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PERLHPUX(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLHPUX(1)
NAME
README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems
DESCRIPTION
This document describes various features of HP’s Unix operating system (HP-UX) that
will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is compiled and/or runs.
Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
As of application release September 2001, HP-UX 11.00 is shipped with perl-5.6.1 in
/opt/perl. The first occurrence is on CD 5012-7954 and can be installed using
swinstall -s /cdrom perl
assuming you have mounted that CD on /cdrom. In this version the following modules
are installed:
ActivePerl::DocTools-0.04 HTML::Parser-3.19 XML::DOM-1.25
Archive::Tar-0.072 HTML::Tagset-3.03 XML::Parser-2.27
Compress::Zlib-1.08 MIME::Base64-2.11 XML::Simple-1.05
Convert::ASN1-0.10 Net-1.07 XML::XPath-1.09
Digest::MD5-2.11 PPM-2.1.5 XML::XSLT-0.32
File::CounterFile-0.12 SOAP::Lite-0.46 libwww-perl-5.51
Font::AFM-1.18 Storable-1.011 libxml-perl-0.07
HTML-Tree-3.11 URI-1.11 perl-ldap-0.23
The build is a portable hppa-1.1 multithread build that supports large files com-
piled with gcc-2.9-hppa-991112
If you perform a new installation, then Perl will be installed automatically.
Using perl from HPâ€â€™s porting centre
HP porting centre tries very hard to keep up with customer demand and release
updates from the Open Source community. Having precompiled Perl binaries available
is obvious.
The HP porting centres are limited in what systems they are allowed to port to and
they usually choose the two most recent OS versions available. This means that at
the moment of writing, there are only HPUX-11.00 and 11-20/22 (IA64) ports avail-
able on the porting centres.
HP has asked the porting centre to move Open Source binaries from /opt to
/usr/local, so binaries produced since the start of July 2002 are located in
/usr/local.
One of HP porting centres URL’s is http://hpux.connect.org.uk/ The port currently
available is built with GNU gcc.
Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. The C compiler that ships
with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that should only be used to build new ker-
nels.
Perl can be compiled with either HP’s ANSI C compiler or with gcc. The former is
recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no difficulty, but also can take
advantage of features listed later that require the use of HP compiler-specific
command-line flags.
If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and complete, and
be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific details.
PA-RISC
HP’s current Unix systems run on its own Precision Architecture (PA-RISC) chip.
HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of chips, but any machine with
this chip in it is quite obsolete and this document will not attempt to address
issues for compiling Perl on the Motorola chipset.
The most recent version of PA-RISC at the time of this document’s last update is
2.0.
A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file
/usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models. The first column corresponds to the last part of the
output of the "model" command. The second column is the PA-RISC version and the
third column is the exact chip type used. (Start browsing at the bottom to prevent
confusion ;-)
# model
9000/800/L1000-44
# grep L1000-44 /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models
L1000-44 2.0 PA8500
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a PA-RISC 1.1
platform, even if they are running the same version of HP-UX. If you are building
Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that Perl to also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the
compiler flags +DAportable and +DS32 should be used.
It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either the PA-RISC
1.1 or 2.0 platforms. The command-line flags are accepted, but the resulting exe-
cutable will not run when transferred to a PA-RISC 1.0 system.
PA-RISC 1.0
The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any system with this chip.
The following systems contained PA-RISC 1.0 chips:
600, 635, 645, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, 842, 845, 850,
852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890
PA-RISC 1.1
An upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it shipped for many years in many different sys-
tem.
The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips:
705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 742, 743, 744, 745,
747, 750, 755, 770, 777, 778, 779, 800, 801, 803, 806, 807, 809, 811,
813, 816, 817, 819, 821, 826, 827, 829, 831, 837, 839, 841, 847, 849,
851, 856, 857, 859, 867, 869, 877, 887, 891, 892, 897, A180, A180C,
B115, B120, B132L, B132L+, B160L, B180L, C100, C110, C115, C120,
C160L, D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350,
D360, D410, DX0, DX5, DXO, E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30,
G40, G50, G60, G70, H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60,
I70, J200, J210, J210XC, K100, K200, K210, K220, K230, K400, K410,
K420, S700i, S715, S744, S760, T500, T520
PA-RISC 2.0
The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for 64-bit integer
data.
