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RPM(8) Red Hat Linux RPM(8)
NAME
rpm - RPM Package Manager
SYNOPSIS
QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
rpm --import PUBKEY ...
rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
PACKAGE_FILE ...
INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
[--notriggers] [--repackage] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
MISCELLANEOUS:
rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb}
rpm {--addsign|--resign} PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {--querytags|--showrc}
rpm {--setperms|--setugids} PACKAGE_NAME ...
select-options
[PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]
[-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]
[--fileid MD5] [--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]
[--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]
[--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
query-options
[--changelog] [-c,--configfiles] [-d,--docfiles] [--dump]
[--filesbypkg] [-i,--info] [--last] [-l,--list]
[--provides] [--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT]
[-R,--requires] [--scripts] [-s,--state]
[--triggers,--triggerscripts]
verify-options
[--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
[--nodigest] [--nosignature]
[--nolinkto] [--nomd5] [--nosize] [--nouser]
[--nogroup] [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev]
install-options
[--aid] [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH]
[--excludedocs] [--force] [-h,--hash]
[--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
[--includedocs] [--justdb] [--nodeps]
[--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--nosuggest]
[--noorder] [--noscripts] [--notriggers]
[--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix NEWPATH]
[--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH]
[--repackage] [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
[--test]
DESCRIPTION
rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install, query, ver-
ify, update, and erase individual software packages. A package consists of an
archive of files and meta-data used to install and erase the archive files. The
meta-data includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive information
about the package. Packages come in two varieties: binary packages, used to encap-
sulate software to be installed, and source packages, containing the source code
and recipe necessary to produce binary packages.
One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify, Signature Check,
Install/Upgrade/Freshen, Uninstall, Initialize Database, Rebuild Database, Resign,
Add Signature, Set Owners/Groups, Show Querytags, and Show Configuration.
GENERAL OPTIONS
These options can be used in all the different modes.
-?, --help
Print a longer usage message then normal.
--version
Print a single line containing the version number of rpm being used.
--quiet
Print as little as possible - normally only error messages will be dis-
played.
-v Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages will be dis-
played.
-vv Print lots of ugly debugging information.
--rcfile FILELIST
Each of the files in the colon separated FILELIST is read sequentially by
rpm for configuration information. Only the first file in the list must
exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value of $HOME. The default
FILELIST is /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/red-
hat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.
--pipe CMD
Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.
--dbpath DIRECTORY
Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path /var/lib/rpm
--root DIRECTORY
Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all operations. Note that
this means the database within DIRECTORY will be used for dependency checks
and any scriptlet(s) (e.g. %post if installing, or %prep if building, a
package) will be run after a chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.
INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm install command is
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This installs a new package.
The general form of an rpm upgrade command is
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer version. This
is the same as install, except all other version(s) of the package are removed
after the new package is installed.
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This will upgrade packages, but only if an earlier version currently exists. The
PACKAGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package will
be downloaded before being installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm’s
internal ftp and http client support.
--aid Add suggested packages to the transaction set when needed.
--allfiles
Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package, regardless if
they exist.
--badreloc
Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just those
OLDPATH’s included in the binary package relocation hint(s).
--excludepath OLDPATH
Don’t install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.
--excludedocs
Don’t install any files which are marked as documentation (which includes
man pages and texinfo documents).
--force
Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
-h, --hash
Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Use with -v|--ver-
bose for a nicer display.
--ignoresize
Don’t check mount file systems for sufficient disk space before installing
this package.
--ignorearch
Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the binary
package and host don’t match.
--ignoreos
Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of the binary
package and host don’t match.
--includedocs
Install documentation files. This is the default behavior.
--justdb
Update only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodigest
Don’t verify package or header digests when reading.
--nosignature
Don’t verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nodeps
Don’t do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.
--nosuggest
Don’t suggest package(s) that provide a missing dependency.
--noorder
Don’t reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages would nor-
mally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.
--noscripts
--nopre
--nopost
--nopreun
--nopostun
Don’t execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option is
equivalent to
--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post, %preun, and
%postun scriptlet(s).
