tbl - phpMan

TBL(1) TBL(1)

NAME
tbl - format tables for troff

SYNOPSIS
tbl [ -Cv ] [ files... ]

DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the GNU version of tbl, which is part of the groff docu-
ment formatting system. tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff
input files into commands that are understood by troff. Normally, it should be
invoked using the -t option of groff. It is highly compatible with Unix tbl. The
output generated by GNU tbl cannot be processed with Unix troff; it must be pro-
cessed with GNU troff. If no files are given on the command line, the standard
input will be read. A filename of - will cause the standard input to be read.

OPTIONS
-C Recognize .TS and .TE even when followed by a character other than space or
newline.

-v Print the version number.

USAGE
tbl expects to find table descriptions wrapped in the .TS (table start) and .TE
(table end) macros. The line immediately following the .TS macro may contain any
of the following global options (ignoring the case of characters -- Unix tbl only
accepts options with all characters lowercase or all characters uppercase):

center Centers the table (default is left-justified). The alternative keyword name
centre is also recognized (this is a GNU tbl extension).

delim(xy)
Use x and y as start and end delimiters for eqn(1).

expand Makes the table as wide as the current line length.

box Encloses the table in a box.

doublebox
Encloses the table in a double box.

allbox Encloses each item of the table in a box.

frame Same as box (GNU tbl only).

doubleframe
Same as doublebox (GNU tbl only).

tab(x) Uses the character x instead of a tab to separate items in a line of input
data.

linesize(n)
Sets lines or rules (e.g. from box) in n-point type.

nokeep Donâ€™t use diversions to prevent page breaks (GNU tbl only). Normally tbl
attempts to prevent undesirable breaks in the table by using diversions.
This can sometimes interact badly with macro packagesâ€™ own use of diver-
sions, when footnotes, for example, are used.

decimalpoint(c)
Set the character to be recognized as the decimal point in numeric columns
(GNU tbl only).

nospaces
Ignore leading and trailing spaces in data items (GNU tbl only).

The global options must end with a semicolon. There might be whitespace after an
option and its argument in parentheses.

After global options come lines describing the format of each line of the table.
Each such format line describes one line of the table itself, except that the last
format line (which you must end with a period) describes all remaining lines of the
table. A single key character describes each column of each line of the table.
You may run format specs for multiple lines together on the same line by separating
them with commas.

You may follow each key character with specifiers that determine the font and point
size of the corresponding item, that determine column width, inter-column spacing,
etc.

The longest format line defines the number of columns in the table; missing format
descriptors at the end of format lines are assumed to be â€˜Lâ€™. Extra columns in the
data (which have no corresponding format entry) are ignored.

The available key characters are:

c,C Centers item within the column.

r,R Right-justifies item within the column.

l,L Left-justifies item within the column.

n,N Numerically justifies item in the column: Units positions of numbers are
aligned vertically.

s,S Spans previous item on the left into this column.

a,A Centers longest line in this column and then left-justifies all other lines
in this column with respect to that centered line.

^ Spans down entry from previous row in this column.

_,- Replaces this entry with a horizontal line.

= Replaces this entry with a double horizontal line.

| The corresponding column becomes a vertical rule (if two of these are adja-
cent, a double vertical rule).

A vertical bar to the left of the first key-letter or to the right of the last one
produces a line at the edge of the table.

Here are the specifiers that can appear in suffixes to column key letters:

b,B Short form of fB (make affected entries bold).

i,I Short form of fI (make affected entries italic).

t,T Start an item vertically spanning rows at the top of its range rather than
vertically centering it.

d,D Start an item vertically spanning rows at the bottom of its range rather
than vertically centering it (GNU tbl only).

v,V Followed by a number, this indicates the vertical line spacing to be used in
a multi-line table entry. If signed, the current vertical line spacing is
incremented or decremented (using a signed number instead of a signed digit
is a GNU tbl extension). A vertical line spacing specifier followed by a
column separation number must be separated by one or more blanks. No effect
if the corresponding table entry isnâ€™t a text block.

