groff_font - phpMan

GROFF_FONT(5) GROFF_FONT(5)

NAME
groff_font - format of groff device and font description files

DESCRIPTION
The groff font format is roughly a superset of the ditroff font format. The font
files for device name are stored in a directory devname. There are two types of
file: a device description file called DESC and for each font F a font file called
F. These are text files; unlike the ditroff font format, there is no associated
binary format.

DESC file format
The DESC file can contain the following types of line as shown below. Later
entries in the file override previous values.

charset
This line and everything following in the file are ignored. It is allowed
for the sake of backwards compatibility.

family fam
The default font family is fam.

fonts n F1 F2 F3...Fn
Fonts F1...Fn will be mounted in the font positions m+1,...,m+n where m is
the number of styles. This command may extend over more than one line. A
font name of 0 will cause no font to be mounted on the corresponding font
position.

hor n The horizontal resolution is n machine units.

paperheight n
The physical vertical dimension of the output medium in machine units. This
isn’t used by troff itself; currently, only grops uses it.

paperwidth n
The physical horizontal dimension of the output medium in machine units.
This isn’t used by troff. Currently, only the grolbp output device uses it.

papersize string
Select a paper size. Valid values for string are the ISO paper types A0-A7,
B0-B7, C0-C7, D0-D7, DL, and the US paper types letter, legal, tabloid,
ledger, statement, executive, com10, and monarch. Case is not significant
for string if it holds predefined paper types. Alternatively, string can be
a file name (e.g. ‘/etc/papersize’); if the file can be opened, groff reads
the first line and tests for the above paper sizes. Finally, string can be
a custom paper size in the format length,width (no spaces before and after
the comma). Both length and width must have a unit appended; valid values
are ‘i’ for inches, ‘c’ for centimeters, ‘p’ for points, and ‘P’ for picas.
Example: 12c,235p. An argument which starts with a digit is always treated
as a custom paper format. papersize sets both the vertical and horizontal
dimension of the output medium.

More than one argument can be specified; groff scans from left to right and
uses the first valid paper specification.

pass_filenames
Make troff tell the driver the source file name being processed. This is
achieved by another tcommand: F filename.

postpro program
Use program as the postprocessor.

prepro program
Call program as a preprocessor.

print program
Use program as the spooler program for printing. If omitted, the -l and -L
options of groff are ignored.

res n There are n machine units per inch.

sizes s1 s2...sn 0
This means that the device has fonts at s1, s2,...sn scaled points. The
list of sizes must be terminated by a 0. Each si can also be a range of
sizes m-n. The list can extend over more than one line.

sizescale n
The scale factor for pointsizes. By default this has a value of 1. One
scaled point is equal to one point/n. The arguments to the unitwidth and
sizes commands are given in scaled points.

styles S1 S2...Sm
The first m font positions will be associated with styles S1...Sm.

tcommand
This means that the postprocessor can handle the t and u output commands.

unitwidth n
Quantities in the font files are given in machine units for fonts whose
point size is n scaled points.

use_charnames_in_special
This command indicates that troff should encode named characters inside spe-
cial commands.

vert n The vertical resolution is n machine units.

The res, unitwidth, fonts, and sizes lines are compulsory. Other commands are
ignored by troff but may be used by postprocessors to store arbitrary information
about the device in the DESC file.

Here a list of obsolete keywords which are recognized by groff but completely
ignored: spare1, spare2, biggestfont.

Font file format
A font file has two sections. The first section is a sequence of lines each con-
taining a sequence of blank delimited words; the first word in the line is a key,
and subsequent words give a value for that key.

ligatures lig1 lig2...lign [0]
Characters lig1, lig2, ..., lign are ligatures; possible ligatures are ff,
fi, fl, ffi and ffl. For backwards compatibility, the list of ligatures may
be terminated with a 0. The list of ligatures may not extend over more than
one line.

name F The name of the font is F.

slant n
The characters of the font have a slant of n degrees. (Positive means for-
ward.)

spacewidth n
The normal width of a space is n.

special
The font is special; this means that when a character is requested that is
not present in the current font, it will be searched for in any special
fonts that are mounted.

