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GROPS(1) GROPS(1)
NAME
grops - PostScript driver for groff
SYNOPSIS
grops [ -glmv ] [ -bn ] [ -cn ] [ -Fdir ] [ -ppapersize ] [ -Pprologue ] [ -wn ]
[ files... ]
It is possible to have whitespace between a command line option and its parameter.
DESCRIPTION
grops translates the output of GNU troff to PostScript. Normally grops should be
invoked by using the groff command with a -Tps option. (Actually, this is the
default for groff.) If no files are given, grops will read the standard input. A
filename of - will also cause grops to read the standard input. PostScript output
is written to the standard output. When grops is run by groff options can be
passed to grops using the groff -P option.
OPTIONS
-bn Workaround broken spoolers and previewers. Normally grops produces output
that conforms the Document Structuring Conventions version 3.0. Unfortu-
nately some spoolers and previewers can’t handle such output. The value
of n controls what grops does to its output acceptable to such programs. A
value of 0 will cause grops not to employ any workarounds. Add 1 if no
%%BeginDocumentSetup and %%EndDocumentSetup comments should be generated;
this is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by any-
thing between the %%EndProlog comment and the first %%Page comment. Add 2
if lines in included files beginning with %! should be stripped out; this
is needed for Sun’s pageview previewer. Add 4 if %%Page, %%Trailer and
%%EndProlog comments should be stripped out of included files; this is
needed for spoolers that don’t understand the %%BeginDocument and %%EndDocu-
ment comments. Add 8 if the first line of the PostScript output should be
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 rather than %!PS-Adobe-3.0; this is needed when using Sun’s
Newsprint with a printer that requires page reversal. The default value can
be specified by a
broken n
command in the DESC file. Otherwise the default value is 0.
-cn Print n copies of each page.
-Fdir Prepend directory dir/devname to the search path for prologue, font, and
device description files; name is the name of the device, usually ps.
-g Guess the page length. This generates PostScript code that guesses the page
length. The guess will be correct only if the imageable area is vertically
centered on the page. This option allows you to generate documents that can
be printed both on letter (8.5×11) paper and on A4 paper without change.
-l Print the document in landscape format.
-m Turn manual feed on for the document.
-ppaper-size
Set physical dimension of output medium. This overrides the papersize and
paperlength commands in the DESC file; it accepts the same arguments as the
papersize command.
-Pprologue-file
Use the file prologue-file (in the font path) as the prologue instead of the
default prologue file prologue. This option overrides the environment vari-
able GROPS_PROLOGUE.
-wn Lines should be drawn using a thickness of n thousandths of an em. If this
option is not given, the line thickness defaults to 0.04 em.
-v Print the version number.
USAGE
There are styles called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font positions 1 to 4. The
fonts are grouped into families A, BM, C, H, HN, N, P and T having members in each
of these styles:
AR AvantGarde-Book
AI AvantGarde-BookOblique
AB AvantGarde-Demi
ABI AvantGarde-DemiOblique
BMR Bookman-Light
BMI Bookman-LightItalic
BMB Bookman-Demi
BMBI Bookman-DemiItalic
CR Courier
CI Courier-Oblique
CB Courier-Bold
CBI Courier-BoldOblique
HR Helvetica
HI Helvetica-Oblique
HB Helvetica-Bold
HBI Helvetica-BoldOblique
HNR Helvetica-Narrow
HNI Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique
HNB Helvetica-Narrow-Bold
HNBI Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique
NR NewCenturySchlbk-Roman
NI NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
NB NewCenturySchlbk-Bold
NBI NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic
PR Palatino-Roman
PI Palatino-Italic
PB Palatino-Bold
PBI Palatino-BoldItalic
TR Times-Roman
TI Times-Italic
TB Times-Bold
TBI Times-BoldItalic
There is also the following font which is not a member of a family:
ZCMI ZapfChancery-MediumItalic
There are also some special fonts called SS and S. Zapf Dingbats is available as
ZD and a reversed version of ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite
direction) is available as ZDR; most characters in these fonts are unnamed and must
be accessed using \N.
The default color for \m and \M is black; for colors defined in the ‘rgb’ color
space, setrgbcolor is used, for ‘cmy’ and ‘cmyk’ setcmykcolor, and for ‘gray’
setgray.
grops understands various X commands produced using the \X escape sequence; grops
will only interpret commands that begin with a ps: tag.
