 49)\n* active-link-style: Colors and Styles. (line 14)\n* add-digit-to-numeric-arg: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 59)\n* ANSI escape sequences in documents: Invoking Info. (line 253)\n* Apropos, in Info files: Invoking Info. (line 121)\n* arguments, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6)\n* arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 72)\n* automatic-footnotes: Variables. (line 31)\n* automatic-tiling: Variables. (line 43)\n* b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 45)\n* BackTab, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 54)\n* BackTab, in the echo area: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 42)\n* backward-char: Cursor Commands. (line 35)\n* backward-word: Cursor Commands. (line 41)\n* beginning-of-line: Cursor Commands. (line 24)\n* beginning-of-node: Cursor Commands. (line 45)\n* Blinking text: Colors and Styles. (line 72)\n* Bold text: Colors and Styles. (line 68)\n* BS (backspace): Scrolling Commands. (line 47)\n* bugs, reporting: Stand-alone Info. (line 28)\n* C-a, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 24)\n* C-a, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 24)\n* C-b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 35)\n* C-b, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 21)\n* C-CENTER: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-d, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 36)\n* C-e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 27)\n* C-e, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 27)\n* C-End: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* C-f, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 31)\n* C-f, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 17)\n* C-g, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 86)\n* C-g, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 46)\n* C-h: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 25)\n* C-Home: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* C-k, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 83)\n* C-l: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 97)\n* C-LEFT: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* C-LEFT, in the echo area: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 42)\n* C-n: Cursor Commands. (line 17)\n* C-NEXT: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-p: Cursor Commands. (line 21)\n* C-PgDn: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-PgUp: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-PREVIOUS: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-q, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 55)\n* C-r: Searching Commands. (line 63)\n* C-RIGHT: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* C-RIGHT, in the echo area: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 42)\n* C-s: Searching Commands. (line 58)\n* C-t, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 62)\n* C-u: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 46)\n* C-UP: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 27)\n* C-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 28)\n* C-w: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 111)\n* C-x ^: Basic Windows. (line 47)\n* C-x 0: Basic Windows. (line 34)\n* C-x 1: Basic Windows. (line 39)\n* C-x 2: Basic Windows. (line 26)\n* C-x b: More Node Commands. (line 106)\n* C-x C-b: More Node Commands. (line 101)\n* C-x C-c: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 92)\n* C-x C-f: More Node Commands. (line 95)\n* C-x DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 86)\n* C-x n: Searching Commands. (line 28)\n* C-x N: Searching Commands. (line 40)\n* C-x o: Basic Windows. (line 12)\n* C-x t: Basic Windows. (line 52)\n* C-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 89)\n* cancelling the current operation: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 86)\n* cancelling typeahead: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 86)\n* case-sensitive search: Searching Commands. (line 52)\n* case-sensitivity, and search: Searching Commands. (line 97)\n* clear-search: Searching Commands. (line 93)\n* Colored background: Colors and Styles. (line 49)\n* Colored foreground: Colors and Styles. (line 34)\n* colors in documents: Invoking Info. (line 253)\n* command line options: Invoking Info. (line 6)\n* command-line options, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 275)\n* commands, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 9)\n* completion: The Echo Area. (line 94)\n* compressed Info files: Invoking Info. (line 35)\n* current file, information about: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 36)\n* cursor-movement-scrolls: Variables. (line 53)\n* cursor, moving: Cursor Commands. (line 6)\n* customizing key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)\n* d: Node Commands. (line 42)\n* debugging: Invoking Info. (line 133)\n* default key