--notriggers
--notriggerin
--notriggerun
--notriggerpostun
Don’t execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers
option is equivalent to
--notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerin, %triggerun, and
%triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
--oldpackage
Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.
--percent
Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package archive. This is
intended to make rpm easy to run from other tools.
--prefix NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with
the installation prefix in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.
--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with
OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH. This option can be
used repeatedly if several OLDPATH’s in the package are to be relocated.
--repackage
Re-package the files before erasing. The previously installed package will
be named according to the macro %_repackage_name_fmt and will be created in
the directory named by the macro %_repackage_dir (default value is
/var/spool/repackage).
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already
installed, packages.
--replacepkgs
Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this sys-
tem.
--test Do not install the package, simply check for and report potential conflicts.
ERASE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm erase command is
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--repack-
age] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
The following options may also be used:
--allmatches
Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME. Normally an
error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME matches multiple packages.
--nodeps
Don’t check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.
--noscripts
--nopreun
--nopostun
Don’t execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option during
package erase is equivalent to
--nopreun --nopostun
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and %postun script-
let(s).
--notriggers
--notriggerun
--notriggerpostun
Don’t execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers
option is equivalent to
--notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and %triggerpostun
scriptlet(s).
--repackage
Re-package the files before erasing. The previously installed package will
be named according to the macro %_repackage_name_fmt and will be created in
the directory named by the macro %_repackage_dir (default value is
/var/spool/repackage).
--test Don’t really uninstall anything, just go through the motions. Useful in
conjunction with the -vv option for debugging.
QUERY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm query command is
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
You may specify the format that package information should be printed in. To do
this, you use the
--qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT
option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string. Query formats are modified ver-
sions of the standard printf(3) formatting. The format is made up of static strings
(which may include standard C character escapes for newlines, tabs, and other spe-
cial characters) and printf(3) type formatters. As rpm already knows the type to
print, the type specifier must be omitted however, and replaced by the name of the
header tag to be printed, enclosed by {} characters. Tag names are case insensi-
tive, and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be omitted as well.
Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag with :typetag. Cur-
rently, the following types are supported:
:armor Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.
:base64
Encode binary data using base64.
:date Use strftime(3) "%c" format.
:day Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.
:depflags
Format dependency flags.
:fflags
Format file flags.
:hex Format in hexadecimal.
:octal Format in octal.
:perms Format file permissions.
:shescape
Escape single quotes for use in a script.
:triggertype
Display trigger suffix.
For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you could use %{NAME}
as the format string. To print the packages name and distribution information in
two columns, you could use %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}. rpm will print a list of all
of the tags it knows about when it is invoked with the --querytags argument.
There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and information
selection.
PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
PACKAGE_NAME
Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.
-a, --all
Query all installed packages.
-f, --file FILE
Query package owning FILE.
--fileid MD5
Query package that contains a given file identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest of
the file contents.
-g, --group GROUP
Query packages with the group of GROUP.
--hdrid SHA1
Query package that contains a given header identifier, i.e. the SHA1 digest
of the immutable header region.
-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE. The PACKAGE_FILE may be speci-
fied as an ftp or http style URL, in which case the package header will be
downloaded and queried. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm’s
internal ftp and http client support. The PACKAGE_FILE argument(s), if not a
binary package, will be interpreted as an ASCII package manifest. Comments
are permitted, starting with a ’#’, and each line of a package manifest file
may include white space separated glob expressions, including URL’s with
remote glob expressions, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted
in place of the package manifest as additional PACKAGE_FILE arguments to the
query.
--pkgid MD5
Query package that contains a given package identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest
of the combined header and payload contents.
--querybynumber HDRNUM
Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful only for debug-
ging.
--specfile SPECFILE
Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package. Although not all the
information (e.g. file lists) is available, this type of query permits rpm
to be used to extract information from spec files without having to write a
specfile parser.
--tid TID
Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier. A unix time
stamp is currently used as a transaction identifier. All package(s)
installed or erased within a single transaction have a common identifier.
