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GRN(1) GRN(1)
NAME
grn - groff preprocessor for gremlin files
SYNOPSIS
grn [ -Cv ] [ -Tdev ] [ -Mdir ] [ -Fdir ] [ file... ]
It is possible to have whitespace between a command line option and its parameter.
DESCRIPTION
grn is a preprocessor for including gremlin pictures in groff input. grn writes to
standard output, processing only input lines between two that start with .GS and
.GE. Those lines must contain grn commands (see below). These commands request a
gremlin file, and the picture in that file is converted and placed in the troff
input stream. The .GS request may be followed by a C, L, or R to center, left, or
right justify the whole gremlin picture (default justification is center). If no
file is mentioned, the standard input is read. At the end of the picture, the
position on the page is the bottom of the gremlin picture. If the grn entry is
ended with .GF instead of .GE, the position is left at the top of the picture.
Please note that currently only the -me macro package has support for .GS, .GE, and
.GF.
The following command-line options are understood:
-Tdev Prepare output for printer dev. The default device is ps. See groff(1) for
acceptable devices.
-Mdir Prepend dir to the default search path for gremlin files. The default path
is (in that order) the current directory, the home directory,
/usr/lib/groff/site-tmac, /usr/share/groff/site-tmac, and
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac.
-Fdir Search dir for subdirectories devname (name is the name of the device) for
the DESC file before the default font directories /usr/share/groff/site-
font, /usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font, and /usr/lib/font.
-C Recognize .GS and .GE (resp. .GF) even when followed by a character other
than space or newline.
-v Print the version number.
GRN COMMANDS
Each input line between .GS and .GE may have one grn command. Commands consist of
one or two strings separated by white space, the first string being the command and
the second its operand. Commands may be upper or lower case and abbreviated down
to one character.
Commands that affect a picture’s environment (those listed before default, see
below) are only in effect for the current picture: The environment is reinitialized
to the defaults at the start of the next picture. The commands are as follows:
1 N
2 N
3 N
4 N Set gremlin’s text size number 1 (2, 3, or 4) to N points. The default is
12 (resp. 16, 24, and 36).
roman f
italics f
bold f
special f
Set the roman (italics, bold, or special) font to troff’s font f (either a
name or number). The default is R (resp. I, B, and S).
l f
stipple f
Set the stipple font to troff’s stipple font f (name or number). The com-
mand stipple may be abbreviated down as far as ‘st’ (to avoid confusion with
special). There is no default for stipples (unless one is set by the
default command), and it is invalid to include a gremlin picture with poly-
gons without specifying a stipple font.
x N
scale N
Magnify the picture (in addition to any default magnification) by N, a
floating point number larger than zero. The command scale may be abbrevi-
ated down to ‘sc’.
narrow N
medium N
thick N
Set the thickness of gremlin’s narrow (resp. medium and thick) lines to N
times 0.15pt (this value can be changed at compile time). The default is
1.0 (resp. 3.0 and 5.0), which corresponds to 0.15pt (resp. 0.45pt and
0.75pt). A thickness value of zero selects the smallest available line
thickness. Negative values cause the line thickness to be proportional to
the current point size.
pointscale <off/on>
Scale text to match the picture. Gremlin text is usually printed in the
point size specified with the commands 1, 2, 3, or 4 regardless of any scal-
ing factors in the picture. Setting pointscale will cause the point sizes
to scale with the picture (within troff’s limitations, of course). An
operand of anything but off will turn text scaling on.
default
Reset the picture environment defaults to the settings in the current pic-
ture. This is meant to be used as a global parameter setting mechanism at
the beginning of the troff input file, but can be used at any time to reset
the default settings.
width N
Forces the picture to be N inches wide. This overrides any scaling factors
present in the same picture. ‘width 0’ is ignored.
height N
Forces picture to be N inches high, overriding other scaling factors. If
both ‘width’ and ‘height’ are specified the tighter constraint will deter-
mine the scale of the picture. Height and width commands are not saved with
a default command. They will, however, affect point size scaling if that
option is set.
file name
Get picture from gremlin file name located the current directory (or in the
library directory; see the -M option above). If two file commands are
given, the second one overrides the first. If name doesn’t exist, an error
message is reported and processing continues from the .GE line.
NOTES ABOUT GROFF
Since grn is a preprocessor, it doesn’t know about current indents, point sizes,
margins, number registers, etc. Consequently, no troff input can be placed between
the .GS and .GE requests. However, gremlin text is now processed by troff, so any-
thing legal in a single line of troff input is legal in a line of gremlin text
(barring ‘.’ directives at the beginning of a line). Thus, it is possible to have
equations within a gremlin figure by including in the gremlin file eqn expressions
enclosed by previously defined delimiters (e.g. $$).
When using grn along with other preprocessors, it is best to run tbl before grn,
pic, and/or ideal to avoid overworking tbl. Eqn should always be run last.
A picture is considered an entity, but that doesn’t stop troff from trying to break
it up if it falls off the end of a page. Placing the picture between ‘keeps’ in
-me macros will ensure proper placement.
grn uses troff’s number registers g1 through g9 and sets registers g1 and g2 to the
width and height of the gremlin figure (in device units) before entering the .GS
request (this is for those who want to rewrite these macros).