bindings, overriding: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)\n* DEL, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 38)\n* DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 39)\n* delete-window: Basic Windows. (line 34)\n* describe-command: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 9)\n* describe-key: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 13)\n* describe-variable: Variables. (line 26)\n* dir-node: Node Commands. (line 42)\n* directory path: Invoking Info. (line 152)\n* display-file-info: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 36)\n* DOWN (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 17)\n* down-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 67)\n* e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 49)\n* echo area: The Echo Area. (line 6)\n* echo-area-abort: The Echo Area. (line 46)\n* echo-area-backward: The Echo Area. (line 21)\n* echo-area-backward-kill-line: The Echo Area. (line 86)\n* echo-area-backward-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 77)\n* echo-area-backward-word: The Echo Area. (line 33)\n* echo-area-beg-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 24)\n* echo-area-complete: The Echo Area. (line 107)\n* echo-area-delete: The Echo Area. (line 36)\n* echo-area-end-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 27)\n* echo-area-forward: The Echo Area. (line 17)\n* echo-area-forward-word: The Echo Area. (line 30)\n* echo-area-kill-line: The Echo Area. (line 83)\n* echo-area-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 73)\n* echo-area-newline: The Echo Area. (line 52)\n* echo-area-quoted-insert: The Echo Area. (line 55)\n* echo-area-rubout: The Echo Area. (line 39)\n* echo-area-scroll-completions-window: The Echo Area. (line 135)\n* echo-area-tab-insert: The Echo Area. (line 59)\n* echo-area-transpose-chars: The Echo Area. (line 62)\n* echo-area-yank: The Echo Area. (line 89)\n* echo-area-yank-pop: The Echo Area. (line 92)\n* Emacs Info reader: Stand-alone Info. (line 16)\n* End: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* end-of-line: Cursor Commands. (line 27)\n* end-of-node: Cursor Commands. (line 49)\n* errors-ring-bell: Variables. (line 60)\n* ESC C-f: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 130)\n* ESC C-v, in Info windows: Basic Windows. (line 42)\n* ESC C-v, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 135)\n* execute-command: Node Commands. (line 46)\n* f: Selecting Xrefs. (line 36)\n* F1: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 25)\n* file names, relative: Invoking Info. (line 49)\n* file, outputting to: Invoking Info. (line 247)\n* files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 35)\n* find-menu: Selecting Xrefs. (line 30)\n* finding the Invocation node: More Node Commands. (line 52)\n* first-node: More Node Commands. (line 10)\n* follow-strategy: Variables. (line 63)\n* footnotes window: Variables. (line 32)\n* footnotes, displaying: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 130)\n* format of .infokey: infokey format. (line 6)\n* forward-char: Cursor Commands. (line 31)\n* forward-word: Cursor Commands. (line 38)\n* functions, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 9)\n* g: More Node Commands. (line 39)\n* G: More Node Commands. (line 70)\n* gc-compressed-files: Variables. (line 81)\n* get-help-window: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 25)\n* get-info-help-node: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 30)\n* global-next-node: More Node Commands. (line 22)\n* global-prev-node: More Node Commands. (line 29)\n* goto-invocation: More Node Commands. (line 52)\n* goto-node: More Node Commands. (line 39)\n* grow-window: Basic Windows. (line 47)\n* h: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 30)\n* hide-note-references: Variables. (line 95)\n* highlight-searches: Searching Commands. (line 93)\n* highlight-searches <1>: Variables. (line 103)\n* history-node: Node Commands. (line 29)\n* Home: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 11)\n* i: Index Commands. (line 11)\n* I: Index Commands. (line 15)\n* incremental search: Searching Commands. (line 58)\n* index: Index Commands. (line 6)\n* index search, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info.\n(line 210)\n* index-apropos: Index Commands. (line 23)\n* index-search: Index Commands. (line 11)\n* index, searching: Index Commands. (line 11)\n* index, virtual: Index Commands. (line 15)\n* indexes: Index Commands. (line 6)\n* indices: Index Commands. (line 6)\n* Info files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 35)\n* Info files, reading in Emacs: Stand-alone Info. (line 16)\n* Info files, relative: Invoking Info. (line 49)\n* Info files, searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 121)\n* Info manual location: Invoking Info. (line 328)\n* Info manual, specifying initial: Invoking Info. (line 188)\n* INFOPRINTCOMMAND, environment variable: Printing Nodes. (line 13)\n* info-version: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 41)\n* Info, invoking: Invoking Info. (line 6)\n* infokey format: infokey format. (line 6)\n* infokey, program for customizing key bindings: Custom Key Bindings.