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SIGACTION(2) Linux Programmer’s Manual SIGACTION(2)
NAME
sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending, sigsuspend - POSIX signal handling functions
SYNOPSIS
#include <signal.h>
int sigaction(int signum, const struct sigaction *act, struct sigaction *oldact);
int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset);
int sigpending(sigset_t *set);
int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *mask);
DESCRIPTION
The sigaction system call is used to change the action taken by a process on
receipt of a specific signal.
signum specifies the signal and can be any valid signal except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP.
If act is non-null, the new action for signal signum is installed from act. If
oldact is non-null, the previous action is saved in oldact.
The sigaction structure is defined as something like
struct sigaction {
void (*sa_handler)(int);
void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);
sigset_t sa_mask;
int sa_flags;
void (*sa_restorer)(void);
}
On some architectures a union is involved - do not assign to both sa_handler and
sa_sigaction.
The sa_restorer element is obsolete and should not be used. POSIX does not specify
a sa_restorer element.
sa_handler specifies the action to be associated with signum and may be SIG_DFL for
the default action, SIG_IGN to ignore this signal, or a pointer to a signal han-
dling function. This function receives the signal number as its only argument.
sa_sigaction also specifies the action to be associated with signum. This function
receives the signal number as its first argument, a pointer to a siginfo_t as its
second argument and a pointer to a ucontext_t (cast to void *) as its third argu-
ment.
sa_mask gives a mask of signals which should be blocked during execution of the
signal handler. In addition, the signal which triggered the handler will be
blocked, unless the SA_NODEFER or SA_NOMASK flags are used.
sa_flags specifies a set of flags which modify the behaviour of the signal handling
process. It is formed by the bitwise OR of zero or more of the following:
SA_NOCLDSTOP
If signum is SIGCHLD, do not receive notification when child pro-
cesses stop (i.e., when child processes receive one of SIGSTOP, SIGT-
STP, SIGTTIN or SIGTTOU).
SA_ONESHOT or SA_RESETHAND
Restore the signal action to the default state once the signal han-
dler has been called.
SA_ONSTACK
Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by
sigaltstack(2). If an alternate stack is not available, the default
stack will be used.
SA_RESTART
Provide behaviour compatible with BSD signal semantics by making cer-
tain system calls restartable across signals.
SA_NOMASK or SA_NODEFER
Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own
signal handler.
SA_SIGINFO
The signal handler takes 3 arguments, not one. In this case,
sa_sigaction should be set instead of sa_handler. (The sa_sigaction
field was added in Linux 2.1.86.)
The siginfo_t parameter to sa_sigaction is a struct with the following elements
siginfo_t {
int si_signo; /* Signal number */
int si_errno; /* An errno value */
int si_code; /* Signal code */
pid_t si_pid; /* Sending process ID */
uid_t si_uid; /* Real user ID of sending process */
int si_status; /* Exit value or signal */
clock_t si_utime; /* User time consumed */
clock_t si_stime; /* System time consumed */
sigval_t si_value; /* Signal value */
int si_int; /* POSIX.1b signal */
void * si_ptr; /* POSIX.1b signal */
void * si_addr; /* Memory location which caused fault */
int si_band; /* Band event */
int si_fd; /* File descriptor */
}
si_signo, si_errno and si_code are defined for all signals. The rest of the struct
may be a union, so that one should only read the fields that are meaningful for the
given signal. kill(2), POSIX.1b signals and SIGCHLD fill in si_pid and si_uid.
SIGCHLD also fills in si_status, si_utime and si_stime. si_int and si_ptr are
specified by the sender of the POSIX.1b signal. SIGILL, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV and SIGBUS
fill in si_addr with the address of the fault. SIGPOLL fills in si_band and si_fd.
