close - phpMan

CLOSE(2)                   Linux Programmer’s Manual                  CLOSE(2)



NAME
       close - close a file descriptor

SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>

       int close(int fd);

DESCRIPTION
       close  closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may be
       reused. Any locks held on the file it was associated with, and owned  by  the  pro-
       cess,  are  removed  (regardless of the file descriptor that was used to obtain the
       lock).

       If fd is the last copy of a particular file  descriptor  the  resources  associated
       with  it  are  freed;  if the descriptor was the last reference to a file which has
       been removed using unlink(2) the file is deleted.

RETURN VALUE
       close returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred.

ERRORS
       EBADF  fd isn’t a valid open file descriptor.

       EINTR  The close() call was interrupted by a signal.

       EIO    An I/O error occurred.

CONFORMING TO
       SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3.  SVr4 documents  an  additional  ENOLINK  error
       condition.

NOTES
       Not  checking  the  return value of close is a common but nevertheless serious pro-
       gramming error.  It is quite possible that errors on a previous write(2)  operation
       are  first reported at the final close.  Not checking the return value when closing
       the file may lead to silent loss of data.  This can especially be observed with NFS
       and disk quotas.

       A  successful close does not guarantee that the data has been successfully saved to
       disk, as the kernel defers writes. It is not common for a filesystem to  flush  the
       buffers  when  the stream is closed. If you need to be sure that the data is physi-
       cally stored use fsync(2).  (It will depend on the disk hardware at this point.)

SEE ALSO
       open(2), fcntl(2), shutdown(2), unlink(2), fclose(3), fsync(2)



                                  2001-12-13                          CLOSE(2)

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