--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.
--whatprovides CAPABILITY
Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.
--whatrequires CAPABILITY
Query all packages that requires CAPABILITY for proper functioning.
PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
--changelog
Display change information for the package.
-c, --configfiles
List only configuration files (implies -l).
-d, --docfiles
List only documentation files (implies -l).
--dump Dump file information as follows:
path size mtime md5sum mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink
This option must be used with at least one of -l, -c, -d.
--filesbypkg
List all the files in each selected package.
-i, --info
Display package information, including name, version, and description. This
uses the --queryformat if one was specified.
--last Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest packages are
at the top.
-l, --list
List files in package.
--provides
List capabilities this package provides.
-R, --requires
List packages on which this package depends.
--scripts
List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the instal-
lation and uninstallation processes.
-s, --state
Display the states of files in the package (implies -l). The state of each
file is one of normal, not installed, or replaced.
--triggers, --triggerscripts
Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the package.
VERIFY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm verify command is
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in the package
with information about the files taken from the package metadata stored in the rpm
database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5 sum, permissions,
type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are displayed. Files that
were not installed from the package, for example, documentation files excluded on
installation using the "--excludedocs" option, will be silently ignored.
The package selection options are the same as for package querying (including pack-
age manifest files as arguments). Other options unique to verify mode are:
--nodeps
Don’t verify dependencies of packages.
--nodigest
Don’t verify package or header digests when reading.
--nofiles
Don’t verify any attributes of package files.
--noscripts
Don’t execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).
--nosignature
Don’t verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nolinkto
--nomd5
--nosize
--nouser
--nogroup
--nomtime
--nomode
--nordev
Don’t verify the corresponding file attribute.
The format of the output is a string of 8 characters, a possible attribute marker:
c %config configuration file.
d %doc documentation file.
g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
l %license license file.
r %readme readme file.
from the package header, followed by the file name. Each of the 8 characters
denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s) of the file to the value of
those attribute(s) recorded in the database. A single "." (period) means the test
passed, while a single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could not be per-
formed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading). Otherwise, the (mnemonically
emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corresponding --verify test:
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 MD5 sum differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs
DIGITAL SIGNATURE AND DIGEST VERIFICATION
The general forms of rpm digital signature commands are
rpm --import PUBKEY ...
rpm {--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
PACKAGE_FILE ...
The --checksig option checks all the digests and signatures contained in PACK-
AGE_FILE to ensure the integrity and origin of the package. Note that signatures
are now verified whenever a package is read, and --checksig is useful to verify all
of the digests and signatures associated with a package.
Digital signatures cannot be verified without a public key. An ASCII armored pub-
lic key can be added to the rpm database using --import. An imported public key is
carried in a header, and key ring management is performed exactly like package man-
agement. For example, all currently imported public keys can be displayed by:
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*
Details about a specific public key, when imported, can be displayed by querying.
Here’s information about the Red Hat GPG/DSA key:
rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-db42a60e
Finally, public keys can be erased after importing just like packages. Here’s how
to remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key
rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e
SIGNING A PACKAGE
rpm --addsign|--resign PACKAGE_FILE ...
Both of the --addsign and --resign options generate and insert new signatures for
each package PACKAGE_FILE given, replacing any existing signatures. There are two
options for historical reasons, there is no difference in behavior currently.
USING GPG TO SIGN PACKAGES
In order to sign packages using GPG, rpm must be configured to run GPG and be able
to find a key ring with the appropriate keys. By default, rpm uses the same conven-
tions as GPG to find key rings, namely the $GNUPGHOME environment variable. If
your key rings are not located where GPG expects them to be, you will need to con-
figure the macro %_gpg_path to be the location of the GPG key rings to use.
For compatibility with older versions of GPG, PGP, and rpm, only V3 OpenPGP signa-
ture packets should be configured. Either DSA or RSA verification algorithms can
be used, but DSA is preferred.
If you want to be able to sign packages you create yourself, you also need to cre-
ate your own public and secret key pair (see the GPG manual). You will also need to
configure the rpm macros
%_signature
The signature type. Right now only gpg and pgp are supported.