si_code indicates why this signal was sent. It is a value, not a bitmask. The
values which are possible for any signal are listed in this table:
+------------------------------------+
| si_code |
+-----------+------------------------+
|Value | Signal origin |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_USER | kill, sigsend or raise |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_KERNEL | The kernel |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_QUEUE | sigqueue |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_TIMER | timer expired |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_MESGQ | mesq state changed |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_ASYNCIO | AIO completed |
+-----------+------------------------+
|SI_SIGIO | queued SIGIO |
+-----------+------------------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| SIGILL |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_ILLOPC | illegal opcode |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_ILLOPN | illegal operand |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_ILLADR | illegal addressing mode |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_ILLTRP | illegal trap |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_PRVOPC | privileged opcode |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_PRVREG | privileged register |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_COPROC | coprocessor error |
+-----------+-------------------------+
|ILL_BADSTK | internal stack error |
+-----------+-------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------+
| SIGFPE |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_INTDIV | integer divide by zero |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_INTOVF | integer overflow |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTDIV | floating point divide by zero |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTOVF | floating point overflow |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTUND | floating point underflow |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTRES | floating point inexact result |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTINV | floating point invalid operation |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|FPE_FLTSUB | subscript out of range |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| SIGSEGV |
+------------+---------------------------------------+
|SEGV_MAPERR | address not mapped to object |
+------------+---------------------------------------+
|SEGV_ACCERR | invalid permissions for mapped object |
+------------+---------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------+
| SIGBUS |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
|BUS_ADRALN | invalid address alignment |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
|BUS_ADRERR | non-existent physical address |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
|BUS_OBJERR | object specific hardware error |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
+--------------------------------+
| SIGTRAP |
+-----------+--------------------+
|TRAP_BRKPT | process breakpoint |
+-----------+--------------------+
|TRAP_TRACE | process trace trap |
+-----------+--------------------+
+--------------------------------------------+
| SIGCHLD |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_EXITED | child has exited |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_KILLED | child was killed |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_DUMPED | child terminated abnormally |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_TRAPPED | traced child has trapped |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_STOPPED | child has stopped |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
|CLD_CONTINUED | stopped child has continued |
+--------------+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------+
| SIGPOLL |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_IN | data input available |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_OUT | output buffers available |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_MSG | input message available |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_ERR | i/o error |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_PRI | high priority input available |
+---------+-------------------------------+
|POLL_HUP | device disconnected |
+---------+-------------------------------+
The sigprocmask call is used to change the list of currently blocked signals. The
behaviour of the call is dependent on the value of how, as follows.
SIG_BLOCK
The set of blocked signals is the union of the current set and the
set argument.
SIG_UNBLOCK
The signals in set are removed from the current set of blocked sig-
nals. It is legal to attempt to unblock a signal which is not
blocked.
SIG_SETMASK
The set of blocked signals is set to the argument set.
If oldset is non-null, the previous value of the signal mask is stored in oldset.
The sigpending call allows the examination of pending signals (ones which have been
raised while blocked). The signal mask of pending signals is stored in set.
The sigsuspend call temporarily replaces the signal mask for the process with that
given by mask and then suspends the process until a signal is received.
RETURN VALUE
The functions sigaction, sigprocmask, and sigpending return 0 on success and -1 on
error. The function sigsuspend always returns -1, normally with the error EINTR.
ERRORS
EINVAL An invalid signal was specified. This will also be generated if an attempt
is made to change the action for SIGKILL or SIGSTOP, which cannot be caught.
EFAULT act, oldact, set, oldset or mask point to memory which is not a valid part
of the process address space.
EINTR System call was interrupted.
NOTES
It is not possible to block SIGKILL or SIGSTOP with the sigprocmask call. Attempts
to do so will be silently ignored.
According to POSIX, the behaviour of a process is undefined after it ignores a
SIGFPE, SIGILL, or SIGSEGV signal that was not generated by the kill() or the
raise() functions. Integer division by zero has undefined result. On some archi-
tectures it will generate a SIGFPE signal. (Also dividing the most negative inte-
ger by -1 may generate SIGFPE.) Ignoring this signal might lead to an endless
loop.
POSIX (B.3.3.1.3) disallows setting the action for SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN. The BSD and
SYSV behaviours differ, causing BSD software that sets the action for SIGCHLD to
SIG_IGN to fail on Linux.
The POSIX spec only defines SA_NOCLDSTOP. Use of other sa_flags is non-portable.
The SA_RESETHAND flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name.
The SA_NODEFER flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name under kernels
1.3.9 and newer. On older kernels the Linux implementation allowed the receipt of
any signal, not just the one we are installing (effectively overriding any sa_mask
settings).
The SA_RESETHAND and SA_NODEFER names for SVr4 compatibility are present only in
library versions 3.0.9 and greater.
The SA_SIGINFO flag is specified by POSIX.1b. Support for it was added in Linux
2.2.
sigaction can be called with a null second argument to query the current signal
handler. It can also be used to check whether a given signal is valid for the cur-
rent machine by calling it with null second and third arguments.
See sigsetops(3) for details on manipulating signal sets.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX, SVr4. SVr4 does not document the EINTR condition.
UNDOCUMENTED
Before the introduction of SA_SIGINFO it was also possible to get some additional
information, namely by using a sa_handler with second argument of type struct sig-
context. See the relevant kernel sources for details. This use is obsolete now.
SEE ALSO
kill(1), kill(2), killpg(2), pause(2), sigaltstack(2), raise(3), siginterrupt(3),
signal(2), signal(7), sigsetops(3), sigvec(2)
Linux 2.4 2001-12-29 SIGACTION(2)
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