As of the date of this document’s last update, the following systems contain PA-
RISC 2.0 chips:
700, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 802, 804, 810, 820, 861, 871, 879, 889,
893, 895, 896, 898, 899, A400, A500, B1000, B2000, C130, C140, C160,
C180, C180+, C180-XP, C200+, C400+, C3000, C360, C3600, CB260, D270,
D280, D370, D380, D390, D650, J220, J2240, J280, J282, J400, J410,
J5000, J5500XM, J5600, J7000, J7600, K250, K260, K260-EG, K270, K360,
K370, K380, K450, K460, K460-EG, K460-XP, K470, K570, K580, L1000,
L2000, L3000, N4000, R380, R390, SD16000, SD32000, SD64000, T540,
T600, V2000, V2200, V2250, V2500, V2600
Just before HP took over Compaq, some systems were renamed. the link that contained
the explanation is dead, so here’s a short summary:
HP 9000 A-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp2400 series.
HP 9000 L-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp5400 series.
HP 9000 N-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp7400.
rp2400, rp2405, rp2430, rp2450, rp2470, rp3410, rp3440, rp4440,
rp5400, rp5405, rp5430, rp5450, rp5470, rp7400, rp7405, rp7410,
rp7420, rp8400, rp8420, Superdome
The current naming convention is:
aadddd
││││‘+- 00 - 99 relative capacity & newness (upgrades, etc.)
│││‘--- unique number for each architecture to ensure different
│││ systems do not have the same numbering across
│││ architectures
││‘---- 1 - 9 identifies family and/or relative positioning
││
│‘----- c = ia32 (cisc)
│ p = pa-risc
│ x = ia-64 (Itanium & Itanium 2)
│ h = housing
‘------ t = tower
r = rack optimized
s = super scalable
b = blade
sa = appliance
Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
HP-UX also runs on the new Itanium processor. This requires the use of a different
version of HP-UX (currently 11.23 or 11i v1.6), and with the exception of a few
differences detailed below and in later sections, Perl should compile with no prob-
lems.
Although PA-RISC binaries can run on Itanium systems, you should not attempt to use
a PA-RISC version of Perl on an Itanium system. This is because shared libraries
created on an Itanium system cannot be loaded while running a PA-RISC executable.
Itanium & Itanium 2
HP also ships servers with the 128-bit Itanium processor(s). As of the date of this
document’s last update, the following systems contain Itanium or Itanium 2 chips
(this is very likely to be out of date):
rx1600, rx2600, rx2600hptc, rx4610, rx4640, rx5670, rx7620, rx8620,
rx9610
To see all about your machine, type
# model
ia64 hp server rx2600
# /usr/contrib/bin/machinfo
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared libraries). Shared libraries
end with the suffix .sl. On Itanium systems, they end with the suffix .so.
Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC version are not
usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by default. However, this
backwards compatibility may be enabled using the same +DAportable compiler flag
(with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat mentioned above).
Shared libraries created on an Itanium platform cannot be loaded on a PA-RISC plat-
form. Shared libraries created on a PA-RISC platform can only be loaded on an Ita-
nium platform if it is a PA-RISC executable that is attempting to load the PA-RISC
library. A PA-RISC shared library cannot be loaded into an Itanium executable nor
vice-versa.
To create a shared library, the following steps must be performed:
1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module
which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will
tell you in the next step if +Z was needed.
(For gcc, the appropriate flag is -fpic or -fPIC.)
2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls
any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must
be included on this line.
(Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by the extension’s Make-
file).
