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📖 NAME

btrfs-check - check or repair a btrfs filesystem

🚀 Quick Reference

Use Case	Command	Description
🔍 Check filesystem integrity (read-only)	btrfs check /dev/sdX	Default mode, no changes made
🛠️ Repair filesystem	btrfs check --repair /dev/sdX	⚠️ Dangerous, only if advised
🔧 Use backup superblock	btrfs check -b /dev/sdX	Use first valid backup roots
📊 Check data checksums	btrfs check --check-data-csum /dev/sdX	Offline scrub without repair
🧹 Clear free space cache v1	btrfs check --clear-space-cache v1 /dev/sdX	Wipe entire free space cache
📈 Show progress	btrfs check -p /dev/sdX	Indicate progress during phases
🔍 Verify qgroup accounting	btrfs check -Q /dev/sdX	Compare qgroup vs filesystem

📋 SYNOPSIS

btrfs check [options] <device>

📝 DESCRIPTION

The filesystem checker is used to verify structural integrity of a filesystem and attempt to repair it if requested. It is recommended to unmount the filesystem prior to running the check, but it is possible to start checking a mounted filesystem (see --force).

By default, btrfs check will not modify the device but you can reaffirm that by the option --readonly.

btrfsck is an alias of btrfs check command and is now deprecated.

⚠️ Warning: Do not use --repair unless you are advised to do so by a developer or an experienced user, and then only after having accepted that no fsck successfully repair all types of filesystem corruption. Eg. some other software or hardware bugs can fatally damage a volume.

The structural integrity check verifies if internal filesystem objects or data structures satisfy the constraints, point to the right objects or are correctly connected together.

There are several cross checks that can detect wrong reference counts of shared extents, backreferences, missing extents of inodes, directory and inode connectivity etc.

The amount of memory required can be high, depending on the size of the filesystem, similarly the run time. Check the modes that can also affect that.

✅ SAFE OR ADVISORY OPTIONS

📦 -b|--backup

Use the first valid set of backup roots stored in the superblock. This can be combined with --super if some of the superblocks are damaged.

🔍 --check-data-csum

Verify checksums of data blocks. This expects that the filesystem is otherwise OK, and is basically an offline scrub that does not repair data from spare copies.

📌 --chunk-root <bytenr>

Use the given offset bytenr for the chunk tree root.

📊 -E|--subvol-extents <subvolid>

Show extent state for the given subvolume.

⏳ -p|--progress

Indicate progress at various checking phases.

📈 -Q|--qgroup-report

Verify qgroup accounting and compare against filesystem accounting.

📌 -r|--tree-root <bytenr>

Use the given offset bytenr for the tree root.

🔒 --readonly

(default) Run in read-only mode, this option exists to calm potential panic when users are going to run the checker.

📀 -s|--super <superblock>

Use 'superblock'th superblock copy, valid values are 0, 1 or 2 if the respective superblock offset is within the device size. This can be used to use a different starting point if some of the primary superblock is damaged.

🧹 --clear-space-cache v1|v2

Completely wipe all free space cache of given type. For free space cache v1, the clear_cache kernel mount option only rebuilds the free space cache for block groups that are modified while the filesystem is mounted with that option. Thus, using this option with v1 makes it possible to actually clear the entire free space cache. For free space cache v2, the clear_cache kernel mount option destroys the entire free space cache. This option, with v2 provides an alternative method of clearing the free space cache that doesn't require mounting the filesystem.

🗑️ --clear-ino-cache

Remove leftover items pertaining to the deprecated inode map feature.

☠️ DANGEROUS OPTIONS

🛠️ --repair

Enable the repair mode and attempt to fix problems where possible. Note: there's a warning and 10 second delay when this option is run without --force to give users a chance to think twice before running repair, the warnings in documentation have shown to be insufficient.

🔄 --init-csum-tree

Create a new checksum tree and recalculate checksums in all files. Note: Do not blindly use this option to fix checksum mismatch problems.

🔨 --init-extent-tree

Build the extent tree from scratch. Note: Do not use unless you know what you're doing.

⚙️ --mode <MODE>

Select mode of operation regarding memory and IO. The MODE can be one of:

• original — The metadata are read into memory and verified, thus the requirements are high on large filesystems and can even lead to out-of-memory conditions. The possible workaround is to export the block device over network to a machine with enough memory.
• lowmem — This mode is supposed to address the high memory consumption at the cost of increased IO when it needs to re-read blocks. This may increase run time. Note: lowmem mode does not work with --repair yet, and is still considered experimental.

💪 --force

Allow work on a mounted filesystem. Note that this should work fine on a quiescent or read-only mounted filesystem but may crash if the device is changed externally, eg. by the kernel module. Repair without mount checks is not supported right now. This option also skips the delay and warning in the repair mode (see --repair).

🚪 EXIT STATUS

btrfs check returns a zero exit status if it succeeds. Non zero is returned in case of failure.

🌐 AVAILABILITY

btrfs is part of btrfs-progs. Please refer to the btrfs wiki for further details.

📚 SEE ALSO

mkfs.btrfs(8), btrfs-scrub(8), btrfs-rescue(8)

Btrfs v5.16.2   02/16/2022   BTRFS-CHECK(8)

📖 NAME 🚀 Quick Reference 📋 SYNOPSIS 📝 DESCRIPTION ✅ SAFE OR ADVISORY OPTIONS ☠️ DANGEROUS OPTIONS 🚪 EXIT STATUS 🌐 AVAILABILITY 📚 SEE ALSO