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FUSER(P) FUSER(P)
NAME
fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
SYNOPSIS
fuser [ -cfu ] file ...
DESCRIPTION
The fuser utility shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes run-
ning on the local system that have one or more named files open. For block special
devices, all processes using any file on that device are listed.
The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional information about the
named files indicating how the file is being used.
Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named file open is
unspecified.
A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the fuser utility.
OPTIONS
The fuser utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
-c The file is treated as a mount point and the utility shall report on any
files open in the file system.
-f The report shall be only for the named files.
-u The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process ID written to
standard output shall be written to standard error.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
file A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
The user database.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of fuser:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of interna-
tionalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other
internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text
data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte char-
acters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents
of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES
.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The fuser utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file given
as an operand to standard output in the following format:
"%d", <process_id>
STDERR
The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.
The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard error:
* The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a colon.
* For each process ID written to standard output, the character â€â€™câ€â€™ shall be writ-
ten to standard error if the process is using the file as its current directory
and the character â€â€™râ€â€™ shall be written to standard error if the process is using
the file as its root directory. Implementations may write other alphabetic char-
acters to indicate other uses of files.
* When the -u option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall
be followed immediately by the user name, in parentheses, corresponding to the
process’ real user ID. If the user name cannot be resolved from the process’
real user ID, the process’ real user ID shall be written instead of the user
name.
When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file, the output
shall be interleaved so that the filename appears at the start of each line, fol-
lowed by the process ID and characters indicating the use of the file. Then, if the
-u option is specified, the user name or user ID for each process using that file
shall be written.
A <newline> shall be written to standard error after the last output described
above for each file operand.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
The command:
fuser -fu .
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the current
directory and writes to standard error an indication of how those processes are
using the directory and the user names associated with the processes that are using
the current directory.
RATIONALE
The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating
System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C)
2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The
Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is
the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
POSIX 2003 FUSER(P)
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