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STRTOL(P) STRTOL(P)
NAME
strtol, strtoll - convert a string to a long integer
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
long strtol(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);
long long strtoll(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr,
int base)
DESCRIPTION
These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by str
to a type long and long long representation, respectively. First, they decompose
the input string into three parts:
1. An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters (as specified by
isspace())
2. A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some radix deter-
mined by the value of base
3. A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including the terminat-
ing null byte of the input string.
Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an integer, and return
the result.
If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is that of a
decimal constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal constant, any of which may be pre-
ceded by a â€â€™+â€â€™ or â€â€™-â€â€™ sign. A decimal constant begins with a non-zero digit, and
consists of a sequence of decimal digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix
â€â€™0â€â€™ optionally followed by a sequence of the digits â€â€™0â€â€™ to â€â€™7â€â€™ only. A hexadecimal
constant consists of the prefix 0x or 0X followed by a sequence of the decimal dig-
its and letters â€â€™aâ€â€™ (or â€â€™Aâ€â€™ ) to â€â€™fâ€â€™ (or â€â€™Fâ€â€™ ) with values 10 to 15 respectively.
If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the subject sequence
is a sequence of letters and digits representing an integer with the radix speci-
fied by base, optionally preceded by a â€â€™+â€â€™ or â€â€™-â€â€™ sign. The letters from â€â€™aâ€â€™ (or
â€â€™Aâ€â€™ ) to â€â€™zâ€â€™ (or â€â€™Zâ€â€™ ) inclusive are ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters
whose ascribed values are less than that of base are permitted. If the value of
base is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede the sequence of letters
and digits, following the sign if present.
The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of the input
string, starting with the first non-white-space character that is of the expected
form. The subject sequence shall contain no characters if the input string is empty
or consists entirely of white-space characters, or if the first non-white-space
character is other than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is 0, the
sequence of characters starting with the first digit shall be interpreted as an
integer constant. If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of
base is between 2 and 36, it shall be used as the base for conversion, ascribing to
each letter its value as given above. If the subject sequence begins with a minus
sign, the value resulting from the conversion shall be negated. A pointer to the
final string shall be stored in the object pointed to by endptr, provided that
endptr is not a null pointer.
In other than the C or POSIX locales, other implementation-defined subject
sequences may be accepted.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no conversion
is performed; the value of str is stored in the object pointed to by endptr, pro-
vided that endptr is not a null pointer.
The strtol() function shall not change the setting of errno if successful.
Since 0, {LONG_MIN} or {LLONG_MIN}, and {LONG_MAX} or {LLONG_MAX} are returned on
error and are also valid returns on success, an application wishing to check for
error situations should set errno to 0, then call strtol() or strtoll(), then check
errno.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the converted value, if
any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 shall be returned and errno may be
set to [EINVAL].
If the correct value is outside the range of representable values, {LONG_MIN},
{LONG_MAX}, {LLONG_MIN}, or {LLONG_MAX} shall be returned (according to the sign of
the value), and errno set to [ERANGE].
ERRORS
These functions shall fail if:
ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
These functions may fail if:
EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
isalpha() , scanf() , strtod() , the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <stdlib.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating
System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C)
2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The
Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is
the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
POSIX 2003 STRTOL(P)
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