{
    "mode": "info",
    "parameter": "cat",
    "section": "",
    "url": "https://www.chedong.com/phpMan.php/info/cat/json",
    "generated": "2026-11-15T15:34:38Z",
    "sections": {
        "File: coreutils.info,  Node: cat invocation,  Next: tac invocation,  Up: Output of entire files": {
            "content": "",
            "subsections": [
                {
                    "name": "3.1 'cat': Concatenate and write files",
                    "content": "'cat' copies each FILE ('-' means standard input), or standard input if\nnone are given, to standard output.  Synopsis:\n\ncat [OPTION] [FILE]...\n\nThe program accepts the following options.  Also see *note Common\noptions::.\n\n'-A'\n'--show-all'\nEquivalent to '-vET'.\n\n'-b'\n'--number-nonblank'\nNumber all nonempty output lines, starting with 1.\n\n'-e'\nEquivalent to '-vE'.\n\n'-E'\n'--show-ends'\nDisplay a '$' after the end of each line.  The '\\r\\n' combination\nis shown as '^M$'.\n\n'-n'\n'--number'\nNumber all output lines, starting with 1.  This option is ignored\nif '-b' is in effect.\n\n'-s'\n'--squeeze-blank'\nSuppress repeated adjacent blank lines; output just one empty line\ninstead of several.\n\n'-t'\nEquivalent to '-vT'.\n\n'-T'\n'--show-tabs'\nDisplay TAB characters as '^I'.\n\n'-u'\nIgnored; for POSIX compatibility.\n\n'-v'\n'--show-nonprinting'\nDisplay control characters except for LFD and TAB using '^'\nnotation and precede characters that have the high bit set with\n'M-'.\n\nOn systems like MS-DOS that distinguish between text and binary\nfiles, 'cat' normally reads and writes in binary mode.  However, 'cat'\nreads in text mode if one of the options '-bensAE' is used or if 'cat'\nis reading from standard input and standard input is a terminal."
                }
            ]
        },
        "Similarly, 'cat' writes in text mode if one of the options '-bensAE' is": {
            "content": "used or if standard output is a terminal.\n\nAn exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value\nindicates failure.\n\nExamples:\n\n# Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.\ncat f - g\n\n# Copy standard input to standard output.\ncat\n",
            "subsections": []
        }
    },
    "flags": [],
    "examples": [],
    "see_also": []
}