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WINBINDD(8) WINBINDD(8)
NAME
winbindd - Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names from NT servers
SYNOPSIS
winbindd [-F] [-S] [-i] [-Y] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-n]
DESCRIPTION
This program is part of the samba(7) suite.
winbindd is a daemon that provides a number of services to the Name Service Switch
capability found in most modern C libraries, to arbitary applications via PAM and
ntlm_auth and to Samba itself.
Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a service to smbd,
ntlm_auth and the pam_winbind.so PAM module, by managing connections to domain con-
trollers. In this configuraiton the idmap uid and idmap gid parameters are not re-
quired. (This is known as ‘netlogon proxy only mode’.)
The Name Service Switch allows user and system information to be obtained from dif-
ferent databases services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Users and groups are allocated as they are
resolved to a range of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
Samba system.
The service provided by winbindd is called ‘winbind’ and can be used to resolve us-
er and group information from a Windows NT server. The service can also provide au-
thentication services via an associated PAM module.
The pam_winbind module supports the auth, account and password module-types. It
should be noted that the account module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain controller has already per-
formed access control. If the libnss_winbind library has been correctly installed,
or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
The following nsswitch databases are implemented by the winbindd service:
hosts This feature is only available on IRIX. User information traditionally
stored in the hosts(5) file and used bygethostbyname(3) functions. Names are
resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
passwd User information traditionally stored in the passwd(5) file and used bygetp-
went(3) functions.
group Group information traditionally stored in the group(5) file and used byget-
grent(3) functions.
For example, the following simple configuration in the/etc/nsswitch.conf file can
be used to initially resolve user and group information from /etc/passwd and
/etc/group and then from the Windows NT server.
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
## only available on IRIX; Linux users should us libnss_wins.so
hosts: files dns winbind
The following simple configuration in the/etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to
initially resolve hostnames from /etc/hosts and then from the WINS server.
hosts: files wins
OPTIONS
-F If specified, this parameter causes the main winbindd process to not daemo-
nize, i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal. Child processes
are still created as normal to service each connection request, but the main
process does not exit. This operation mode is suitable for runningwinbindd
under process supervisors such as supervise and svscan from Daniel J. Bern-
stein’s daemontools package, or the AIX process monitor.
-S If specified, this parameter causeswinbindd to log to standard output rather
than a file.
-V Prints the program version number.
-s <configuration file>
The file specified contains the configuration details required by the serv-
er. The information in this file includes server-specific information such
as what printcap file to use, as well as descriptions of all the services
that the server is to provide. See smb.conf for more information. The de-
fault configuration file name is determined at compile time.
-d|--debuglevel=level
level is an integer from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is not
specified is zero.
The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log files about
the activities of the server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for day-to-day run-
ning - it generates a small amount of information about operations carried
out.
Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and should
only be used when investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for
use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most of which
is extremely cryptic.
Note that specifying this parameter here will override the parameter in the
smb.conf file.
-l|--logfile=logdirectory
Base directory name for log/debug files. The extension ".progname" will be
appended (e.g. log.smbclient, log.smbd, etc...). The log file is never re-
moved by the client.
-h|--help
Print a summary of command line options.
-i Tells winbindd to not become a daemon and detach from the current terminal.
This option is used by developers when interactive debugging of winbindd is
required.winbindd also logs to standard output, as if the -S parameter had
been given.
-n Disable caching. This means winbindd will always have to wait for a response
from the domain controller before it can respond to a client and this thus
makes things slower. The results will however be more accurate, since re-
sults from the cache might not be up-to-date. This might also temporarily
hang winbindd if the DC doesn’t respond.
-Y Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run as a single process (the
mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd’s default behavior is to launch a
child process that is responsible for updating expired cache entries.
NAME AND ID RESOLUTION
Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned a security id (SID) which is
globally unique when the user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user
or group into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user and group
ids is required. This is one of the jobs that winbindd performs.