GREMLIN FILE FORMAT
There exist two distinct gremlin file formats, the original format from the AED
graphic terminal version, and the SUN or X11 version. An extension to the SUN/X11
version allowing reference points with negative coordinates is not compatible with
the AED version. As long as a gremlin file does not contain negative coordinates,
either format will be read correctly by either version of gremlin or grn. The
other difference to the SUN/X11 format is the use of names for picture objects
(e.g., POLYGON, CURVE) instead of numbers. Files representing the same picture are
shown in Table 1 in each format.
sungremlinfile gremlinfile
0 240.00 128.00 0 240.00 128.00
CENTCENT 2
240.00 128.00 240.00 128.00
185.00 120.00 185.00 120.00
240.00 120.00 240.00 120.00
296.00 120.00 296.00 120.00
* -1.00 -1.00
2 3 2 3
10 A Triangle 10 A Triangle
POLYGON 6
224.00 416.00 224.00 416.00
96.00 160.00 96.00 160.00
384.00 160.00 384.00 160.00
* -1.00 -1.00
5 1 5 1
0 0
-1 -1
Table 1. File examples
· The first line of each gremlin file contains either the string gremlinfile
(AED version) or sungremlinfile (SUN/X11)
· The second line of the file contains an orientation, and x and y values for
a positioning point, separated by spaces. The orientation, either 0 or 1,
is ignored by the SUN/X11 version. 0 means that gremlin will display things
in horizontal format (drawing area wider than it is tall, with menu across
top). 1 means that gremlin will display things in vertical format (drawing
area taller than it is wide, with menu on left side). x and y are floating
point values giving a positioning point to be used when this file is read
into another file. The stuff on this line really isn’t all that important;
a value of ‘‘1 0.00 0.00’’ is suggested.
· The rest of the file consists of zero or more element specifications. After
the last element specification is a line containing the string ‘‘-1’’.
· Lines longer than 127 characters are chopped to this limit.
ELEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
· The first line of each element contains a single decimal number giving the
type of the element (AED version) or its ASCII name (SUN/X11 version). See
Table 2.
gremlin File Format − Object Type Specification
AED Number SUN/X11 Name Description
0 BOTLEFT bottom-left-justified text
1 BOTRIGHT bottom-right-justified text
2 CENTCENT center-justified text
3 VECTOR vector
4 ARC arc
5 CURVE curve
6 POLYGON polygon
7 BSPLINE b-spline
8 BEZIER Bézier
10 TOPLEFT top-left-justified text
11 TOPCENT top-center-justified text
12 TOPRIGHT top-right-justified text
13 CENTLEFT left-center-justified text
14 CENTRIGHT right-center-justified text
15 BOTCENT bottom-center-justified text
Table 2.
Type Specifications in gremlin Files
· After the object type comes a variable number of lines, each specifying a
point used to display the element. Each line contains an x-coordinate and a
y-coordinate in floating point format, separated by spaces. The list of
points is terminated by a line containing the string ‘‘-1.0 -1.0’’ (AED ver-
sion) or a single asterisk, ‘‘*’’ (SUN/X11 version).
· After the points comes a line containing two decimal values, giving the
brush and size for the element. The brush determines the style in which
things are drawn. For vectors, arcs, and curves there are six legal brush
values:
1 − thin dotted lines
2 − thin dot-dashed lines
3 − thick solid lines
4 − thin dashed lines
5 − thin solid lines
6 − medium solid lines
For polygons, one more value, 0, is legal. It specifies a polygon with an
invisible border. For text, the brush selects a font as follows:
1 − roman (R font in groff)
2 − italics (I font in groff)
3 − bold (B font in groff)
4 − special (S font in groff)
If you’re using grn to run your pictures through groff, the font is really
just a starting font: The text string can contain formatting sequences like
‘‘\fI’’ or ‘‘\d’’ which may change the font (as well as do many other
things). For text, the size field is a decimal value between 1 and 4. It
selects the size of the font in which the text will be drawn. For polygons,
this size field is interpreted as a stipple number to fill the polygon with.
The number is used to index into a stipple font at print time.
· The last line of each element contains a decimal number and a string of
characters, separated by a single space. The number is a count of the num-
ber of characters in the string. This information is only used for text
elements, and contains the text string. There can be spaces inside the
text. For arcs, curves, and vectors, this line of the element contains the
string ‘‘0’’.
NOTES ON COORDINATES
gremlin was designed for AEDs, and its coordinates reflect the AED coordinate
space. For vertical pictures, x-values range 116 to 511, and y-values from 0 to
483. For horizontal pictures, x-values range from 0 to 511 and y-values range from
0 to 367. Although you needn’t absolutely stick to this range, you’ll get best
results if you at least stay in this vicinity. Also, point lists are terminated by
a point of (-1, -1), so you shouldn’t ever use negative coordinates. gremlin
writes out coordinates using format ‘‘%f1.2’’; it’s probably a good idea to use the
same format if you want to modify the grn code.
NOTES ON SUN/X11 COORDINATES
There is no longer a restriction on the range of coordinates used to create objects
in the SUN/X11 version of gremlin. However, files with negative coordinates will
cause problems if displayed on the AED.
FILES
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/DESC
Device description file for device name.
SEE ALSO
gremlin(1), groff(1), pic(1), ideal(1)
HISTORY
David Slattengren and Barry Roitblat wrote the original Berkeley grn.
Daniel Senderowicz and Werner Lemberg modified it for groff.
Groff Version 1.18.1.1 07 October 2002 GRN(1)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache/1.3.41 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5 mod_perl/1.30 mod_gzip/1.3.26.1a
Under GNU General Public License
2008-12-02 07:55 @38.103.63.58 CrawledBy CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)