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KEYMAPS(5) KEYMAPS(5)
NAME
keymaps - keyboard table descriptions for loadkeys and dumpkeys
DESCRIPTION
These files are used by loadkeys(1) to modify the translation tables used by the
kernel keyboard driver and generated by dumpkeys(1) from those translation tables.
The format of these files is vaguely similar to the one accepted by xmodmap(1).
The file consists of charset or key or string definition lines interspersed with
comments.
Comments are introduced with ! or # characters and continue to the end of the
line. Anything following one of these characters on that line is ignored. Note that
comments need not begin from column one as with xmodmap(1).
The syntax of keymap files is line oriented; a complete definition must fit on a
single logical line. Logical lines can, however, be split into multiple physical
lines by ending each subline with the backslash character (\).
INCLUDE FILES
A keymap can include other keymaps using the syntax
include "pathname"
CHARSET DEFINITIONS
A character set definition line is of the form:
charset "iso-8859-x"
It defines how following keysyms are to be interpreted. For example, in iso-8859-1
the symbol mu (or micro) has code 0265, while in iso-8859-7 the letter mu has code
0354.
COMPLETE KEYCODE DEFINITIONS
Each complete key definition line is of the form:
keycode keynumber = keysym keysym keysym...
keynumber is the internal identification number of the key, roughly equivalent to
the scan code of it. keynumber can be given in decimal, octal or hexadecimal nota-
tion. Octal is denoted by a leading zero and hexadecimal by the prefix 0x.
Each of the keysyms represent keyboard actions, of which up to 256 can be bound to
a single key. The actions available include outputting character codes or character
sequences, switching consoles or keymaps, booting the machine etc. (The complete
list can be obtained from dumpkeys(1) by saying dumpkeys -l .)
Each keysym may be prefixed by a ’+’ (plus sign), in wich case this keysym is
treated as a "letter" and therefore affected by the "CapsLock" the same way as by
"Shift" (to be correct, the CapsLock inverts the Shift state). The ASCII letters
(’a’-’z’ and ’A’-’Z’) are made CapsLock’able by default. If Shift+CapsLock should
not produce a lower case symbol, put lines like
keycode 30 = +a A
in the map file.
Which of the actions bound to a given key is taken when it is pressed depends on
what modifiers are in effect at that moment. The keyboard driver supports 8 modi-
fiers. These modifiers are labeled (completely arbitrarily) Shift, AltGr, Control,
Alt, ShiftL, ShiftR, CtrlL and CtrlR. Each of these modifiers has an associated
weight of power of two according to the following table:
modifier weight
Shift 1
AltGr 2
Control 4
Alt 8
ShiftL 16
ShiftR 32
CtrlL 64
CtrlR 128
The effective action of a key is found out by adding up the weights of all the mod-
ifiers in effect. By default, no modifiers are in effect, so action number zero,
i.e. the one in the first column in a key definition line, is taken when the key is
pressed or released. When e.g. Shift and Alt modifiers are in effect, action number
nine (from the 10th column) is the effective one.
Changing the state of what modifiers are in effect can be achieved by binding
appropriate key actions to desired keys. For example, binding the symbol Shift to a
key sets the Shift modifier in effect when that key is pressed and cancels the
effect of that modifier when the key is released. Binding AltGr_Lock to a key sets
AltGr in effect when the key is pressed and cancels the effect when the key is
pressed again. (By default Shift, AltGr, Control and Alt are bound to the keys
that bear a similar label; AltGr may denote the right Alt key.)
Note that you should be very careful when binding the modifier keys, otherwise you
can end up with an unusable keyboard mapping. If you for example define a key to
have Control in its first column and leave the rest of the columns to be VoidSym-
bols, you’re in trouble. This is because pressing the key puts Control modifier in
effect and the following actions are looked up from the fifth column (see the table
above). So, when you release the key, the action from the fifth column is taken. It
has VoidSymbol in it, so nothing happens. This means that the Control modifier is
still in effect, although you have released the key. Re-pressing and releasing the
key has no effect. To avoid this, you should always define all the columns to have
the same modifier symbol. There is a handy short-hand notation for this, see below.
keysyms can be given in decimal, octal, hexadecimal, unicode or symbolic notation.
The numeric notations use the same format as with keynumber. Unicode notation is
"U+" followed by four hexadecimal digits. The symbolic notation resembles that
used by xmodmap(1). Notable differences are the number symbols. The numeric sym-
bols ’0’, ..., ’9’ of xmodmap(1) are replaced with the corresponding words ’zero’,
’one’, ... ’nine’ to avoid confusion with the numeric notation.
It should be noted that using numeric notation for the keysyms is highly unportable
as the key action numbers may vary from one kernel version to another and the use
of numeric notations is thus strongly discouraged. They are intended to be used
only when you know there is a supported keyboard action in your kernel for which
your current version of loadkeys(1) has no symbolic name.
There is a number of short-hand notations to add readability and reduce typing work
and the probability of typing-errors.
First of all, you can give a map specification line, of the form
keymaps 0-2,4-5,8,12
to indicate that the lines of the keymap will not specify all 256 columns, but only
the indicated ones. (In the example: only the plain, Shift, AltGr, Control, Con-
trol+Shift, Alt and Control+Alt maps, that is, 7 columns instead of 256.) When no
such line is given, the keymaps 0-M will be defined, where M+1 is the maximum num-
ber of entries found in any definition line.