%_gpg_name
The name of the "user" whose key you wish to use to sign your packages.
For example, to be able to use GPG to sign packages as the user "John Doe
<jdoe AT foo.com>" from the key rings located in /etc/rpm/.gpg using the executable
/usr/bin/gpg you would include
%_signature gpg
%_gpg_path /etc/rpm/.gpg
%_gpg_name John Doe <jdoe AT foo.com>
%_gpgbin /usr/bin/gpg
in a macro configuration file. Use /etc/rpm/macros for per-system configuration and
~/.rpmmacros for per-user configuration.
REBUILD DATABASE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm rebuild database command is
rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb} [-v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]
Use --initdb to create a new database, use --rebuilddb to rebuild the database
indices from the installed package headers.
SHOWRC
The command
rpm --showrc
shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are currently set in rpmrc and
macros configuration file(s).
FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be queried or
installed from the internet. Package files for install, upgrade, and query opera-
tions may be specified as an ftp or http style URL:
ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm
If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for (once per
user/hostname pair). If both the user and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is
used. In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers are performed.
rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:
--ftpproxy HOST
The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all ftp transfers, which
allows users to ftp through firewall machines which use proxy systems. This
option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpproxy.
--ftpport PORT
The TCP PORT number to use for the ftp connection on the proxy ftp server
instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configur-
ing the macro %_ftpport.
rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:
--httpproxy HOST
The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http transfers. This
option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpproxy.
--httpport PORT
The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the proxy http server
instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configur-
ing the macro %_httpport.
LEGACY ISSUES
Executing rpmbuild
The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild executable.
Although legacy compatibility provided by the popt aliases below has been adequate,
the compatibility is not perfect; hence build mode compatibility through popt
aliases is being removed from rpm. Install the rpmbuild package, and see rpm-
build(8) for documentation of all the rpm build modes previously documented here in
rpm(8).
Add the following lines to /etc/popt if you wish to continue invoking rpmbuild from
the rpm command line:
rpm exec --bp rpmb -bp
rpm exec --bc rpmb -bc
rpm exec --bi rpmb -bi
rpm exec --bl rpmb -bl
rpm exec --ba rpmb -ba
rpm exec --bb rpmb -bb
rpm exec --bs rpmb -bs
rpm exec --tp rpmb -tp
rpm exec --tc rpmb -tc
rpm exec --ti rpmb -ti
rpm exec --tl rpmb -tl
rpm exec --ta rpmb -ta
rpm exec --tb rpmb -tb
rpm exec --ts rpmb -ts
rpm exec --rebuild rpmb --rebuild
rpm exec --recompile rpmb --recompile
rpm exec --clean rpmb --clean
rpm exec --rmsource rpmb --rmsource
rpm exec --rmspec rpmb --rmspec
rpm exec --target rpmb --target
rpm exec --short-circuit rpmb --short-circuit
FILES
rpmrc Configuration
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc
/etc/rpmrc
~/.rpmrc
Macro Configuration
/usr/lib/rpm/macros
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros
/etc/rpm/macros
~/.rpmmacros
Database
/var/lib/rpm/Basenames
/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
/var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
/var/lib/rpm/Filemd5s
/var/lib/rpm/Group
/var/lib/rpm/Installtid
/var/lib/rpm/Name
/var/lib/rpm/Packages
/var/lib/rpm/Providename
/var/lib/rpm/Provideversion
/var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys
/var/lib/rpm/Removed
/var/lib/rpm/Requirename
/var/lib/rpm/Requireversion
/var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
/var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
/var/lib/rpm/Triggername
Temporary
/var/tmp/rpm*
SEE ALSO
popt(3),
rpm2cpio(8),
rpmbuild(8),
http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>
AUTHORS
Marc Ewing <marc AT redhat.com>
Jeff Johnson <jbj AT redhat.com>
Erik Troan <ewt AT redhat.com>
Red Hat, Inc. 09 June 2002 RPM(8)
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