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Under GNU General Public License
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LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
NAME
lesskey - specify key bindings for less
SYNOPSIS
lesskey [-o output] [--] [input]
lesskey [--output=output] [--] [input]
lesskey -V
lesskey --version
DESCRIPTION
Lesskey is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used by less. The input
file is a text file which describes the key bindings, If the input file is "-",
standard input is read. If no input file is specified, a standard filename is used
as the name of the input file, which depends on the system being used: On Unix sys-
tems, $HOME/.lesskey is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_lesskey is used; and on
OS/2 systems $HOME/lesskey.ini is used, or $INIT/lesskey.ini if $HOME is undefined.
The output file is a binary file which is used by less. If no output file is spec-
ified, and the environment variable LESSKEY is set, the value of LESSKEY is used as
the name of the output file. Otherwise, a standard filename is used as the name of
the output file, which depends on the system being used: On Unix and OS-9 systems,
$HOME/.less is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_less is used; and on OS/2 systems,
$HOME/less.ini is used, or $INIT/less.ini if $HOME is undefined. If the output
file already exists, lesskey will overwrite it.
The -V or --version option causes lesskey to print its version number and immedi-
ately exit. If -V or --version is present, other options and arguments are
ignored.
The input file consists of one or more sections. Each section starts with a line
that identifies the type of section. Possible sections are:
#command
Defines new command keys.
#line-edit
Defines new line-editing keys.
#env Defines environment variables.
Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are ignored, except for the
special section header lines.
COMMAND SECTION
The command section begins with the line
#command
If the command section is the first section in the file, this line may be omitted.
The command section consists of lines of the form:
string <whitespace> action [extra-string] <newline>
Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. The string is the
command key(s) which invoke the action. The string may be a single command key, or
a sequence of up to 15 keys. The action is the name of the less action, from the
list below. The characters in the string may appear literally, or be prefixed by a
caret to indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to three octal digits
may be used to specify a character by its octal value. A backslash followed by
certain characters specifies input characters as follows:
\b BACKSPACE
\e ESCAPE
\n NEWLINE
\r RETURN
\t TAB
\ku UP ARROW
\kd DOWN ARROW
\kr RIGHT ARROW
\kl LEFT ARROW
\kU PAGE UP
\kD PAGE DOWN
\kh HOME
\ke END
\kx DELETE
A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be taken
literally. Characters which must be preceded by backslash include caret, space,
tab and the backslash itself.
An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such a command is entered
while running less, the action is performed, and then the extra string is parsed,
just as if it were typed in to less. This feature can be used in certain cases to
extend the functionality of a command. For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands
in the example below. The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit"
action: when less quits, first character of the extra string is used as its exit
status.
EXAMPLE
The following input file describes the set of default command keys used by less:
#command
\r forw-line
\n forw-line
e forw-line
j forw-line
\kd forw-line
^E forw-line
^N forw-line
k back-line
y back-line
^Y back-line
^K back-line
^P back-line
J forw-line-force
K back-line-force
Y back-line-force
d forw-scroll
^D forw-scroll
u back-scroll
^U back-scroll
\40 forw-screen
f forw-screen
^F forw-screen
^V forw-screen
\kD forw-screen
b back-screen
^B back-screen
\ev back-screen
\kU back-screen
z forw-window
w back-window
\e\40 forw-screen-force
F forw-forever
R repaint-flush
r repaint
^R repaint
^L repaint
\eu undo-hilite
g goto-line
\kh goto-line
< goto-line
\e< goto-line
p percent
% percent
\e[ left-scroll
\e] right-scroll
\e( left-scroll
\e) right-scroll
{ forw-bracket {}
} back-bracket {}
( forw-bracket ()
) back-bracket ()
[ forw-bracket []
] back-bracket []
\e^F forw-bracket
\e^B back-bracket
G goto-end
\e> goto-end
> goto-end
\ke goto-end
= status
^G status
:f status
/ forw-search
? back-search
\e/ forw-search *
\e? back-search *
n repeat-search
\en repeat-search-all
N reverse-search
\eN reverse-search-all
m set-mark
’ goto-mark
^X^X goto-mark
E examine
:e examine
^X^V examine
:n next-file
:p prev-file
t next-tag
T prev-tag
:x index-file
:d remove-file
- toggle-option
:t toggle-option t
s toggle-option o
_ display-option
| pipe
v visual
! shell
+ firstcmd
H help
h help
V version
0 digit
1 digit
2 digit
3 digit
4 digit
5 digit
6 digit
7 digit
8 digit
9 digit
q quit
Q quit
:q quit
:Q quit
ZZ quit
PRECEDENCE
Commands specified by lesskey take precedence over the default commands. A default
command key may be disabled by including it in the input file with the action
"invalid". Alternatively, a key may be defined to do nothing by using the action
"noaction". "noaction" is similar to "invalid", but less will give an error beep
for an "invalid" command, but not for a "noaction" command. In addition, ALL
default commands may be disabled by adding this control line to the input file:
#stop
This will cause all default commands to be ignored. The #stop line should be the
last line in that section of the file.
Be aware that #stop can be dangerous. Since all default commands are disabled, you
must provide sufficient commands before the #stop line to enable all necessary
actions. For example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to frustration.
LINE EDITING SECTION
The line-editing section begins with the line:
#line-edit
This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing commands, in a manner
similar to the way key bindings for ordinary commands are specified in the #command
section. The line-editing section consists of a list of keys and actions, one per
line as in the example below.
EXAMPLE
The following input file describes the set of default line-editing keys used by
less:
#line-edit
\t forw-complete
\17 back-complete
\e\t back-complete
^L expand
^V literal
^A literal
\el right
\kr right
\eh left
\kl left
\eb word-left
\e\kl word-left
\ew word-right
\e\kr word-right
\ei insert
\ex delete
\kx delete
\eX word-delete
\ekx word-delete
\e\b word-backspace
\e0 home
\kh home
\e$ end
\ke end
\ek up
\ku up
\ej down
LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The environment variable section begins with the line
#env
Following this line is a list of environment variable assignments. Each line con-
sists of an environment variable name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be
assigned to the environment variable. White space before and after the equals sign
is ignored. Variables assigned in this way are visible only to less. If a vari-
able is specified in the system environment and also in a lesskey file, the value
in the lesskey file takes precedence. Although the lesskey file can be used to
override variables set in the environment, the main purpose of assigning variables
in the lesskey file is simply to have all less configuration information stored in
one file.
EXAMPLE
The following input file sets the -i option whenever less is run, and specifies the
character set to be "latin1":
#env
LESS = -i
LESSCHARSET = latin1
SEE ALSO
less(1)
WARNINGS
It is not possible to specify special keys, such as uparrow, in a keyboard-indepen-
dent manner. The only way to specify such keys is to specify the escape sequence
which a particular keyboard sends when such a key is pressed.
On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of characters which start
with a NUL character (0). This NUL character should be represented as \340 in a
lesskey file.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2004 Mark Nudelman
lesskey is part of the GNU project and is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later ver-
sion.
lesskey is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WAR-
RANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PAR-
TICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
lesskey; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59
Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
AUTHOR
Mark Nudelman <markn AT greenwoodsoftware.com>
Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less AT gnu.org.
Version 394: 03 Dec 2005 LESSKEY(1)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2009-01-09 06:31 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)