If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared library creation time, you
will get fatal "Unresolved symbol" errors at run time when the library is loaded.
You may create a shared library that refers to another library, which may be either
an archive library or a shared library. If this second library is a shared
library, this is called a "dependent library". The dependent library’s name is
recorded in the main shared library, but it is not linked into the shared library.
Instead, it is loaded when the main shared library is loaded. This can cause prob-
lems if you build an extension on one system and move it to another system where
the libraries may not be located in the same place as on the first system.
If the referred library is an archive library, then it is treated as a simple col-
lection of .o modules (all of which must contain PIC). These modules are then
linked into the shared library.
Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent library that is
already linked into perl.
Some extensions, like DB_File and Compress::Zlib use/require prebuilt libraries for
the perl extensions/modules to work. If these libraries are built using the default
configuration, it might happen that you run into an error like "invalid loader
fixup" during load phase. HP is aware of this problem. Search the HP-UX cxx-dev
forums for discussions about the subject. The short answer is that everything (all
libraries, everything) must be compiled with "+z" or "+Z" to be PIC (position inde-
pendent code). (For gcc, that would be "-fpic" or "-fPIC"). In HP-UX 11.00 or
newer the linker error message should tell the name of the offending object file.
A more general approach is to intervene manually, as with an example for the
DB_File module, which requires SleepyCat’s libdb.sl:
# cd .../db-3.2.9/build_unix
# vi Makefile
... add +Z to all cflags to create shared objects
CFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \
-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6
CXXFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \
-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6
# make clean
# make
# mkdir tmp
# cd tmp
# ar x ../libdb.a
# ld -b -o libdb-3.2.sl *.o
# mv libdb-3.2.sl /usr/local/lib
# rm *.o
# cd /usr/local/lib
# rm -f libdb.sl
# ln -s libdb-3.2.sl libdb.sl
# cd .../DB_File-1.76
# make distclean
# perl Makefile.PL
# make
# make test
# make install
As of db-4.2.x it is no longer needed to do this by hand. Sleepycat has changed the
configuration process to add +z on HP-UX automatically.
# cd .../db-4.2.25/build_unix
# env CFLAGS=+DA2.0w LDFLAGS=+DA2.0w ../dist/configure
should work to generate 64bit shared libraries for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i.
It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries (even though the com-
mand-line flags are still present).
PA-RISC and Itanium object files are not interchangeable. Although you may be able
to use ar to create an archive library of PA-RISC object files on an Itanium sys-
tem, you cannot link against it using an Itanium link editor.
The HP ANSI C Compiler
When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that the flag -Aa is
added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the config.sh file (though see the
section on 64-bit perl below). If you are using a recent version of the Perl dis-
tribution, these flags are set automatically.
The GNU C Compiler
When you are going to use the GNU C compiler (gcc), and you don’t have gcc yet, you
can either build it yourself from the sources (available from e.g.
http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/software/gcc/releases.html) or fetch a prebuilt binary
from the HP porting center. There are two places where gcc prebuilds can be
fetched; the first and best (for HP-UX 11 only) is
http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechSoftwareDetail-
Page_IDX/1,1703,547,00.html the second is http://hpux.cs.utah.edu/hppd/hpux/Gnu/
where you can also find the GNU binutils package. (Browse through the list, because
there are often multiple versions of the same package available).
Above mentioned distributions are depots. H.Merijn Brand has made prebuilt gcc
binaries available on http://mirrors.develooper.com/hpux/ and/or
http://www.cmve.net/~merijn/ for HP-UX 10.20, HP-UX 11.00, and HP-UX 11.11 (HP-UX
11i) in both 32- and 64-bit versions. These are bzipped tar archives that also
include recent GNU binutils and GNU gdb. Read the instructions on that page to
rebuild gcc using itself.
On PA-RISC you need a different compiler for 32-bit applications and for 64-bit
applications. On PA-RISC, 32-bit objects and 64-bit objects do not mix. period.