\Xâ€â€™ps: exec codeâ€â€™
This executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in code. The PostScript
currentpoint will be set to the position of the \X command before executing
code. The origin will be at the top left corner of the page, and y coordi-
nates will increase down the page. A procedure u will be defined that con-
verts groff units to the coordinate system in effect. For example,
.nr x 1i
\Xâ€â€™ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto strokeâ€â€™
will draw a horizontal line one inch long. code may make changes to the
graphics state, but any changes will persist only to the end of the page. A
dictionary containing the definitions specified by the def and mdef will be
on top of the dictionary stack. If your code adds definitions to this dic-
tionary, you should allocate space for them using \Xâ€â€™ps mdef nâ€â€™. Any defi-
nitions will persist only until the end of the page. If you use the \Y
escape sequence with an argument that names a macro, code can extend over
multiple lines. For example,
.nr x 1i
.de y
ps: exec
\nx u 0 rlineto
stroke
..
\Yy
is another way to draw a horizontal line one inch long.
\Xâ€â€™ps: file nameâ€â€™
This is the same as the exec command except that the PostScript code is read
from file name.
\Xâ€â€™ps: def codeâ€â€™
Place a PostScript definition contained in code in the prologue. There
should be at most one definition per \X command. Long definitions can be
split over several \X commands; all the code arguments are simply joined
together separated by newlines. The definitions are placed in a dictionary
which is automatically pushed on the dictionary stack when an exec command
is executed. If you use the \Y escape sequence with an argument that names
a macro, code can extend over multiple lines.
\Xâ€â€™ps: mdef n codeâ€â€™
Like def, except that code may contain up to n definitions. grops needs to
know how many definitions code contains so that it can create an
appropriately sized PostScript dictionary to contain them.
\Xâ€â€™ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]â€â€™
Import a PostScript graphic from file. The arguments llx, lly, urx, and ury
give the bounding box of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate
system; they should all be integers; llx and lly are the x and y coordinates
of the lower left corner of the graphic; urx and ury are the x and y coordi-
nates of the upper right corner of the graphic; width and height are inte-
gers that give the desired width and height in groff units of the graphic.
The graphic will be scaled so that it has this width and height and trans-
lated so that the lower left corner of the graphic is located at the posi-
tion associated with \X command. If the height argument is omitted it will
be scaled uniformly in the x and y directions so that it has the specified
width. Note that the contents of the \X command are not interpreted by
troff; so vertical space for the graphic is not automatically added, and the
width and height arguments are not allowed to have attached scaling indica-
tors. If the PostScript file complies with the Adobe Document Structuring
Conventions and contains a %%BoundingBox comment, then the bounding box can
be automatically extracted from within groff by using the psbb request.
The -mps macros (which are automatically loaded when grops is run by the
groff command) include a PSPIC macro which allows a picture to be easily
imported. This has the format
.PSPIC [-L|-R|-I n] file [width [height]]
file is the name of the file containing the illustration; width and height
give the desired width and height of the graphic. The width and height
arguments may have scaling indicators attached; the default scaling indica-
tor is i. This macro will scale the graphic uniformly in the x and y direc-
tions so that it is no more than width wide and height high. By default,
the graphic will be horizontally centered. The -L and -R cause the graphic
to be left-aligned and right-aligned respectively. The -I option causes the
graphic to be indented by n.
\Xâ€â€™ps: invisâ€â€™
\Xâ€â€™ps: endinvisâ€â€™
No output will be generated for text and drawing commands that are bracketed
with these \X commands. These commands are intended for use when output
from troff will be previewed before being processed with grops; if the pre-
viewer is unable to display certain characters or other constructs, then
other substitute characters or constructs can be used for previewing by
bracketing them with these \X commands.
For example, gxditview is not able to display a proper \(em character
because the standard X11 fonts do not provide it; this problem can be over-
come by executing the following request
.char \(em \Xâ€â€™ps: invisâ€â€™\
\Zâ€â€™\vâ€â€™-.25mâ€â€™\hâ€â€™.05mâ€â€™\Dâ€â€™l .9m 0â€â€™\hâ€â€™.05mâ€â€™â€â€™\
\Xâ€â€™ps: endinvisâ€â€™\(em
In this case, gxditview will be unable to display the \(em character and
will draw the line, whereas grops will print the \(em character and ignore
the line.
The input to grops must be in the format output by troff(1). This is described in
groff_out(5). In addition the device and font description files for the device
used must meet certain requirements. The device and font description files sup-
plied for ps device meet all these requirements. afmtodit(1) can be used to create
font files from AFM files. The resolution must be an integer multiple of 72 times
the sizescale. The ps device uses a resolution of 72000 and a sizescale of 1000.