\n(line 6)\n* INFOPATH: Invoking Info. (line 152)\n* infopath-no-defaults: Variables. (line 107)\n* initial node, specifying: Invoking Info. (line 188)\n* invocation description, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 275)\n* invoking Info: Invoking Info. (line 6)\n* isearch-backward: Searching Commands. (line 63)\n* isearch-forward: Searching Commands. (line 58)\n* ISO Latin characters: Variables. (line 114)\n* ISO-Latin: Variables. (line 113)\n* keep-one-window: Basic Windows. (line 39)\n* key bindings, customizing: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)\n* key-time: Variables. (line 123)\n* keys, describing: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 13)\n* keystrokes, recording: Invoking Info. (line 182)\n* l: Node Commands. (line 29)\n* last-menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)\n* last-node: More Node Commands. (line 16)\n* LEFT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 35)\n* LEFT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 21)\n* Less-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 319)\n* link-style: Colors and Styles. (line 11)\n* list-visited-nodes: More Node Commands. (line 101)\n* local printer device: Printing Nodes. (line 18)\n* m: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25)\n* M--: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 72)\n* M-<: Cursor Commands. (line 45)\n* M->: Cursor Commands. (line 49)\n* M-0 ... M-9: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 59)\n* M-0, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22)\n* M-1 ... M-9, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)\n* M-1 ... M-9, vi-like operation <1>: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)\n* M-b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 41)\n* M-b, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 33)\n* M-BS, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 79)\n* M-d, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 73)\n* M-DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 77)\n* M-f, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 38)\n* M-f, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 30)\n* M-r: Cursor Commands. (line 52)\n* M-TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 51)\n* M-TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 59)\n* M-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 55)\n* M-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 92)\n* malformed multibyte sequences, showing: Invoking Info. (line 269)\n* man: More Node Commands. (line 111)\n* man pages, displaying: More Node Commands. (line 111)\n* match-style: Colors and Styles. (line 18)\n* menu-digit: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12)\n* menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25)\n* menu-sequence: More Node Commands. (line 70)\n* menu, following: Invoking Info. (line 61)\n* menu, following, from inside Info: More Node Commands. (line 70)\n* Meta key sets eighth bit: Variables. (line 114)\n* min-search-length: Variables. (line 143)\n* mouse: Variables. (line 148)\n* move-to-next-xref: Selecting Xrefs. (line 44)\n* move-to-prev-xref: Selecting Xrefs. (line 51)\n* move-to-window-line: Cursor Commands. (line 52)\n* moving the cursor: Cursor Commands. (line 6)\n* n: Node Commands. (line 10)\n* negative arguments: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 72)\n* NEXT: Scrolling Commands. (line 13)\n* next-index-match: Index Commands. (line 19)\n* next-line: Cursor Commands. (line 17)\n* next-node: Node Commands. (line 10)\n* next-window: Basic Windows. (line 12)\n* node header line: Variables. (line 162)\n* node, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info. (line 234)\n* nodeline: Variables. (line 161)\n* nodes, selection of: Node Commands. (line 6)\n* Non-interactive usage: Invoking Info. (line 87)\n* numeric arguments: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 46)\n* numeric arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 72)\n* O: More Node Commands. (line 52)\n* online help, using Info as: Invoking Info. (line 210)\n* options, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6)\n* outputting to a file: Invoking Info. (line 247)\n* overriding default key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6)\n* p: Node Commands. (line 13)\n* PageDown: Scrolling Commands. (line 25)\n* PageUp: Scrolling Commands. (line 51)\n* prev-line: Cursor Commands. (line 21)\n* prev-node: Node Commands. (line 13)\n* prev-window: Basic Windows. (line 22)\n* PREVIOUS: Scrolling Commands. (line 39)\n* print-node: Printing Nodes. (line 13)\n* printing: Printing Nodes. (line 6)\n* printing characters, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 65)\n* printing nodes to the local printer: Printing Nodes. (line 18)\n* q: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 