There is no different behaviour for HP C-ANSI-C or GNU gcc. So if you require your
perl binary to use 64-bit libraries, like Oracle-64bit, you MUST build a 64-bit
perl.
Building a 64-bit capable gcc on PA-RISC from source is possible only when you have
the HP C-ANSI C compiler or an already working 64-bit binary of gcc available. Best
performance for perl is achieved with HP’s native compiler.
Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31 bytes) may be cre-
ated and manipulated. Three separate methods of doing this are available. Of
these methods, the best method for Perl is to compile using the -Duselargefiles
flag to Configure. This causes Perl to be compiled using structures and functions
in which these are 64 bits wide, rather than 32 bits wide. (Note that this will
only work with HP’s ANSI C compiler. If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you
will have to get a version of the compiler that supports 64-bit operations. See
above for where to find it.)
There are some drawbacks to this approach. One is that any extension which calls
any file-manipulating C function will need to be recompiled (just follow the usual
"perl Makefile.PL; make; make test; make install" procedure).
The list of functions that will need to recompiled is: creat, fget-
pos, fopen, freopen, fsetpos, fstat, fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate,
ftw, lockf, lseek, lstat, mmap, nftw,
open, prealloc, stat, statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile, truncate, getr-
limit, setrlimit
Another drawback is only valid for Perl versions before 5.6.0. This drawback is
that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version and POSIX module ver-
sion) will not perform correctly.
It is strongly recommended that you use this flag when you run Configure. If you
do not do this, but later answer the question about large files when Configure asks
you, you may get a configuration that cannot be compiled, or that does not function
as expected.
Threaded Perl on HP-UX
It is possible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of HP-UX before
10.30, but it is strongly suggested that you be running on HP-UX 11.00 at least.
To compile Perl with threads, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of Configure. Ver-
ify that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is automatically added to the
list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread is listed before -lc in the list of
libraries to link Perl with. The hints provided for HP-UX during Configure will try
very hard to get this right for you.
HP-UX versions before 10.30 require a separate installation of a POSIX threads
library package. Two examples are the HP DCE package, available on "HP-UX Hardware
Extensions 3.0, Install and Core OS, Release 10.20, April 1999 (B3920-13941)" or
the Freely available PTH package, available though worldwide HP-UX mirrors of pre-
compiled packages (e.g. http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/hppd/hpux/)
If you are going to use the HP DCE package, the library used for threading is
/usr/lib/libcma.sl, but there have been multiple updates of that library over time.
Perl will build with the first version, but it will not pass the test suite. Older
Oracle versions might be a compelling reason not to update that library, otherwise
please find a newer version in one of the following patches: PHSS_19739,
PHSS_20608, or PHSS_23672
reformatted output:
d3:/usr/lib 106 > what libcma-*.1
libcma-00000.1:
HP DCE/9000 1.5 Module: libcma.sl (Export)
Date: Apr 29 1996 22:11:24
libcma-19739.1:
HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_19739-40 Module: libcma.sl (Export)
Date: Sep 4 1999 01:59:07
libcma-20608.1:
HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_20608 Module: libcma.1 (Export)
Date: Dec 8 1999 18:41:23
libcma-23672.1:
HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_23672 Module: libcma.1 (Export)
Date: Apr 9 2001 10:01:06
d3:/usr/lib 107 >
64-bit Perl on HP-UX
Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take advantage of the
LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and Pointers are 64 bits wide).
Work is being performed on Perl to make it 64-bit compliant on all versions of
Unix. Once this is complete, scalar variables will be able to hold numbers larger
than 2^32 with complete precision.
As of the date of this document, Perl is fully 64-bit compliant on HP-UX 11.00 and
up for both cc- and gcc builds. If you are about to build a 64-bit perl with GNU
gcc, please read the gcc section carefully.