As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user and group ids are al-
located from a specified range. This is done on a first come, first served basis,
although all existing users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs
a user or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored in a
database file under the Samba lock directory and will be remembered.
WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location where the user and group
mappings are stored by winbindd. If this file is deleted or corrupted, there is no
way for winbindd to determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT us-
er and group rids.
See the parameter in smb.conf for options for sharing this database, such as via
LDAP.
CONFIGURATION
Configuration of the winbindd daemon is done through configuration parameters in
the smb.conf(5) file. All parameters should be specified in the [global] section of
smb.conf.
· winbind separator
· idmap uid
· idmap gid
· idmap backend
· winbind cache time
· winbind enum users
· winbind enum groups
· template homedir
· template shell
· winbind use default domain
EXAMPLE SETUP
To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authentication from a domain con-
troller use something like the following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat
Linux box.
In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the following:
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
In /etc/pam.d/* replace the auth lines with something like this:
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
use_first_pass shadow nullok
Note
The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb. Some Lin-
ux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
Note in particular the use of the sufficient keyword and the use_first_pass key-
word.
Now replace the account lines with this:
account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
The next step is to join the domain. To do that use thenet program like this:
net join -S PDC -U Administrator
The username after the -U can be any Domain user that has administrator privileges
on the machine. Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".
Next copy libnss_winbind.so to/lib and pam_winbind.so to /lib/security. A symbolic
link needs to be made from /lib/libnss_winbind.so to/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If
you are using an older version of glibc then the target of the link should
be/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.
Finally, setup a smb.conf(5) containing directives like the following:
[global]
winbind separator = +
winbind cache time = 10
template shell = /bin/bash
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
idmap uid = 10000-20000
idmap gid = 10000-20000
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = domain
password server = *
Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and group database is expand-
ed to include your NT users and groups, and that you can login to your unix box as
a domain user, using the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use
the commands getent passwd and getent group to confirm the correct operation of
winbindd.
NOTES
The following notes are useful when configuring and running winbindd:
nmbd(8) must be running on the local machine for winbindd to work.
PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what you are doing when mod-
ifying PAM configuration files. It is possible to set up PAM such that you can no
longer log into your system.
If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in general the user and
groups ids allocated by winbindd will not be the same. The user and group ids will
only be valid for the local machine, unless a shared is configured.
If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping file is damaged or de-
stroyed then the mappings will be lost.
SIGNALS
The following signals can be used to manipulate thewinbindd daemon.
SIGHUP Reload the smb.conf(5) file and apply any parameter changes to the running
version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached user and group in-
formation. The list of other domains trusted by winbindd is also reloaded.
SIGUSR2
The SIGUSR2 signal will cause winbindd to write status information to the
winbind log file.
Log files are stored in the filename specified by the log file parameter.
FILES
/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)
Name service switch configuration file.
/tmp/.winbindd/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with the winbindd program. For
security reasons, the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the
winbindd daemon if both the /tmp/.winbindd directory and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe
file are owned by root.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which ’privileged’ clients communicate with the winbindd
program. For security reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like
those needed by the ntlm_auth utility - is restricted. By default, only
users in the ’root’ group will get this access, however the administrator
may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
programs like ’squid’ to use ntlm_auth. Note that the winbind client will
only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the $LOCKDIR/win-
bindd_privileged directory and $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe file are
owned by root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X
Implementation of name service switch library.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb
Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group id mapping. The lock di-
rectory is specified when Samba is initially compiled using the --with-lock-
dir option. This directory is by default /usr/local/samba/var/locks .
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb
Storage for cached user and group information.
VERSION
This man page is correct for version 3.0 of the Samba suite.
SEE ALSO
nsswitch.conf(5), samba(7), wbinfo(1), ntlm_auth(8), smb.conf(5), pam_winbind(8)
AUTHOR
The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell.
Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the
way the Linux kernel is developed.
wbinfo and winbindd were written by Tim Potter.
The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion
to DocBook XML 4.2 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.
WINBINDD(8)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2009-01-10 11:41 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)