The device description file should contain a command
paperlength n
which says that output should be generated which is suitable for printing on a page
whose length is n machine units. Common values are 792000 for letter paper and
841890 for paper in A4 format. Alternatively, it can contain
papersize string
to specify a paper size; see groff_font(5) for more information. Each font
description file must contain a command
internalname psname
which says that the PostScript name of the font is psname. It may also contain a
command
encoding enc_file
which says that the PostScript font should be reencoded using the encoding
described in enc_file; this file should consist of a sequence of lines of the form:
pschar code
where pschar is the PostScript name of the character, and code is its position in
the encoding expressed as a decimal integer. Lines starting with # and blank lines
are ignored. The code for each character given in the font file must correspond to
the code for the character in encoding file, or to the code in the default encoding
for the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded. This code can be used
with the \N escape sequence in troff to select the character, even if the character
does not have a groff name. Every character in the font file must exist in the
PostScript font, and the widths given in the font file must match the widths used
in the PostScript font. grops will assume that a character with a groff name of
space is blank (makes no marks on the page); it can make use of such a character to
generate more efficient and compact PostScript output.
grops can automatically include the downloadable fonts necessary to print the docu-
ment. Any downloadable fonts which should, when required, be included by grops
must be listed in the file /usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devps/download; this
should consist of lines of the form
font filename
where font is the PostScript name of the font, and filename is the name of the file
containing the font; lines beginning with # and blank lines are ignored; fields may
be separated by tabs or spaces; filename will be searched for using the same mecha-
nism that is used for groff font metric files. The download file itself will also
be searched for using this mechanism; currently, only the first found file in the
font path is used.
If the file containing a downloadable font or imported document conforms to the
Adobe Document Structuring Conventions, then grops will interpret any comments in
the files sufficiently to ensure that its own output is conforming. It will also
supply any needed font resources that are listed in the download file as well as
any needed file resources. It is also able to handle inter-resource dependencies.
For example, suppose that you have a downloadable font called Garamond, and also a
downloadable font called Garamond-Outline which depends on Garamond (typically it
would be defined to copy Garamond’s font dictionary, and change the PaintType),
then it is necessary for Garamond to be appear before Garamond-Outline in the
PostScript document. grops will handle this automatically provided that the down-
loadable font file for Garamond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by
means of the Document Structuring Conventions, for example by beginning with the
following lines
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond
%%EndComments
%%IncludeResource: font Garamond
In this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need to be listed in the
download file. A downloadable font should not include its own name in a %%Docu-
mentSuppliedResources comment.
grops will not interpret %%DocumentFonts comments. The %%DocumentNeededResources,
%%DocumentSuppliedResources, %%IncludeResource, %%BeginResource and %%EndResource
comments (or possibly the old %%DocumentNeededFonts, %%DocumentSuppliedFonts,
%%IncludeFont, %%BeginFont and %%EndFont comments) should be used.
TrueType fonts
TrueType fonts can be used with grops if converted first to Type 42 format, an
especial PostScript wrapper equivalent to the PFA format mentioned in pfbtops(1).
There are several different methods to generate a type42 wrapper and most of them
involve the use of a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript — see gs(1). Yet,
the easiest method involves the use of the application ttftot42. This program uses
freetype(3) (version 1.3.1) to generate type42 font wrappers and well-formed AFM
files that can be fed to the afmtodit(1) script to create appropriate metric files.
The resulting font wrappers should be added to the download file. ttftot42 source
code can be downloaded from ftp://www.giga.or.at/pub/nih/ttftot42/ 〈ftp://
www.giga.or.at/pub/nih/ttftot42/〉.
ENVIRONMENT
GROPS_PROLOGUE
If this is set to foo, then grops will use the file foo (in the font path)
instead of the default prologue file prologue. The option -P overrides this
environment variable.
FILES
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devps/DESC
Device description file.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devps/F
Font description file for font F.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devps/download
List of downloadable fonts.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devps/text.enc
Encoding used for text fonts.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/ps.tmac
Macros for use with grops; automatically loaded by troffrc
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/pspic.tmac
Definition of PSPIC macro, automatically loaded by ps.tmac.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/psold.tmac
Macros to disable use of characters not present in older PostScript printers
(e.g. ‘eth’ or ‘thorn’).
/tmp/gropsXXXXXX
Temporary file.
SEE ALSO
afmtodit(1), groff(1), troff(1), psbb(1), groff_out(5), groff_font(5),
groff_char(7)
Groff Version 1.18.1.1 16 August 2002 GROPS(1)
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