Should a user wish to experiment with compiling Perl in the LP64 environment, use
the -Duse64bitall flag to Configure. This will force Perl to be compiled in a pure
LP64 environment (with the +DD64 flag for HP C-ANSI-C, with no additional options
for GNU gcc 64-bit on PA-RISC, and with -mlp64 for GNU gcc on Itanium). If you
want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a version of the compiler that
supports 64-bit operations.)
You can also use the -Duse64bitint flag to Configure. Although there are some
minor differences between compiling Perl with this flag versus the -Duse64bitall
flag, they should not be noticeable from a Perl user’s perspective.
In both cases, it is strongly recommended that you use these flags when you run
Configure. If you do not use do this, but later answer the questions about 64-bit
numbers when Configure asks you, you may get a configuration that cannot be com-
piled, or that does not function as expected.
Oracle on HP-UX
Using perl to connect to Oracle databases through DBI and DBD::Oracle has caused a
lot of people many headaches. Read README.hpux in the DBD::Oracle for much more
information. The reason to mention it here is that Oracle requires a perl built
with libcl and libpthread, the latter even when perl is build without threads.
Building perl using all defaults, but still enabling to build DBD::Oracle later on
can be achieved using
Configure -A prepend:libswanted=’cl pthread ’ ...
Do not forget the space before the trailing quote.
Also note that this does not (yet) work with all configurations, it is known to
fail with 64-bit versions of GCC.
GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
If you attempt to compile Perl with threads on an 11.X system and also link in the
GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump when it starts up. The only
workaround at this point is to relink the GDBM library under 11.X, then relink it
into Perl.
NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test io/fs.t
may fail on test #18. This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no fix is currently
available.
perl -P and // and HP-UX
If HP-UX Perl is compiled with flags that will cause problems if the -P flag of
Perl (preprocess Perl code with the C preprocessor before perl sees it) is used.
The problem is that "//", being a C++-style until-end-of-line comment, will disap-
pear along with the remainder of the line. This means that common Perl constructs
like
s/foo//;
will turn into illegal code
s/foo
The workaround is to use some other quoting separator than "/", like for example
"!":
s!foo!!;
HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
By default, HP-UX comes configured with a maximum data segment size of 64MB. This
is too small to correctly compile Perl with the maximum optimization levels. You
can increase the size of the maxdsiz kernel parameter through the use of SAM.
When using the GUI version of SAM, click on the Kernel Configuration icon, then the
Configurable Parameters icon. Scroll down and select the maxdsiz line. From the
Actions menu, select the Modify Configurable Parameter item. Insert the new for-
mula into the Formula/Value box. Then follow the instructions to rebuild your ker-
nel and reboot your system.
In general, a value of 256MB (or "256*1024*1024") is sufficient for Perl to compile
at maximum optimization.
nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
You may get a bus error core dump from the op/pwent or op/grent tests. If compiled
with -g you will see a stack trace much like the following:
#0 0xc004216c in () from /usr/lib/libc.2
#1 0xc00d7550 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2
#2 0xc00d7768 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2
#3 0xc00d78a8 in nss_delete () from /usr/lib/libc.2
#4 0xc01126d8 in endpwent () from /usr/lib/libc.2
#5 0xd1950 in Perl_pp_epwent () from ./perl
#6 0x94d3c in Perl_runops_standard () from ./perl
#7 0x23728 in S_run_body () from ./perl
#8 0x23428 in perl_run () from ./perl
#9 0x2005c in main () from ./perl
The key here is the "nss_delete" call. One workaround for this bug seems to be to
create add to the file /etc/nsswitch.conf (at least) the following lines
group: files
passwd: files
Whether you are using NIS does not matter. Amazingly enough, the same bug also
affects Solaris.
AUTHOR
Jeff Okamoto <okamoto AT corp.com> H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand AT hccnet.nl>
With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc Sabatella.
DATE
Version 0.7.1: 2004-10-08
perl v5.8.6 2004-11-05 PERLHPUX(1)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2008-08-30 04:24 @38.103.63.61 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)