f,F Either of these specifiers may be followed by a font name (either one or two
characters long), font number (a single digit), or long name in parentheses
(the last form is a GNU tbl extension). A one-letter font name must be sep-
arated by one or more blanks from whatever follows.

p,P Followed by a number, this does a point size change for the affected fields.
If signed, the current point size is incremented or decremented (using a
signed number instead of a signed digit is a GNU tbl extension). A point
size specifier followed by a column separation number must be separated by
one or more blanks.

w,W Minimal column width value. Must be followed either by a troff(1) width
expression in parentheses or a unitless integer. If no unit is given, en
units are used. Also used as the default line length for included text
blocks. If used multiple times, the last entry takes effect.

e,E Make equally-spaced columns.

u,U Move the corresponding column up one half-line.

z,Z Ignore the corresponding column for width-calculation purposes.

A number suffix on a key character is interpreted as a column separation in ens
(multiplied in proportion if the expand option is on). Default separation is 3n.

The format lines are followed by lines containing the actual data for the table,
followed finally by .TE. Within such data lines, items are normally separated by
tab characters (or the character specified with the tab option). Long input lines
can be broken across multiple lines if the last character on the line is â€˜\â€™ (which
vanishes after concatenation).

A dot starting a line, followed by anything but a digit is handled as a troff com-
mand, passed through without changes. The table position is unchanged in this
case.

If a data line consists of only â€˜_â€™ or â€˜=â€™, a single or double line, respectively,
is drawn across the table at that point; if a single item in a data line consists
of only â€˜_â€™ or â€˜=â€™, then that item is replaced by a single or double line, joining
its neighbours. If a data item consists only of â€˜\_â€™ or â€˜\=â€™, a single or double
line, respectively, is drawn across the field at that point which does not join its
neighbours.

A data item consisting only of â€˜\Rxâ€™ (â€˜xâ€™ any character) is replaced by repetitions
of character â€˜xâ€™ as wide as the column (not joining its neighbours).

A data item consisting only of â€˜\^â€™ indicates that the field immediately above
spans downward over this row.

A text block can be used to enter data as a single entry which would be too long as
a simple string between tabs. It is started with â€˜T{â€™ and closed with â€˜T}â€™. The
latter must start a line, probably followed by other data columns (separated with
tabs).

To change the data format within a table, use the .T& command (at the start of a
line). It is followed by format and data lines (but no global options) similar to
the .TS request.

INTERACTION WITH EQN
tbl(1) should always be called before eqn(1) (groff(1) automatically takes care of
the correct order of preprocessors).

GNU TBL ENHANCEMENTS
There is no limit on the number of columns in a table, nor any limit on the number
of text blocks. All the lines of a table are considered in deciding column widths,
not just the first 200. Table continuation (.T&) lines are not restricted to the
first 200 lines.

Numeric and alphabetic items may appear in the same column.

Numeric and alphabetic items may span horizontally.

tbl uses register, string, macro and diversion names beginning with the digit 3.
When using tbl you should avoid using any names beginning with a 3.

BUGS
You should use .TS H/.TH in conjunction with a supporting macro package for all
multi-page boxed tables. If there is no header that you wish to appear at the top
of each page of the table, place the .TH line immediately after the format section.
Do not enclose a multi-page table within keep/release macros, or divert it in any
other way.

A text block within a table must be able to fit on one page.

The bp request cannot be used to force a page-break in a multi-page table.
Instead, define BP as follows

.de BP
.ie â€â€™\\n(.zâ€â€™â€â€™ .bp \\$1
.el \!.BP \\$1
..

and use BP instead of bp.

Using \a directly in a table to get leaders will not work. This is correct
behaviour: \a is an uninterpreted leader. To get leaders use a real leader, either
by using a control A or like this:

.ds a \a
.TS
tab(;);
lw(1i) l.
A\*a;B
.TE

REFERENCE
Lesk, M.E.: "TBL -- A Program to Format Tables". For copyright reasons it cannot
be included in the groff distribution, but copies can be found with a title search
on the World Wide Web.