Other commands are ignored by troff but may be used by postprocessors to store
arbitrary information about the font in the font file.

The first section can contain comments which start with the # character and extend
to the end of a line.

The second section contains one or two subsections. It must contain a charset sub-
section and it may also contain a kernpairs subsection. These subsections can
appear in any order. Each subsection starts with a word on a line by itself.

The word charset starts the charset subsection. The charset line is followed by a
sequence of lines. Each line gives information for one character. A line com-
prises a number of fields separated by blanks or tabs. The format is

name metrics type code [entity_name] [-- comment]

name identifies the character: if name is a single character c then it corresponds
to the groff input character c; if it is of the form \c where c is a single charac-
ter, then it corresponds to the special character \[c]; otherwise it corresponds to
the groff input character \[name]. If it is exactly two characters xx it can be
entered as \(xx. Note that single-letter special characters can’t be accessed as
\c; the only exception is ‘\-’ which is identical to ‘\[-]’. The name --- is spe-
cial and indicates that the character is unnamed; such characters can only be used
by means of the \N escape sequence in troff.

Groff supports eight-bit characters; however some utilities have difficulties with
eight-bit characters. For this reason, there is a convention that the name charn
is equivalent to the single character whose code is n. For example, char163 would
be equivalent to the character with code 163 which is the pounds sterling sign in
ISO Latin-1.

The type field gives the character type:

1 means the character has a descender, for example, p;

2 means the character has an ascender, for example, b;

3 means the character has both an ascender and a descender, for example, (.

The code field gives the code which the postprocessor uses to print the character.
The character can also be input to groff using this code by means of the \N escape
sequence. The code can be any integer. If it starts with a 0 it will be inter-
preted as octal; if it starts with 0x or 0X it will be intepreted as hexadecimal.
Note, however, that the \N escape sequence only accepts a decimal integer.

The entity_name field gives an ascii string identifying the glyph which the post-
processor uses to print the character. This field is optional and has been intro-
duced so that the html device driver can encode its character set. For example,
the character ‘\[Po]’ is represented as ‘&pound;’ in html 4.0.

Anything on the line after the encoding field resp. after ‘--’ will be ignored.

The metrics field has the form (in one line; it is broken here for the sake of
readability):

width[,height[,depth[,italic-correction
[,left-italic-correction[,subscript-correction]]]]]

There must not be any spaces between these subfields. Missing subfields are
assumed to be 0. The subfields are all decimal integers. Since there is no asso-
ciated binary format, these values are not required to fit into a variable of type
char as they are in ditroff. The width subfields gives the width of the character.
The height subfield gives the height of the character (upwards is positive); if a
character does not extend above the baseline, it should be given a zero height,
rather than a negative height. The depth subfield gives the depth of the charac-
ter, that is, the distance below the lowest point below the baseline to which the
character extends (downwards is positive); if a character does not extend below
above the baseline, it should be given a zero depth, rather than a negative depth.
The italic-correction subfield gives the amount of space that should be added after
the character when it is immediately to be followed by a character from a roman
font. The left-italic-correction subfield gives the amount of space that should be
added before the character when it is immediately to be preceded by a character
from a roman font. The subscript-correction gives the amount of space that should
be added after a character before adding a subscript. This should be less than the
italic correction.

A line in the charset section can also have the format

name "

This indicates that name is just another name for the character mentioned in the
preceding line.

The word kernpairs starts the kernpairs section. This contains a sequence of lines
of the form:

c1 c2 n

This means that when character c1 appears next to character c2 the space between
them should be increased by n. Most entries in kernpairs section will have a nega-
tive value for n.

FILES
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/DESC
Device description file for device name.

/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/F
Font file for font F of device name.