92)\n* quit: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 92)\n* quitting: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 92)\n* R: Searching Commands. (line 47)\n* r: Selecting Xrefs. (line 36)\n* redraw-display: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 97)\n* regular expression search: Searching Commands. (line 11)\n* relative Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 49)\n* remembering user keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 182)\n* repeated search: Searching Commands. (line 28)\n* replaying recorded keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 262)\n* RET, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 58)\n* RET, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 52)\n* RIGHT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 31)\n* RIGHT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 17)\n* s: Searching Commands. (line 11)\n* S: Searching Commands. (line 52)\n* screen, changing the height of: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 104)\n* scroll-backward: Scrolling Commands. (line 39)\n* scroll-backward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 55)\n* scroll-backward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 62)\n* scroll-behavior: Variables. (line 170)\n* scroll-behaviour: Variables. (line 171)\n* scroll-forward: Scrolling Commands. (line 13)\n* scroll-forward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 28)\n* scroll-forward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 33)\n* scroll-half-screen-down: Scrolling Commands. (line 75)\n* scroll-half-screen-up: Scrolling Commands. (line 81)\n* scroll-last-node: Variables. (line 194)\n* scroll-other-window: Basic Windows. (line 42)\n* scroll-step: Variables. (line 208)\n* scrolling: Scrolling Commands. (line 6)\n* scrolling through node structure: Scrolling Commands. (line 86)\n* search: Searching Commands. (line 11)\n* search-backward: Searching Commands. (line 19)\n* search-case-sensitively: Searching Commands. (line 52)\n* search-next: Searching Commands. (line 28)\n* search-previous: Searching Commands. (line 40)\n* search-skip-screen: Variables. (line 218)\n* search, and case-sensitivity: Searching Commands. (line 97)\n* search, case-sensitive: Searching Commands. (line 52)\n* searching: Searching Commands. (line 6)\n* Searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 121)\n* searching, in the indices: Index Commands. (line 11)\n* select-reference-this-line: Selecting Xrefs. (line 58)\n* select-visited-node: More Node Commands. (line 106)\n* Selecting text with the mouse: Variables. (line 155)\n* set-screen-height: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 104)\n* set-variable: Variables. (line 20)\n* Shift-TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 54)\n* Shift-TAB, in the echo area: MS-DOS/Windows keybindings.\n(line 42)\n* show-footnotes: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 130)\n* show-index-match: Variables. (line 229)\n* slow network connections: Variables. (line 124)\n* SPC, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 12)\n* speech synthesizers: Invoking Info. (line 288)\n* split-window: Basic Windows. (line 26)\n* Standard output not a terminal: Invoking Info. (line 87)\n* startup node, specifying: Invoking Info. (line 188)\n* t: Node Commands. (line 39)\n* TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 44)\n* TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 107)\n* tile-windows: Basic Windows. (line 52)\n* tiling: Basic Windows. (line 52)\n* toggle-regexp: Searching Commands. (line 47)\n* toggle-wrap: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 111)\n* top-node: Node Commands. (line 39)\n* tree-search: Searching Commands. (line 68)\n* tree-search-next: Searching Commands. (line 73)\n* tree-search-previous: Searching Commands. (line 73)\n* u: Node Commands. (line 16)\n* Underlined text: Colors and Styles. (line 57)\n* universal-argument: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 46)\n* UP (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 21)\n* up-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 71)\n* up-node: Node Commands. (line 16)\n* variable assignment: Invoking Info. (line 313)\n* variables, describing: Variables. (line 26)\n* variables, setting: Variables. (line 20)\n* version information: Invoking Info. (line 316)\n* vi-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 319)\n* view-file: More Node Commands. (line 95)\n* virtual-index: Index Commands. (line 15)\n* visible-bell: Variables. (line 235)\n* Where is an Info manual?: Invoking Info. (line 328)\n* where-is: Miscellaneous Commands.\n(line 21)\n* windows, creating: Basic Windows. (line 26)\n* windows, deleting: Basic Windows. (line 34)\n* windows, manipulating: Window Commands. (line 6)\n* windows, selecting: Basic Windows. (line 12)\n* xref-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 36)\n* xterm mouse selections: Variables. (line 155)\n\n", "subsections": [] } }, "flags": [], "examples": [], "see_also": [] }