Next, you can leave off any trailing VoidSymbol entries from a key definition line.
VoidSymbol denotes a keyboard action which produces no output and has no other
effects either. For example, to define key number 30 to output ’a’ unshifted, ’A’
when pressed with Shift and do nothing when pressed with AltGr or other modifiers,
you can write
keycode 30 = a A
instead of the more verbose
keycode 30 = a A VoidSymbol VoidSymbol \
VoidSymbol VoidSymbol VoidSymbol ...
For added convenience, you can usually get off with still more terse definitions.
If you enter a key definition line with only and exactly one action code after the
equals sign, it has a special meaning. If the code (numeric or symbolic) is not an
ASCII letter, it means the code is implicitly replicated through all columns being
defined. If, on the other hand, the action code is an ASCII character in the range
’a’, ..., ’z’ or ’A’, ..., ’Z’ in the ASCII collating sequence, the following defi-
nitions are made for the different modifier combinations, provided these are actu-
ally being defined. (The table lists the two possible cases: either the single
action code is a lower case letter, denoted by ’x’ or an upper case letter, denoted
by ’Y’.)
modifier symbol
none x Y
Shift X y
AltGr x Y
Shift+AltGr X y
Control Control_x Control_y
Shift+Control Control_x Control_y
AltGr+Control Control_x Control_y
Shift+AltGr+Control Control_x Control_y
Alt Meta_x Meta_Y
Shift+Alt Meta_X Meta_y
AltGr+Alt Meta_x Meta_Y
Shift+AltGr+Alt Meta_X Meta_y
Control+Alt Meta_Control_x Meta_Control_y
Shift+Control+Alt Meta_Control_x Meta_Control_y
AltGr+Control+Alt Meta_Control_x Meta_Control_y
Shift+AltGr+Control+Alt Meta_Control_x Meta_Control_y
SINGLE MODIFIER DEFINITIONS
All the previous forms of key definition lines always define all the M+1 possible
modifier combinations being defined, whether the line actually contains that many
action codes or not. There is, however, a variation of the definition syntax for
defining only single actions to a particular modifier combination of a key. This is
especially useful, if you load a keymap which doesn’t match your needs in only some
modifier combinations, like AltGr+function keys. You can then make a small local
file redefining only those modifier combinations and loading it after the main
file. The syntax of this form is:
{ plain | <modifier sequence> } keycode keynumber = keysym
, e.g.,
plain keycode 14 = BackSpace
control alt keycode 83 = Boot
alt keycode 105 = Decr_Console
alt keycode 106 = Incr_Console
Using "plain" will define only the base entry of a key (i.e. the one with no modi-
fiers in effect) without affecting the bindings of other modifier combinations of
that key.
STRING DEFINITIONS
In addition to comments and key definition lines, a keymap can contain string defi-
nitions. These are used to define what each function key action code sends. The
syntax of string definitions is:
string keysym = "text"
text can contain literal characters, octal character codes in the format of back-
slash followed by up to three octal digits, and the three escape sequences \n, \\,
and \", for newline, backslash and quote, respectively.
COMPOSE DEFINITIONS
Then there may also be compose definitions. They have syntax
compose â€â€™charâ€â€™ â€â€™charâ€â€™ to â€â€™charâ€â€™
and describe how two bytes are combined to form a third one (when a dead accent or
compose key is used). This is used to get accented letters and the like on a stan-
dard keyboard.
ABBREVIATIONS
Various abbreviations can be used with kbd-0.96 and later.
strings as usual
Defines the usual values of the strings (but not the keys they are bound
to).
compose as usual for "iso-8859-1"
Defines the usual compose combinations.
To find out what keysyms there are available for use in keymaps, use the command
dumpkeys --long-info
Unfortunately, there is currently no description of what each symbol does. It has
to be guessed from the name or figured out from the kernel sources.
EXAMPLES
(Be careful to use a keymaps line, like the first line of ‘dumpkeys‘, or "keymaps
0-15" or so.)
The following entry exchanges the left Control key and the Caps Lock key on the
keyboard:
keycode 58 = Control
keycode 29 = Caps_Lock
Key number 58 is normally the Caps Lock key, and key number 29 is normally the Con-
trol key.
The following entry sets the Shift and Caps Lock keys to behave more nicely, like
in older typewriters. That is, pressing Caps Lock key once or more sets the key-
board in CapsLock state and pressing either of the Shift keys releases it.
keycode 42 = Uncaps_Shift
keycode 54 = Uncaps_Shift
keycode 58 = Caps_On
The following entry sets the layout of the edit pad in the enhanced keyboard to be
more like that in the VT200 series terminals:
keycode 102 = Insert
keycode 104 = Remove
keycode 107 = Prior
shift keycode 107 = Scroll_Backward
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 111 = Select
control alt keycode 111 = Boot
control altgr keycode 111 = Boot
Here’s an example to bind the string "du\ndf\n" to the key AltGr-D. We use the
"spare" action code F100 not normally bound to any key.
altgr keycode 32 = F100
string F100 = "du\ndf\n"
SEE ALSO
loadkeys(1), dumpkeys(1), showkey(1), xmodmap(1)
24 April 1998 KEYMAPS(5)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2009-01-09 05:39 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)